Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries最新文献

{"title":"Task Interruption and Control Recovery Strategies After Take-Over Requests Emphasize Need for Measures of Situation Awareness","authors":"T. Vogelpohl, Franziska Gehlmann, M. Vollrath","doi":"10.1177/0018720819866976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819866976","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Our objective was to determine whether there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving after take-over requests (TORs) using the example of office tasks as nondriving-related tasks (NDRTs). Background Office tasks are likely NDRTs during automated commutes to/from work. Complex tasks can influence how manual control and visual attention is recovered after TORs. Method N = 51 participants in a driving simulator performed either one of two office tasks or no task (between subjects). We recorded reaction times in a high-urgency and low-urgency scenario (within subjects) and analyzed task interruption strategies. Results 90% of the participants who performed an NDRT deactivated the automation after 7 to 8 s. However, 90% of the same drivers looked at the side mirror for the first time only after 11 to 14 s. Drivers with office tasks either interrupted the tasks sequentially or in parallel. Strategies were not adapted to the take-over situation or the task but appeared to be due to individual preferences. Conclusion Drivers engaged in NDRTs may neglect lower priority subtasks after a TOR, such as mirror checking. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond measures of automation deactivation time to understand the transition to manual driving. Using analyses of attentional dynamics during take-over situations may enhance the safety of future car-driver handover assistance systems. Application If low driver availability is detected, TORs should only be used as a fallback option if sufficient time and adaptive driver support can be provided.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"50 1","pages":"1190 - 1211"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91008471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Neural Mechanisms of Pretask Resting EEG Alpha Information on Situational Awareness: A Functional Connectivity Approach","authors":"Ardaman Kaur, R. Chaujar, Vijayakumar Chinnadurai","doi":"10.1177/0018720819869129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819869129","url":null,"abstract":"Objective In this study, the influence of pretask resting neural mechanisms on situational awareness (SA)-task is studied. Background Pretask electroencephalography (EEG) information and Stroop effect are known to influence task engagement independently. However, neural mechanisms of pretask resting absolute alpha (PRAA) and pretask resting alpha frontal asymmetry (PRAFA) in influencing SA-task which is undergoing Stroop effect is still not understood. Method The study involved pretask resting EEG measurements from 18 healthy individuals followed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition during SA-task. To understand the effect of pretask alpha information and Stroop effect on SA, a robust correlation between mean reaction time, SA Index, PRAA, and PRAFA were assessed. Furthermore, neural underpinnings of PRAA, PRAFA in SA-task, and functional connectivity were analyzed through the EEG-informed fMRI approach. Results Significant robust correlation of reaction time was observed with SA Index (Pearson: r = .50, pcorr = .05) and PRAFA (Pearson: r = .63; pcorr = .01), respectively. Similarly, SA Index significantly correlated with PRAFA (Pearson: r = .56, pcorr = .01; Spearman: r = .61, pcorr = .007), and PRAA (Pearson: r = .59, pcorr = .005; Spearman: r = .59, pcorr = .002). Neural underpinnings of SA-task revealed regions involved in visual-processing and higher-order cognition. PRAA was primarily underpinned at frontal-temporal areas and functionally connected to SA-task regions pertaining to the emotional regulation. PRAFA has correlated with limbic and parietal regions, which are involved in integration of visual, emotion, and memory information of SA-task. Conclusion The results suggest a strong association of reaction time with SA-task and PRAFA and strongly support the hypothesis that PRAFA, PRAA, and associated neural mechanisms significantly influence the outcome of SA-task. Application It is beneficial to study the effect of pretask resting information on SA-task to improve SA.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"66 1","pages":"1150 - 1170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84967281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Fatigue on Balance Recovery From Unexpected Trips","authors":"Xingda Qu, Yongxun Xie, Xinyao Hu, Hongbo Zhang","doi":"10.1177/0018720819858794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819858794","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The objective was to examine how physical fatigue and mental fatigue affected balance recovery from unexpected trips. Background Trips are the leading cause for occupational falls that are a multifactorial problem. Recognizing risk factors is the first step in accident control. Fatigue is one of the most common task-related risk factors for occupational falls. Fatigue typically can be divided into physical fatigue and mental fatigue, both of which are common in occupational settings. Method One hundred eight young volunteers participated in the experiment. They were evenly divided into three groups: no fatigue group, physical fatigue group, and mental fatigue group. Each participant performed four walking trials on a linear walkway at their self-selected normal speed. The first three trials were normal walking trials. A trip was induced to participants in the fourth walking trial using a metal pole. Balance recovery from unexpected trips was characterized by trunk flexion and first recovery step measures. Results Recovery step length was smaller and maximum trunk flexion became larger in the mental fatigue group compared with those in the no fatigue group. Physical fatigue did not significantly affect trunk flexion and first recovery step measures. Conclusion Mental fatigue increased the likelihood of loss of balance. Thus, mental fatigue could be a risk factor for trips and falls. To prevent trip-related falls, interventions should be adopted to prevent prolonged exposures to cognitively demanding activities in occupational settings.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"13 1","pages":"919 - 927"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91102252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Benefits and Costs of Low and High Degree of Automation","authors":"Monica Tatasciore, Vanessa K. Bowden, T. Visser, Stephanie Michailovs, S. Loft","doi":"10.1177/0018720819867181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819867181","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The objective of this study is to examine the effects of low and high degree of automation (DOA) on performance, subjective workload, situation awareness (SA), and return-to-manual control in simulated submarine track management. Background Theory and meta-analytic evidence suggest that as DOA increases, operator performance improves and workload decreases, but SA and return-to-manual control declines. Research also suggests that operators have particular difficulty regaining manual control if automation provides incorrect advice. Method Undergraduate student participants completed a submarine track management task that required them to track the position and behavior of contacts. Low DOA supported information acquisition and analysis, whereas high DOA recommended decisions. At a late stage in the task, automation was either unexpectedly removed or provided incorrect advice. Results Relative to no automation, low DOA moderately benefited performance but impaired SA and non-automated task performance. Relative to no automation and low DOA, high DOA benefited performance and lowered workload. High DOA did impair non-automated task performance compared with no automation, but this was equivalent to low DOA. Participants were able to return-to-manual control when they knew low or high DOA was disengaged, or when high DOA provided incorrect advice. Conclusion High DOA improved performance and lowered workload, at no additional cost to SA or return-to-manual performance when compared with low DOA. Application Designers should consider the likely level of uncertainty in the environment and the consequences of return-to-manual deficits before implementing low or high DOA.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"39 1","pages":"874 - 896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82830039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowlegments","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvr0qrd5.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvr0qrd5.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"33 1","pages":"1387 - 1389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74161288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Absence of Degree of Automation Trade-Offs in Complex Work Settings","authors":"G. Jamieson, G. Skraaning","doi":"10.1177/0018720819842709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819842709","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The objective of this study was to test the predictions of the routine-failure trade-off (or lumberjack) model in a full-scope simulator study with expert operators performing realistic control tasks. Background A meta-study of degree of automation (DOA) studies concluded that DOA predicts task performance under both routine and automation failure conditions, workload, and situation awareness. Empirical support for this conclusion appears to be weak for complex work situations. Method A full-scope nuclear power plant simulator experiment was conducted in which licensed operating crews completed realistic procedure execution tasks. Dependent measures selected from the lumberjack model were collected and analyzed for systematic effects. Results Situation awareness increased with increasing DOA, which contradicts the lumberjack model. Anticipated workload and failure task performance effects were not observed. Conclusion The experimental results add further evidence challenging the applicability of the lumberjack model to complex work situations. Application Practitioners should use caution when extending the predictions of the lumberjack model based on data from simple work situations to complex work situations. Researchers should invest more resources in testing the predictive power of the lumberjack model in complex work situations.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"23 1","pages":"516 - 529"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90496212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exoscore: A Design Tool to Evaluate Factors Associated With Technology Acceptance of Soft Lower Limb Exosuits by Older Adults","authors":"Linda Shore, V. Power, Bernard Hartigan, S. Schülein, E. Graf, A. de Eyto, L. O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1177/0018720819868122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819868122","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This pilot study proposed and performs initial testing with Exoscore, a design evaluation tool to assess factors related to acceptance of exoskeleton by older adults, during the technology development and testing phases. Background As longevity increases and our aging population continues to grow, assistive technologies such as exosuits and exoskeletons can provide enhanced quality of life and independence. Exoscore is a design and prototype stage evaluation method to assess factors related to perceptions of the technology, the aim being to optimize technology acceptance. Method In this pilot study, we applied the three-phase Exoscore tool during testing with 11 older adults. The aims were to explore the feasibility and face validity of applying the design evaluation tool during user testing of a prototype soft lower limb exoskeleton. Results The Exoscore method is presented as part of an iterative design evaluation process. The method was applied during an exoskeleton research and development project. The data revealed the aspects of the concept design that rated favorably with the users and the aspects of the design that required more attention to improve their potential acceptance when deployed as finished products. Conclusion Exoscore was effectively applied to three phases of evaluation during a testing session of a soft exoskeleton. Future exoskeleton development can benefit from the application of this design evaluation tool. Application This study reveals how the introduction of Exoscore to exoskeleton development will be advantageous when assessing technology acceptance of exoskeletons by older adults.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"1 1","pages":"391 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90803108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated Driving System Collisions: Early Lessons","authors":"W. Biever, Linda S. Angell, Sean Seaman","doi":"10.1177/0018720819872034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819872034","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This research evaluated Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) involved collisions to identify factors relevant to future ADS research and development. Background Rapidly developing ADSs promise improved safety, among other benefits. Properly applied collision research can inform ADS development, to minimize future collisions. Errors and failures that result in collisions come from sources including the system, ADS operators, and external factors including other drivers. Partially automated systems incorporate new equipment and procedures creating new sources of human error. Fully autonomous systems represent a new class of drivers that interact in unique ways. Method ADS collision reports from the California Department of Motor Vehicles and the National Transportation Safety Board were collected. An expert in human factors and collision investigation analyzed and categorized the crashes while extracting common factors. Results ADS vehicles were never at fault but were often affected from the rear during braking, turning, and gap acceptance maneuvers. Side impacts to ADS vehicles were related to passing vehicles and lane keeping behaviors. Unique incidents also provided additional insights. ADS collision rates cannot yet be determined with confidence. Conclusion Conflicts that lead to collision-involvement with ADSs may be caused by differences between ADS and human driving behavior. Conservative ADS behavior may violate the expectations of other nearby human road users. Application The findings from this work help inform the future development of ADS, as well as potentially the testing of ADS and the formation of policy to guide their future deployment.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"42 1","pages":"249 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73207443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging: Older Adults’ Driving Behavior Using Longitudinal and Lateral Warning Systems","authors":"Dustin J. Souders, N. Charness, N. Roque, H. Pham","doi":"10.1177/0018720819864510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819864510","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This study assessed older drivers’ driving behavior when using longitudinal and lateral vehicle warning systems together. Background Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) can benefit drivers of all ages. Previous research with younger to middle-aged samples suggests that safety benefits are not necessarily additive with additional ADAS. Increases in following distance associated with the use of forward collision warning (FCW) decreased when drivers also used lane departure warning (LDW), likely due to attending to the LDW more than the FCW. Method The current study used a driving simulator to provide 128 older drivers experience with FCW and/or LDW system(s) during a ~25-min drive to gauge their usage’s effects on driving performance and subjective workload. Results There were no significant differences found in headway distance between older drivers who used different combinations of FCW and LDW systems, but those who used an FCW system showed significantly longer time-to-collision (TTC) when approaching the critical event than those who did not. Users of LDW systems did not show reductions in standard deviation of lane position. Analyses of subjective workload measures showed no significant differences between conditions. Conclusion Findings suggest that FCW could increase older drivers’ TTC over the course of a drive. Contrary to previous findings in younger samples, concurrent use of FCW and LDW systems did not adversely affect older drivers’ longitudinal driving performance and subjective workload. Application Potential applications of this research include the assessment of older drivers’ use of vehicle warning systems and their effects on subjective workload.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"5 1","pages":"229 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90751539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Trust in Self-Driving Vehicles Through Text Analysis","authors":"John D. Lee, Kristin Kolodge","doi":"10.1177/0018720819872672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720819872672","url":null,"abstract":"Objective This study examined attitudes toward self-driving vehicles and the factors motivating those attitudes. Background Self-driving vehicles represent potentially transformative technology, but achieving this potential depends on consumers’ attitudes. Ratings from surveys estimate these attitudes, and open-ended comments provide an opportunity to understand their basis. Method A nationally representative sample of 7,947 drivers in 2016 and 8,517 drivers in 2017 completed the J.D. Power U.S. Tech Choice StudySM, which included a rating for level of trust with self-driving vehicles and associated open-ended comments. These open-ended comments are qualitative data that can be analyzed quantitatively using structural topic modeling. Structural topic modeling identifies common themes, extracts prototypical comments for each theme, and assesses how the survey year and rating affect the prevalence of these themes. Results Structural topic modeling identified 13 topics, such as “Tested for a long time,” which was strongly associated with positive ratings, and “Hacking & glitches,” which was strongly associated with negative ratings. The topics of “Self-driving accidents” and “Trust when mature” were more prominent in 2017 compared with 2016. Conclusion Structural topic modeling reveals reasons underlying consumer attitudes toward vehicle automation. These reasons align with elements typically associated with trust in automation, as well as elements that mediate perceived risk, such as the desire for control as well as societal, relational, and experiential bases of trust. Application The analysis informs the debate concerning how safe is safe enough for automated vehicles and provides initial indicators of what makes such vehicles feel safe and trusted.","PeriodicalId":55048,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries","volume":"7 1","pages":"260 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86828339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}