Environmental Sciences Europe最新文献

{"title":"Optimization study of the adsorption of malachite green removal by MgO nano-composite, nano-bentonite and fungal immobilization on active carbon using response surface methodology and kinetic study","authors":"Mohammed Taha Moustafa Hussien Hamad","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00728-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00728-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Malachite green a typical organic dye containing triarylmethane, is discharged in wastewater by textile and leather manufacturing plants. MG can pollute the environment, and it represents a major hazard to humans and various living organisms. We have thus worked toward developing the optimum dye-absorptive material, which should possess the following characteristics: excellent adsorption capacity, good selectivity, favorable recycling and reuse potential, and ease and quickness of adsorption. In this study, nano-bentonite, novel hybrid MgO-impregnated clay, and fungal composites were synthesized for Malachite green removal from aqueous solution. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of the synthesis of adsorbents to achieve simultaneous maximum malachite green removal. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to the obtained results, MgO-impregnated clay exhibits a exhibited a higher adsorption capacity of MG than nano-bentonite and pure bentonite. The malachite green adsorption isotherm on MgO-impregnated clay corresponded with the Freundlich isotherm. However, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was a superior fit for nano-bentonite. The adsorption activities of nano-bentonite and MgO-impregnated clay were fitted into a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Based on the root-mean-square error, bias, and accuracy, statistical research has shown that the Halden model has optimal accuracy. In addition, despite being recycled numerous times, the adsorbent maintained its high structural stability and removal effectiveness for nano-bentonite (94.5–86%) and MgO-impregnated clay (92–83%).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00728-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4667065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powering Ghana’s future: unraveling the dynamics of electricity generation and the path to sustainable energy","authors":"Sampson Agyapong Atuahene,&nbsp;Qian Xu Sheng","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00732-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00732-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates powering Ghana’s future: unraveling the dynamics of electricity generation and the path to sustainable energy by estimating endogenous parameters and employing an unrestricted Vector Autoregression (VAR) model. The model examines the linear lead–lag relationships between variables in the Ghanaian electricity sector and power consumption, using data from 2002 to 2021. The results reveal structural long-and-short-run headwinds for the unrestricted models and indicate that the growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and electricity from fossil fuels are directly correlated. Granger causality analysis highlights a feedback relationship between GDP growth rate and electricity from fossil fuel sources. The impulse response function reveals that the GDP growth rate is sensitive to exogenous shocks with lasting effects. Variance decomposition results show that renewable energy without hydropower explains a minimal variance due to shocks, while total global greenhouse emissions account for a significant proportion of the variance due to headwinds. Electricity from fossil fuel sources explains a substantial part of the variance due to headwinds, suggesting Ghana’s overreliance on conventional energy sources. The study forecasts that installed renewable energy capacity will experience considerable growth by 2036, accounting for most of the energy mix. To promote a sustainable energy future, the study recommends implementing fiscal instruments that incentivize renewable energy consumption, gradually diversifying the energy mix towards natural gas as a medium-term transition fuel for grid electricity generation and shifting entirely to renewables in the long time. This research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics of electricity generation in Ghana and provides policy recommendations for sustainable energy development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00732-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4633887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of acute and chronic ecotoxicological effects of aqueous eluates of stone wool insulation materials","authors":"Esther Smollich,&nbsp;Eberhard Döbbeler,&nbsp;Tina Müller-Geipel,&nbsp;Lars Stratmann,&nbsp;Christoph Koch,&nbsp;Valentina I. Merkus,&nbsp;Kathrin Kostka,&nbsp;Denis V. Okhrimenko,&nbsp;Mette Solvang,&nbsp;Milen Nachev,&nbsp;Sonja Zimmermann,&nbsp;Torsten C. Schmidt,&nbsp;Bernd Sures","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00727-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00727-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Stone wool is an inorganic mineral insulation material increasingly used to reduce the climate impact of buildings. The acute and chronic ecotoxicological potential of stone wool eluates have been studied in a battery of standardized laboratory ecotoxicological tests. The experiments were conducted with stone wool test materials in fibrous and milled form, with and without the presence of organic binder. For the preparation of eluates, the OECD protocol on the transformation/dissolution of metals and metal compounds was applied. The resulting eluates were used in acute tests, i.e., bioluminescence test with <i>Aliivibrio fischeri</i> (DIN EN ISO 11348-1:2009), algae growth test with <i>Desmodesmus subspicatus</i> (OECD No. 201) and immobilization test with <i>Daphnia magna</i> (OECD No. 202), as well as chronic tests, i.e., the <i>Daphnia magna</i> reproduction test (OECD No. 211) and the nematode growth and reproduction test with <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (ISO 10872:2010).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>While no acute or chronic ecotoxicological effects of the eluates were observed for fibrous stone wool material, the milled test materials showed some chronic effects on aquatic invertebrates. Depending on the test materials and concentrations of milled stone wool used in the eluate preparation, these chronic effects included significant stimulation or inhibition of daphnid reproduction and nematode growth. The chemical analysis conducted in parallel to the ecotoxicological assessment indicated no leaching of organic substances from the applied binder or mineral oils and no formation of nanoparticles by the milling of stone wool. Furthermore, ICP-MS and ICP-OES analysis of eighteen elements revealed that only aluminum and nickel could be quantified in the eluates, at concentrations of approximately 750 µg/L and 7 µg/L, respectively.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Based on the present ecotoxicological assessment, eluates from stone wool fibers cannot be considered as chemically hazardous to the aquatic environment. However, additional investigations of the ecotoxicological potential of the milled material and the environmental exposure of stone wool products are necessary for a complete evaluation of potentially negative effects of stone wool insulation materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00727-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4195274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibilities to reduce drift by 75 percent in biocidal applications of insecticides with cannon sprayers","authors":"Tina Langkamp-Wedde,&nbsp;Dirk Rautmann,&nbsp;Dieter von Hörsten,&nbsp;Jan-Uwe Niemann,&nbsp;Jens Karl Wegener","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00729-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00729-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Insecticides are applied on a large scale in the environment to control the oak processionary moth (<i>Thaumetopoea processionea</i>) for the protection of human health. Drift of the insecticides to non-target areas is a risk for the surrounding biodiversity. Since the habitats of the caterpillars are usually restricted to the treetops, the sprayers used to apply biocidal products must be able to transport the droplets over longer distances. Therefore, cannon sprayers are often used. In this study, spray drift in an oak avenue from a cannon sprayer with hydraulic atomisation was measured with two different nozzles. The aim of this study is to compare spray drift when using a cannon sprayer with different drift-reducing nozzles with cannon sprayers with pneumatic atomisation to find options to reduce drift to non-target areas.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The results show that compared to the basic drift values for biocidal products using a cannon sprayer with pneumatic atomisation, a cannon sprayer with ID-120-05 POM nozzles achieves a drift reduction of 75% and a classification in this reduction class. No drift reduction could be determined with a cannon sprayer with AirMix 110-05 nozzles.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Better knowledge of drift of biocidal products is of utmost urgency in order to be able to compare and classify the currently used technologies. When using a cannon sprayer, this study shows that specific drift values are recommended based on the type of atomisation, as droplet size is an important factor in reducing drift. By choosing the technology with the highest drift reduction, the drift of biocidal products into the environment can be minimised by 75%, thus ensuring a much better protection of the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00729-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4149263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on the EU Commission's proposal for amending the Water Framework Directive, the Groundwater Directive, and the Directive on Environmental Quality Standards","authors":"Thomas Backhaus","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00726-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00726-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The EU Commission published on the 26th of October 2022 its proposal for amending three central water management Directives, the Water Framework Directive, the Groundwater Directive, and the Directive on Environmental Quality Standards. The proposal introduces a series of amendments and changes to remedy shortcomings that were identified in the previous fitness check of the European water legislation and to align the legal framework with the scientific and technical progress of the last decades. This commentary briefly summarizes and evaluates the new elements that are most relevant from a toxicological and ecotoxicological perspective.</p><p>The Commission proposal substantially extends the list of WFD priority substances and now includes 68 substances and substance groups. It also identifies five substances and substance groups as a priority for groundwater management. In several instances, generic sum-EQS values are suggested for selected substance groups, an approach that lacks scientific underpinning and might not always be sufficiently protective. EQS values for substances groups are certainly needed, but are better set using relative potency factors or other implementations of the Concentration Addition concept. The Commission proposal employs this approach for setting groupwise EQS values for PFAS chemicals and PAHs and it should be systematically applied also to other groups of priority substances.</p><p>Effect-based methods (EBMs) are now included in the legal text of the WFD, which is highly welcome. However, the Commission proposal limits EBMs to explorative studies and does not include the setting of EQS values based on EBM-methods.</p><p>Revising the major legislative frameworks offers opportunities to streamline water pollution management in the spirit of the “one substance, one assessment” idea. Further details on how substance evaluations performed in the context of water management can be harmonized with those performed by EFSA, ECHA and EMA during substance registration and authorization would have been welcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00726-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5179038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General toxicity and genotoxicity studies of a new scale inhibitor for seawater desalination","authors":"Lian Duan,&nbsp;Yimin Li,&nbsp;Wen Gu,&nbsp;Chao Wang,&nbsp;Ying Shi,&nbsp;Hongbin Yang,&nbsp;Mengmeng Wang,&nbsp;Yuehan Long,&nbsp;Song Tang,&nbsp;Jian Kong,&nbsp;Shaoping Zhang,&nbsp;Lixia Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Wei,&nbsp;Chong Wang,&nbsp;Kai Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00722-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00722-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Maleic acid polymer scale inhibitor is a new domestic seawater desalination scale inhibitor. This study tested the acute oral toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity and genotoxicity of this new inhibitor. The LD₅₀ obtained from the acute oral toxicity test was 6810 and 9260 mg/kg·BW for male and female rats, as well as 1/5, 1/10 and 1/20 LD₅₀ were as the dose for sub-chronic toxicity test. It showed the weight of male rats with high dose was significantly lower than the control group during the exposure period (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and the food consumption in the first 4 weeks was lower than the control group (<i>p</i>_{<i>_</i>week1} = 0.0261, <i>p</i>_{<i>_</i>week4} = 0.00222). The blood biochemical results showed the UREA in the medium- and high-dose groups were significantly higher than the control group (<i>p</i>_{_ female medium} = 0.0047, <i>p</i>_{<i>_</i>high} = 0.0037; <i>p</i>_{<i>_</i>male medium} = 0.0026, <i>p</i>_{_high} &lt; 0.001), and increased as a dose dependence. Based on UREA results, the NOAEL and LOAEL were 1/20 LD₅₀ and 1/10 LD₅₀, respectively (males: 340.5 and 681 mg/kg·BW, females: 436 and 926 mg/kg·BW). Comet assay in vitro and Mammalian Erythrocyte Micronucleus Test were jointly to judge genotoxicity. This inhibitor did not cause chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells. However, the tail moment of CHO cell in all groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and the DNA% in tail in the 1/4 IC₅₀ and IC₅₀ groups were higher than the negative control (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in comet assay, suggesting the potential DNA damage in CHO cell. The oral LD₅₀ and the NOAEL and LOAEL obtained in this study provides a theoretical basis for further toxicity research and risk assessment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000 <figure><div><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></div></figure>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00722-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4392472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expected Risk as basis for assessment of safe use of chemicals","authors":"Dik van de Meent,&nbsp;Dick de Zwart,&nbsp;Jaap Struijs,&nbsp;Joop L. M. Hermens,&nbsp;Nico M. van Straalen,&nbsp;Klaas H. den Haan,&nbsp;John R. Parsons,&nbsp;Pim de Voogt,&nbsp;Kees van Leeuwen","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00713-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00713-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper describes a straightforward modeling procedure to derive ‘expected risk’ (<i>ER</i>) of chemical substances. Starting from proposed use volumes, intended uses, physical and chemical substance properties and toxicity information, the procedure combines multimedia environmental fate modeling with species sensitivity modeling to derive the probability that exposure concentrations exceed critical effect concentrations. The procedure was tested on 1977 so-called mono-constituent organic chemicals that had been registered to be marketed in the EU, after ‘possibility to be used safely’ had been demonstrated by showing that the possible Risk Quotients (<i>RQ</i>) defined as PEC/PNEC ratios (Predicted Exposure Concentration &amp; Predicted No Effect Concentration) were expected to remain below the value of 1, as required by REACH. It appears from this study that (i) <i>RQ</i> and <i>ER</i> of chemicals can be calculated readily, reliably, transparently and reproducibly, that (ii) both <i>RQ</i> and <i>ER</i> can be used to assess whether a new chemical may exceed a chosen acceptability level, but that (iii) in addition <i>ER</i> can be straightforwardly used to rank chemicals according to expected environmental safety. In conclusion, the paper states that modeling <i>ER</i> of chemicals (instead of estimating <i>RQ</i> values), could strengthen the scientific basis of environmental risk assessment for use in REACH. The paper further recommends that more robust environmental risk calculation can be done by using acute EC50, instead of chronic NOEC as critical effect concentration. </p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00713-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4310530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, remobilization and accumulation of organic contaminants by flood events in a meso-scaled catchment system","authors":"Christina A. Schwanen,&nbsp;Jan Müller,&nbsp;Philipp Schulte,&nbsp;Jan Schwarzbauer","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00717-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00717-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Extreme weather events and natural disasters such as floods can cause severe damage and impacts on catchment systems covering natural as well as urban, industrial or agricultural areas. Thus, floods often lead to the acute and unusual release of organic pollutants, as well as the remobilization of legacy contaminations or old burdens. Floodplains are then of major relevance for the accumulation of pollutants. Accordingly, various floodplains distributed throughout the course of the Rur River were sampled immediately after two flood events in January/February and July 2021. The main objective was to address the general lack of knowledge on indirect effects of flooding and the corresponding distribution and accumulation of organic pollutants regarding different dimensions and dynamics of flood events.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) based non-target screenings revealed the presence of several lipophilic to moderate polar organic pollutant groups, including PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), hopanes, PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), LABs (linear alkylbenzenes) and various other industrial substances. These substances are indicators of petrogenic pollution, historical and current industry in the catchment area, and of wastewater and urban pollution, respectively. In general, concentrations detected after the extreme summer flood were higher than in winter. This points to additional emission sources due to substantially higher discharges and consequently more severe flooding in July. The main tributaries also had a major influence on the input and concentrations of organic pollutants at the receiving Rur River. Further on, structural features such as dams and reservoirs, but also (re)naturalized areas were clearly recognizable in the flood-related dispersion of organic pollutants. Interestingly, LAB contamination was similar after both flood events regardless of the specific dimension.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Flood dimension and frequency are of great relevance for the distribution, remobilization and accumulation of organic contaminants. However, special attention should be given to the introduction of wastewater pollutants for any flood extent. Overall, organic indicators are therefore very useful to obtain information on specific distribution patterns and the influence of tributaries or structural measures, providing an important basis for the assessment of short- and long-term environmental risks and hazards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00717-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4263089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined toxic effects of T-2 toxin and propiconazole on the early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Shuai Zhang,&nbsp;Xuan Liu,&nbsp;Lu Lv,&nbsp;Chuande Liu,&nbsp;Ting Luo,&nbsp;Hongmei Zhu,&nbsp;Jinjie Zhang,&nbsp;Yanhua Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00714-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00714-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Agricultural products are frequently co-contaminated by mycotoxins and pesticides. Most studies have only focused on the single toxicities of these chemicals, while their combined effects are neglected. Therefore, we investigated the combined toxic effects of T-2 toxin (T-2) and propiconazole (PRO) on zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our data exhibited that T-2 had higher toxicity to embryonic fish (96-h LC₅₀ value of 0.39 mg a.i. L⁻¹) than PRO (96-h LC₅₀ value of 17.16 mg a.i. L⁻¹). The mixture of T-2 and PRO showed an acute synergistic effect on zebrafish. Meanwhile, indicators associated with oxidative stress (SOD, <i>Mn-sod,</i> and <i>cat</i>) displayed significant variations in most exposures to T-2 and PRO mixtures (MTP) compared with the single exposures. The expressions of apoptosis-related genes <i>cas3</i> and <i>cas9</i> were also substantially elevated in the high-dose MTP exposure compared with the corresponding T-2 exposure. Besides, the expressions of endocrine system-related genes (<i>TRβ</i>, <i>tsh</i>, <i>crh</i>, <i>cyp19a,</i> and <i>vtg1</i>) were markedly varied in most MTP exposures compared with the corresponding single exposures. Our present results suggested that the mixture of T-2 and PRO could cause enormous effects on oxidative stress, cellular apoptosis, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid/hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG/HPT) axis of zebrafish.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results provided new insights into the development of combined pollution standards for agricultural products. Taken together, the impact of the combined effects could be considered and regulated as priorities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00714-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5083299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the ecotoxicity of construction product eluates as multicomponent mixtures","authors":"Ines Heisterkamp,&nbsp;Stefan Gartiser,&nbsp;Ute Schoknecht,&nbsp;Oliver Happel,&nbsp;Ute Kalbe,&nbsp;Martina Kretzschmar,&nbsp;Outi Ilvonen","doi":"10.1186/s12302-023-00711-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-023-00711-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The release of hazardous compounds from construction products can harm human health and the environment. To improve the sustainability of construction materials, the leaching of substances from construction products and their potential environmental impact should be assessed. Twenty-seven construction products from different product groups were examined with a combination of standardized leaching tests (dynamic surface leaching test and percolation test) and biotests (algae, daphnia, fish egg, luminescent bacteria, umu and Ames fluctuation tests). To identify the released substances, extensive qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses were performed, including gas chromatographic and liquid chromatographic screening techniques.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Many of the tested eluates caused significant ecotoxic effects. Particularly high ecotoxicities were observed for grouts (lowest ineffective dilution (LID) up to 16384) and cork granules (LID up to 24578). The results of ecotoxicity tests allow the prioritization of the eluates that should be subjected to detailed chemical analyses. Organic screening by different methods and ranking the identified substances based on recorded hazard classification is a suitable approach to identify the relevant toxic substances.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Determining the ecotoxicity of eluates from construction products records the summary effect of all leachable substances. This instrument is especially useful for construction products of complex and largely unknown composition. The ecotoxicological and the chemical–analytical approach complement each other in an ideal way to characterize the potential hazard of eluates from construction products and to identify the environmentally hazardous components in these eluates. Our results confirm that the proposed harmonized methods for testing eluate toxicity are an adequate and applicable procedure to move toward a more sustainable way of building and to reduce toxic effects of construction products in their use phase in the environment..</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2023-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://enveurope.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s12302-023-00711-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4827261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}