International Journal of Human-Computer Studies最新文献

{"title":"Intelligent support for digital wellbeing: A design framework through a systematic literature review","authors":"Luca Scibetta ,&nbsp;Massimiliano Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Alberto Monge Roffarello,&nbsp;Luigi De Russis","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in AI, particularly Generative AI (GenAI) and Large Language Models (LLMs), have facilitated the integration of AI techniques into digital wellbeing applications, i.e., digital tools that aim at helping people’s wellbeing as a sum of mental and emotional wellness. These AI-powered systems hold the potential to foster healthier habits by collecting and analyzing user behavioral data to provide personalized and dynamic solutions tailored to each user’s needs and lifestyle, therefore improving the efficacy with respect to traditional non-AI interventions. Yet, their development presents significant challenges, including ethical concerns, privacy risks, and the potential for over-reliance on automated interventions. In this paper, we conduct a systematic literature review to examine the key characteristics, challenges, and opportunities in the existing research about AI-powered digital wellbeing tools. Based on our findings, we propose a design framework that outlines 6 critical dimensions and 23 sub-dimensions, spacing from user data and privacy to intervention strategies and personalization, offering practical guidance for researchers and practitioners developing AI-powered digital wellbeing applications. The framework emphasizes the importance of developing tailored and adaptive user-centered interventions adhering to scientific principles, psychological models and responsible data collection. We discuss the applicability and utility of our framework in evaluating and guiding the integration of AI in digital wellbeing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I’ve never seen a glass ceiling better represented”: Bias and gendering in LLM-generated synthetic personas from a participatory design perspective","authors":"Helena A. Haxvig ,&nbsp;Vincenzo D’Andrea ,&nbsp;Maurizio Teli","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines synthetic personas generated by Large Language Models (LLMs) and their implications, focusing on how these personas encode and perform gendering. Traditional personas carry implicit power and agency, making their accuracy and inclusivity essential. However, delegating persona creation to generative AI raises concerns about bias, representation, and ethical design. Poorly designed personas risk reinforcing stereotypes, marginalizing certain groups, and embedding biases into the design process. Using a mixed-method approach – combining direct inquiries with four LLMs and participatory workshops – we analyze gender bias in synthetic personas. Drawing from feminist theory, Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), and Participatory Design (PD), both societal, normative, and representational biases were identified. As a result of this, we argue that synthetic personas should not be used as direct stand-ins for real users but instead reframed as objects of critical inquiry. They can serve as provocations—tools that challenge assumptions and expose biases in LLM-generated outputs. Furthermore, this study underscores the need to move beyond exclusively expert-driven evaluations by incorporating user perspectives directly. By doing so, the evaluation process becomes richer, more representative, and better equipped to identify biases that might otherwise be overlooked.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103651"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How animal-persona chatbots enhance empathy and positive attitudes toward animals","authors":"Jingshu Li ,&nbsp;Aaditya Patwari ,&nbsp;Yi-Chieh Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rises in the number of animal abuse cases are reported around the world. While chatbots have been effective in influencing their users’ perceptions and behaviors, little if any research has hitherto explored the design of chatbots that embody animal personas for the purpose of eliciting empathy toward animals. We therefore conducted a 2 × 2 × 2 experiment factorial experiment based on the presence or absence of verbal, nonverbal, and identity cues to investigate how specific design cues in such chatbots can shape their users’ perceptions of both the chatbots’ identities and the type of animal they represent. Our findings indicate that such chatbots can significantly increase empathy, improve attitudes, and promote prosocial behavioral intentions toward animals, particularly when they incorporate emotional verbal expressions and authentic details of such animals’ lives. These results expand our understanding of chatbots with non-human identities and highlight their potential for use in conservation initiatives, suggesting a promising avenue whereby technology could foster a more informed and empathetic society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding user mental models in AI-driven code completion tools: Insights from an elicitation study","authors":"Giuseppe Desolda ,&nbsp;Andrea Esposito ,&nbsp;Francesco Greco ,&nbsp;Cesare Tucci ,&nbsp;Paolo Buono ,&nbsp;Antonio Piccinno","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated Development Environments increasingly implement AI-powered code completion tools (CCTs), which promise to enhance developer efficiency, accuracy, and productivity. However, interaction challenges with CCTs persist, mainly due to mismatches between developers’ mental models and the unpredictable behavior of AI-generated suggestions, which is an aspect underexplored in the literature. We conducted an elicitation study with 56 developers using co-design workshops to elicit their mental models when interacting with CCTs. Different important findings that might drive the interaction design with CCTs emerged. For example, developers expressed diverse preferences on when and how code suggestions should be triggered (proactive, manual, hybrid), where and how they are displayed (inline, sidebar, popup, chatbot), as well as the level of detail. It also emerged that developers need to be supported by customization of activation timing, display modality, suggestion granularity, and explanation content, to better fit the CCT to their preferences. To demonstrate the feasibility of these and the other guidelines that emerged during the study, we developed ATHENA, a proof-of-concept CCT that dynamically adapts to developers’ coding preferences and environments, ensuring seamless integration into diverse workflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103648"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avatars in mixed-reality meetings: A longitudinal field study of realistic versus cartoon facial likeness effects on communication, task satisfaction, presence, and emotional perception","authors":"Georgiana Cristina Dobre ,&nbsp;Marta Wilczkowiak ,&nbsp;Marco Gillies ,&nbsp;Xueni Pan ,&nbsp;Sean Rintel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted a within-subjects study to examine how realistic faces and cartoon faces on avatars affect communication, task satisfaction, sense of presence, and mood perception in mixed reality meetings. Over the course of two weeks, six groups of co-workers (14 people) held recurring meetings using Microsoft HoloLens2 devices, each person embodying a personal full-body avatar with either a realistic face or cartoon face. Half of the groups started with the realistic face avatar and switched to the cartoon face version halfway through (RC condition), and the other half with the cartoon-face avatar first (CR condition). Results showed that participants in the RC condition may have had higher expectations and more errors in perceiving their colleagues’ moods. Participants in the CR condition reported that the avatars’ appearance mattered less over time and experienced increased comfort and improved identification of their colleagues. Participants rated words, tone of voice, and movement as the most useful cues for perceiving colleagues’ moods, regardless of avatar rendering style. In the RC condition, participants rated gaze as more useful than facial expressions, while in the CR condition, both gaze and facial expressions were rated as the least useful. Results also suggested that participants had more errors when perceiving negative moods in their colleagues, with this trend appearing for most moods, but depending on conditions. Implications of these findings for mixed and virtual reality meetings are discussed. This work contributes to the field of remote collaboration by providing insights from longitudinal data on the impact of avatar appearance on various aspects of work meetings in virtual environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103632"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of interface layouts on cognitive performance for pedicle screw placement simulator in immersive environments","authors":"Lang Qin ,&nbsp;Kadek Ananta Satriadi ,&nbsp;Jiazhou Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Zhan ,&nbsp;Jiang Shao ,&nbsp;Peimeng Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Chen ,&nbsp;Yongtao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many medical procedures, including pedicle screw placement, require intricate hand-sight coordination. In recent years, immersive virtual reality (VR) technologies have gained traction in supporting training of such complex tasks. To effectively perform the task, the ability to see the screw position from different angles during the procedure is crucial, as it meets the user’s need for comprehensive spatial information to guide their actions. Yet, current literature lacks guidelines for designing view layouts for VR simulators in this context. We conducted a repeated measure experiment investigating various layout parameters (8 layouts and 2 view sizes). We gathered behavioral metrics, eye-tracking data, and subjective ratings from 27 participants. We found that layout design significantly impacts task performance, with placing views on the left of the visual field in a vertical arrangement reducing task response time. Furthermore, we found the effects of view arrangements on the flow of visual search patterns. Our study provides design guidelines to inform future design of VR pedicle screw placement simulators and other types of simulators requiring the combination of manual tasks and multiple-perspective views.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103650"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging with ethics in the HCI design process: A study of ethical design practice in different work contexts","authors":"Leonor Costa Tejo ,&nbsp;Paula Alexandra Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As technology increasingly permeates daily life, HCI designers must move beyond acknowledging the ethical impacts of the outcomes of their designs to engaging with ethics throughout the design process. While previous research has explored theoretical perspectives and corporate practices, less is known about how ethics is understood and enacted across different professional contexts. This paper investigates how 12 HCI designers from academia, corporate, and applied research settings understand and engage with ethics in their work. Through qualitative interviews, we examined designers’ perspectives on ethics and ethics in the design process, the challenges they face, and the strategies they apply in practice. We found that designers across contexts struggle to define ethics and feel unprepared to address it. They discuss ethics in relation to design practice, and despite shared concerns, our findings show differences among work contexts. Participants are a central concern, with non-corporate designers adopting more formal approaches and deeper participant engagement. Corporate designers take more practical approaches, aligning ethics with company goals. Interviewees described strategies to address ethical challenges, offering insights into how ethics is applied in practice, where applied research designers reflect elements of both academic and corporate settings, combining strategies from each. Our findings also highlight a mismatch between formal ethical approval processes and the evolving nature of design work, where they fall short of supporting ongoing ethical reflection. Our findings offer insight into ethics in diverse HCI contexts and inform future approaches to ethics in HCI design, where we argue for more flexible, work context-specific approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103634"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining a recommendation system to configure personalized assistance for individuals with cognitive impairments due to a traumatic brain injury","authors":"Marlène Gilles ,&nbsp;Mireille Gagnon-Roy ,&nbsp;Carolina Bottari ,&nbsp;Hubert Kenfack Ngankam ,&nbsp;Eric Maisel ,&nbsp;Sylvain Giroux ,&nbsp;Gireg Desmeulles ,&nbsp;Hélène Pigot ,&nbsp;Pierre De Loor","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smart assistive technologies are increasingly being used to support independent living. Occupational therapists perceive such technologies as useful to helping their clients become more independent in their everyday activities, particularly individuals having sustained a traumatic brain injury. However, adapting and configuring these technologies to meet each person’s individual needs remain challenging. In this study, occupational therapists and computer scientists collaborate to develop a recommendation system designed to assist in configuring a smart assistive technology that helps people having sustained a traumatic brain injury cook safely. The relevance of the recommendations made by this case-based recommendation system was first evaluated by comparing the recommended assistant options with the selections of an expert occupational therapist. Then, we questioned the final users, i.e. occupational therapists, about the usefulness of such a system. This first prototype demonstrated promising results, with about 80% correct recommendations for selection (with an average percentage ranging from 77.0% to 86.2% depending on the threshold set for recommended functionalities, using a database of 16 cases). Additionally, the system was found to be robust against an unbalanced database and has been estimated as useful and relevant by end-users, who remain the final decision-makers. The latter also expressed concerns and suggested improvements, which were incorporated early in the development process to enhance acceptance and facilitate the tool’s integration into clinical practice. As a result, the tools and methods used by the multidisciplinary team led to the successful development of a generic human-centered recommendation system that can be used to personalize smart assistive technologies to each unique person’s needs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103624"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief non-spatial signals facilitate visual search and temporal sensitivity in robot supervision","authors":"Bora Celebi ,&nbsp;Julian Kaduk ,&nbsp;Müge Cavdan ,&nbsp;Heiko Hamann ,&nbsp;Knut Drewing","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The human role in human–swarm interaction (HSI) shifts from controller to supervisor, as robots become more autonomous and require efficient search strategies in complex visual environments. Previous research has shown that spatially uninformative brief cues enhance search performance in laboratory environments (namely, “pip-and-pop” effect). Here we examined if these effects can be effectively applicable in HSI. To this end, we conducted two experiments using small mobile robots (Thymio II) to investigate the impact of auditory, tactile, and audiotactile cues on visual search performance and timing judgments. In the first experiment, 20 participants identified a stopped robot among moving robots. The results showed that all cue conditions significantly reduced reaction times (RTs) compared to the no-cue condition, suggesting that brief spatially non-informative signals improve search performance by increasing sensory information accumulation speed. The second experiment involved 12 participants judging the duration of a robot’s stop after a tactile cue was presented or not. The findings indicate that tactile cues improve temporal sensitivity without affecting subjective duration judgments. These results highlight the potential of uni- and multisensory cues to enhance HSI performance by facilitating quicker and more accurate human responses, particularly in dynamic environments. The study extends the “pip-and-pop” effect to real-world scenarios, offering insights for designing HSI systems that allow users to interact with robotic swarms more naturally and efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103643"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"f-RecX: A framework for designing effective textual explanations in recommender systems’ user interfaces","authors":"Ibrahim Al-Hazwani ,&nbsp;Gabriela Morgenshtern ,&nbsp;Mennatallah El-Assady ,&nbsp;Jürgen Bernard","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2025.103627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recommender systems (RecSys) have become ubiquitous in users’ daily digital interactions, significantly influencing decision-making processes. As these systems grow in algorithmic complexity, effective explanations for non-expert users become essential to fostering understanding and trust. While academic research explores diverse explanation methods, commercial applications predominantly employ textual explanations due to their implementation efficiency and user familiarity. However, the effectiveness of these textual explanations is often compromised by suboptimal presentation within RecSys user interfaces (UIs), leading to reduced user engagement and comprehension. This issue is particularly relevant given the recent emergence of large language models (LLMs) for generating RecSys explanations. We introduce f-RecX, a conceptual framework for characterizing and designing effective textual explanations in RecSys UIs. Based on a two-phase methodology combining qualitative user studies and quantitative evaluations, f-RecX maps four input dimensions (Explanation Style, Goals, Domain Dynamics, and Recommender Systems Technique) to an output dimension focused on visual representation. The framework aims to enhance the ’consumability’ of textual explanations by making them easier to locate and comprehend, and more valuable for non-expert users. We demonstrate f-RecX’s applicability through a usage scenario and analysis of existing RecSys UIs, offering valuable insights for enhancing explainability and user experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54955,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 103627"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145159549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}