Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries最新文献

{"title":"Closing the Visibility Gap: From Work Domain Analysis to Design Requirements for Camera Monitor Systems in Mobile Machinery","authors":"Shuaixin Qi,&nbsp;Peter Nickel,&nbsp;Marino Menozzi","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Collisions between mobile machines and pedestrians persist across worksites despite widespread use of camera monitor systems (CMS) that satisfy current design requirements. This signalizes a potential specification-to-reality gap and a lack of human-centered, field-relevant design criteria for visibility aids in mobile machinery. This study addresses this gap using cognitive work analysis to model generic mobile machine operations in construction sites. Focusing on work domain analysis (WDA), an abstraction hierarchy was developed from document reviews, field observations, and subject-matter expert interviews (<i>n</i> = 5), and validated in two workshops (<i>n</i> = 12). The abstraction hierarchy reveals dense means-ends coupling: CMS effectiveness is highly sensitive to real-world degradations, operator workload, and task dynamics. Based on this model, we clarify the constraints shaping near-field pedestrian detection within the machine's hazard envelope and translate those constraints into a taxonomy of risk factors aligned with ISO 6385 work-system design principles. By making these constraints explicit and measurable, our approach identifies leverage points that yield actionable recommendations for improving CMS design and use. This work enables future hypothesis-driven experiments under representative conditions, supports targeted design interventions and training, and motivates updates to standards and test practices so that CMS performance better reflects field realities to promote safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hfm.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146224010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the Visibility Gap: From Work Domain Analysis to Design Requirements for Camera Monitor Systems in Mobile Machinery","authors":"Shuaixin Qi,&nbsp;Peter Nickel,&nbsp;Marino Menozzi","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Collisions between mobile machines and pedestrians persist across worksites despite widespread use of camera monitor systems (CMS) that satisfy current design requirements. This signalizes a potential specification-to-reality gap and a lack of human-centered, field-relevant design criteria for visibility aids in mobile machinery. This study addresses this gap using cognitive work analysis to model generic mobile machine operations in construction sites. Focusing on work domain analysis (WDA), an abstraction hierarchy was developed from document reviews, field observations, and subject-matter expert interviews (<i>n</i> = 5), and validated in two workshops (<i>n</i> = 12). The abstraction hierarchy reveals dense means-ends coupling: CMS effectiveness is highly sensitive to real-world degradations, operator workload, and task dynamics. Based on this model, we clarify the constraints shaping near-field pedestrian detection within the machine's hazard envelope and translate those constraints into a taxonomy of risk factors aligned with ISO 6385 work-system design principles. By making these constraints explicit and measurable, our approach identifies leverage points that yield actionable recommendations for improving CMS design and use. This work enables future hypothesis-driven experiments under representative conditions, supports targeted design interventions and training, and motivates updates to standards and test practices so that CMS performance better reflects field realities to promote safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hfm.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146224003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exponential Relationship Between Bra Underwire Rigidity and Breast Motion: Insights for Adaptive Bra Design and Manufacturing","authors":"Xiaona Chen,&nbsp;Xue Zheng,&nbsp;Guangwu Sun,&nbsp;Yanmei Li,&nbsp;Yi Cao","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70034","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hfm.70034","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sports bras function as a form of personal protective equipment, designed to minimize breast motion and pain. The sports bra design significantly affects breast support and discomfort. Although the use of underwire has been shown to enhance bra support, no quantitative data related to the relationship between underwire properties and bra performance has been published to guide designers and manufacturers in selecting underwire. This study aimed to quantitatively examine the relationship between underwire rigidity and breast motion and discomfort. Ten participants were recruited to perform treadmill running under six bra conditions: one without underwire and five with underwires of varying levels of rigidity. A decreasing trend was observed in vertical breast displacement, perceived breast movement, and discomfort as underwire rigidity increased. Significant exponential relationships were identified between underwire rigidity and vertical breast displacement. However, no significant associations were found for perceived breast movement and perceived breast discomfort. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriately rigid underwires for sports bras, under the tested conditions (young women with bra size 75 C performing treadmill jogging/running at 7.5 and 10 km/h using the same bra model), offering valuable insights into the design and manufacturing of sports bras in the underwear industry.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Stakeholder Acceptance of Workplace Personalization","authors":"Joshua Duvnjak,&nbsp;Ayse Kucukyilmaz,&nbsp;Robert J. Houghton,&nbsp;David R. Large","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70030","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hfm.70030","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Personalization in the workplace may be used to support workers by simplifying tasks or reducing workload, but requires the collection of personal data, and this raises concerns over privacy and possible discrimination if applied indiscriminately. The study explored the factors associated with acceptance of three types of workplace personalization system (Suggester, Swappers and Controller, <i>within-subjects</i>) and two personal data types (Heart Rate, Performance, <i>between-subjects</i>) by presenting vignettes using an online experimental platform (Prolific.com) and capturing respondents' (<i>n</i> = 204) attitudes using recognized acceptance questionnaires (e.g., the Advanced Transport Telematics Acceptance Assessment, [ATTAA]). Results show acceptance is influenced by the type of personalization system, particularly when physiological (heart rate) data is used, with “Swapper” systems receiving the highest ratings for “Usefulness” and “Satisfying” (interpreted as higher acceptance) compared to suggesters and controllers. Acceptance ratings were not significantly different between personalization types when performance data were used. The Affinity for Technology (AFT) and Need for Cognition (NFC) scales were used to categorize participant characteristics, but only revealed significant differences associated with NFC and usefulness—most notably when using performance data. Overall, the results support the need to consider the type of intervention and the type/amount of personal data required when designing and implementing workplace personalization systems and highlight a particular need for caution when physiological data is required.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"36 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety Control for Close Proximity Human-Robot Collaboration Based on Trust and Danger Assessment","authors":"Yueqi An,&nbsp;Yulin Zhou,&nbsp;Jianwei Niu","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the increasing application of robots in industrial manufacturing, ensuring the safety of robots designed for close-proximity human-robot collaboration (HRC) has become paramount. Trust is a critical factor influencing human-perceived safety and is essential for sustainable HRC. However, the integration of trust-related influences into safety strategies for close-proximity HRC remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate safety control mechanisms centered around human trust in robots within close-proximity HRC environments. Task performance and safety performance are considered as key factors affecting trust, and Bayesian inference is employed for human trust assessment. Additionally, the concept of a danger field (DF) is introduced, and the DF calculation formula is refined to enhance robot danger assessment. Building on trust and danger assessments, a safety control strategy is designed by integrating the relationship between trust and safety. To validate the effectiveness of this strategy, a scenario is constructed in the Virtual Robot Experiment Platform where a digital human and a UR5 robot collaboratively transport goods, and the safety system is subsequently integrated to conduct simulation experiments. The results indicate that the implementation of the safety control strategy leads to a reduction in peak robot joint speed, a significant decrease in the maximum, mean, and variance of danger assessment values, and a rapid response capability to shut down the system under high-risk conditions. These findings confirm the reliability of the proposed safety control framework.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146002454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Scrub Nurses' Non-Technical Skills and Their Relationship With Mental Workload in Educational Hospitals","authors":"Reza Kalantari,&nbsp;Mehdi Hasanshahi,&nbsp;Somayeh Gheysari,&nbsp;Zahra Shahin","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Safe surgical practice depends on both technical expertise and strong non-technical skills. Scrub nurses play a key role in the operating room, yet their performance may be affected by high mental workload. This cross-sectional study evaluated non-technical skills and mental workload among 200 scrub nurses in five educational hospitals in 2025. Data were collected using the NASA-TLX and SPLINTS tools. Results showed that while scrub nurses had generally good non-technical skills, they also experienced high mental workload. Among female nurses, higher frustration levels were linked to lower performance in assertiveness and information recognition. In nurses with temporary employment, greater mental demand correlated positively with some skill components. Older, more experienced nurses scored lower in information gathering. As the scores of mental workload domains are negatively correlated with scrub nurses' non-technical skills domains, targeted strategies to reduce mental workload may improve non-technical skills performance. Further research is recommended for exploring these results.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145969775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Analysis Technique: An Approach for Understanding the Differences Between Work-as-Imagined and Work-as-Done","authors":"Atif M. Ashraf,&nbsp;Hyun-Gee Jei,&nbsp;S. Camille Peres,&nbsp;Farzan Sasangohar","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are widely recognized as essential in maintaining safe operations in high-risk industries, such as oil and gas and petrochemicals. However, limited research has been conducted on the discrepancies between the intended work process (Work as Imagined or WAI) and the actual work process (Work as Done or WAD) under normal working conditions, particularly in these industries. While employees may not always strictly adhere to procedure steps when executing tasks, designing SOPs that allow for adaptation to changing conditions while maintaining adherence remains a challenge. To address this gap, a new approach is proposed in this study that combines two concepts: Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and Abstraction Hierarchy (AH) from work domain analysis. HTA breaks down tasks into a hierarchy of subtasks, while AH decomposes the procedural system into four levels with means-ends relationships. The combination forms the Performance Analysis Technique (PAT). The PAT approach is demonstrated using an SOP for a column flushing task that is part of a three-phase separation system. The results showed that the PAT could visually demonstrate where and how workers make deviations and adaptations to complete a task. This new approach has the potential to improve the design and implementation of SOPs in high-risk industries, enhancing safety and operational efficiency in these environments. The study also highlights the importance of collaboration between procedure writers and frontline workers to design more flexible procedures that recognize adaptation risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections of Employees' Digital Addiction Experiences on Workplace Distraction, Safety Perception, and Collective Responsibility: A Phenomenological Study","authors":"Onur Doğan","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to examine how digital addiction based experiences of employees influence attention processes, safety awareness, and collective responsibility in the workplace. It particularly seeks to identify challenges in digitally intensive environments regarding cognitive load, behavioral reflexes, and institutional risk communication. The research employed a phenomenological design with semi- structured interviews conducted with 19 employees from various sectors across Turkey. Criterion sampling was used, and interviews continued until data saturation was reached. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) seven step method. Reporting followed the COREQ checklist to ensure rigor and transparency. Thematic analysis revealed three main themes: Cognitive Load and Deterioration in Safety Perception, Behavioral Disconnection and Erosion in Safety Attitudes, and Organizational Silence and Collective Collapse in Risk Awareness. These findings show that digital addiction negatively affects attention, reflexes, safety behaviors, and institutional reporting processes. Digitalization influences not only work efficiency but also employees' safety behaviors and organizational risk communication. Constant digital stimuli cause distraction, disrupt safety practices, and weaken collective responsibility. The study provides insights into how digital addiction transforms workplace safety culture and recommends comprehensive prevention strategies for employers, managers, and policymakers.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entropy-Enhanced EAST to Assess Distributed Situational Awareness in Human-Machine Interfaces","authors":"Margherita Bernabei,&nbsp;Riccardo Patriarca","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.70027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In complex sociotechnical systems, situational awareness (SA) emerges not from individuals alone but from the shared understanding distributed across human agents, automated subsystems, and information artefacts. Effective coordination therefore depends on distributed situational awareness (DSA), with human–machine interfaces (HMIs) playing a central role. However, traditional HMI evaluations often overlook how DSA is structured by agents' roles, task interdependencies, and communication networks. This paper introduces a method that extends the Event Analysis of Systemic Teamwork (EAST) with an entropy measure, derived from Hick's Law, to quantify informational complexity. The integration provides a systematic means of assessing whether information distribution supports task demands and agent capacity. A walkthrough application illustrates how the method detects DSA misalignments and guides reconfiguration by redistributing information to balance entropy. Results show that entropy-enhanced EAST highlights critical nodes and offers deeper insight into DSA dynamics. The findings also reveal how interface design choices -such as deliberately increasing complexity to enforce communication—shape the distribution of awareness across agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"35 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hfm.70027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145375277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Feasibility of a Virtual Reality Hazard Perception and Gap Acceptance Task for Older Adults to Improve Pedestrian Safety","authors":"Ann J. Carrigan,&nbsp;Thomas B. McGuckian,&nbsp;Peter Wilson,&nbsp;David Greene,&nbsp;Jonathan Duckworth,&nbsp;Li Ping Thong,&nbsp;Ross Eldridge,&nbsp;Michael Psarakis,&nbsp;Andrew C. McKinnon,&nbsp;Perri Fearnley,&nbsp;Joanne M. Bennett","doi":"10.1002/hfm.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite comprising 18% of the Australian population, older adults account for 40% of pedestrian fatalities. It has been proposed that age-related decline in perceptual, cognitive, and physical function contributes to these deaths. To date, the important safe street-crossing skills of hazard perception and gap acceptance have been understudied in an older population and would benefit from being examined using immersive technologies, such as virtual reality (VR). Using a mixed-method design and adopting human factors and ergonomics principles, this study determined the feasibility and acceptability of a protocol using a VR pedestrian street-crossing task (VR-PSCT), including the presence of cybersickness. Data were collected from 14 younger adults (25–45 years) and 14 older adults (&gt; 60 years). Participants completed tasks that measured visual perceptual capacity (e.g., visual acuity), cognitive capacity (e.g., visuospatial attention), and physical capacity (e.g., balance). Hazard perception and gap acceptance were measured using a VR headset where a series of 360° video clips captured from real-world pedestrian situations were presented. Hazard perception response time did not differ between older and younger adults, nor did their hazard perception accuracy scores; however, gap acceptance response time was significantly slower for older adults compared with younger adults. The older adults reported that the protocol length was too long and induced high levels of fatigue. The VR-PSCT was well tolerated, with some instances of mild cybersickness and motor instability for the older adults. This study has established the feasibility of our VR-PSCT task and protocol and highlighted several user-centered modifications needed to conduct further testing with a larger cohort of older adults. By using the latest immersive technologies, we can obtain a greater understanding of older adult pedestrian behaviors and the factors that predict these behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hfm.70026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}