Optical Switching and Networking最新文献

Selection of candidate paths based on diversity in resource allocation problems on optical networks 光网络资源分配问题中基于多样性的候选路径选择

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100826

Yuta Mori, Maiko Shigeno

{"title":"Selection of candidate paths based on diversity in resource allocation problems on optical networks","authors":"Yuta Mori, Maiko Shigeno","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical networks play an essential role as an infrastructure supporting advanced information and communication technology. Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) have been designed to improve frequency resource utilization efficiency and enable flexible and efficient network operations. In EONs, the Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) problem — which involves determining routes of transmission and allocating frequency resources — is a critical issue for efficient network operation. Traditionally, the k-Shortest Paths (kSP) approach has been widely used for candidate transmission routes. However, kSP often leads to the concentration of transmission on specific links, creating bottlenecks for resource allocation. To address this challenge, we propose three novel candidate path selection methods for the RSA problem: (1) ensuring path diversity through similarity constraints via 0–1 integer programming, (2) clustering based on path similarity, and (3) suppressing link sharing through node pair grouping. Numerical experiments performed to assure the effectiveness of our proposed methods, and confirmed that introducing path diversity can yield high-quality solutions to the RSA problem under specific scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145261960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamic heuristics for transmission band assignment in multiband elastic optical networks 多波段弹性光网络中传输频带分配的动态启发式算法

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100825

Felipe Cézar Maia e Silva, Danilo de Oliveira Melo, José Roberto do Nascimento Arcanjo, Helder Alves Pereira

引用次数: 0

Visible light communication technologies: A tutorial and survey from fundamentals to cutting-edge innovations 可见光通信技术：从基础到前沿创新的教程和调查

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100824

Anass Kharbouche, Noureddine El-Haryqy, Hamza Ouamna, Zhour Madini, Younes Zouine

{"title":"Visible light communication technologies: A tutorial and survey from fundamentals to cutting-edge innovations","authors":"Anass Kharbouche, Noureddine El-Haryqy, Hamza Ouamna, Zhour Madini, Younes Zouine","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of Visible Light Communication (VLC) has represented a major breakthrough by unlocking a new band of the spectrum, the visible light domain, while complementing the existing radio frequency spectrums. This innovation paves the way for applications that were previously inaccessible through traditional radio-based technologies. VLC has not only alleviated congestion in wireless networks but also offers a unique opportunity for expanding the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling communication between a multitude of connected devices. This paper provides a comprehensive review of VLC, tracing its development from its inception to the present state. The analysis is structured around the three essential components of a communication chain: the transmitter, the receiver, and the transmission channel. It is a synthesis of current knowledge, examining the various types of transmitters used, their adaptation to different applications, and their advantages and limitations. The paper also explores the methods for modeling transmission channels in VLC, detailing the differences between indoor and outdoor channels and how each type of channel corresponds to specific applications, along with their respective strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, particular attention is given to VLC receivers, analyzing their specificities based on channel types and the applications they are associated with. Through this review, the paper not only highlights the achievements made by researchers thus far but also discusses the challenges and future prospects in this ever-evolving field. Simulations and case studies are presented chronologically, providing a comprehensive view of the progress made and the results obtained, while identifying research avenues that need further exploration to advance this revolutionary technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Survivable Elastic Optical Network: A survey of failure scenarios and solutions 可生存弹性光网络：故障场景和解决方案的综述

IF 3.1 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100823

Amit Khanjan Sarma, Sanjib K. Deka, Nityananda Sarma

{"title":"Survivable Elastic Optical Network: A survey of failure scenarios and solutions","authors":"Amit Khanjan Sarma, Sanjib K. Deka, Nityananda Sarma","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Survivable Elastic Optical Networks (SEON) are at the forefront of high-speed, flexible, and bandwidth-efficient optical communication. Modern flex-grid Elastic Optical Networks (EON) allocate variable-width frequency slots to match heterogeneous traffic demands and modulation formats; the survivability mechanisms discussed here operate at the spectrum slot layer and are agnostic to the underlying transponder waveform. Despite these advantages, ensuring survivability against diverse failures, including single-link, multi-link, node and hardware outages, remains a major challenge. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of SEON survivability, with a particular emphasis on classifying solutions according to different failure scenarios. State-of-the-art strategies such as Dedicated Path Protection, Shared Backup Path Protection, segmented and span restoration, and p-cycle protection are systematically analyzed and compared. Unlike previous surveys, this work integrates a classification framework with performance insights, highlighting how existing mechanisms fare under different types of failures. To bridge existing gaps, we also discuss open research challenges, including centralized control, spectrum management, AI-driven resilience, physical layer impairments and disaster recovery. Furthermore, we outline the potential of a hybrid protection paradigm combining state-aware traffic splitting, dynamic allocation, and vulnerability scoring to improve spectrum utilization and reduce blocking probability. By linking failure scenarios with recovery strategies and future research needs, this survey provides a unique perspective to guide the design of scalable, adaptive and intelligent SEON architectures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"58 ","pages":"Article 100823"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145183879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Locusts spiral navigation algorithm enabled high-speed data communication network for free space optics 蝗虫螺旋导航算法实现自由空间光学高速数据通信网络

IF 1.9 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100815

Ankur Singhal , Anil Garg , Ajay Jangra , Poonam Rani , Priyanka Jangra , Deepti Chaudhary

{"title":"Locusts spiral navigation algorithm enabled high-speed data communication network for free space optics","authors":"Ankur Singhal , Anil Garg , Ajay Jangra , Poonam Rani , Priyanka Jangra , Deepti Chaudhary","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past two decades, the proliferation of data communication devices has significantly expanded to raise the standard of living for the majority of people. However, the integration of multiple devices into a limited space requires significant bandwidth capacity when building densely connected networks. In addition, conventional systems increase synchronization errors and high operational expenditures. Therefore, to mitigate the limitations this research offers a Locusts Spiral Navigation Algorithm enabled Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing for high-speed data communication network in free space optics (LSN-OFDM-FSO). The proposed model utilizing the LSN algorithm effectively selects the best phasor weight factors with minimal Peak Average Power Ratio (PAPR) value. Moreover, the combination of Wavelength Division Multiplexing and Mach–Zehnder Modulator systems ensure high-speed connectivity with maximum transmission capacity. When compared with other existing modulation methods, the LSN-OFDM-FSO offers less Bit Error Rate <span><math><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> for a Free space optics length of 6 km. Additionally, the proposed model has less penalty total power of −966.674 dB, and total power of −33.2618 dBm. On the other hand, in terms of energy analysis, for 64 OLTs, the proposed model consumes a total energy of 9.29, and the ONU consumes less energy of 77.04. Moreover, the proposed system is well-suitable for high-speed data communication networks, with minimum information loss and delay.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100815"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144613300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost and power-consumption analysis for power profile monitoring with multiple monitors per link in optical networks 光网络中每链路多监测仪功率分布监测的成本和功耗分析

IF 1.9 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100813

Qiaolun Zhang , Patricia Layec , Alix May , Annalisa Morea , Aryanaz Attarpour , Massimo Tornatore

{"title":"Cost and power-consumption analysis for power profile monitoring with multiple monitors per link in optical networks","authors":"Qiaolun Zhang , Patricia Layec , Alix May , Annalisa Morea , Aryanaz Attarpour , Massimo Tornatore","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As deploying large amounts of monitoring equipment results in elevated cost and power consumption, novel low-cost monitoring methods are being continuously investigated. A new technique called <em>Power Profile Monitoring</em> (PPM) has recently gained traction thanks to its ability to monitor an entire lightpath using a single post-processing unit at the lightpath receiver. PPM does not require to deploy an individual monitor for each span, as in the traditional monitoring technique using <em>Optical Time-Domain Reflectometer</em> (OTDR). In this work, we aim to quantify the cost and power consumption of PPM (using OTDR as a baseline reference), as this analysis can provide guidelines for the implementation and deployment of PPM. First, we discuss how PPM and OTDR monitors are deployed, and we formally state a new Optimized Monitoring Placement (OMP) problem for PPM. Solving the OMP problem allows to identify the minimum number of PPM monitors that guarantees that all links in the networks are monitored by at least <span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> PPM monitors (note that using <span><math><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>></mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math></span> allows for increased monitoring accuracy). We prove the NP-hardness of the OMP problem and formulate it using an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model. Finally, we also devise a heuristic algorithm for the OMP problem to scale to larger topologies. Our numerical results, obtained on realistic topologies, suggest that the cost (and power) of one PPM module should be lower than 2.6 times that of one OTDR for nation-wide and 10.2 times for continental-wide topology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100813"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144613301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum capacity of a deformed bosonic dephasing channel 变形玻色子脱相信道的量子容量

IF 1.9 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100814

Shahram Dehdashti , Janis Nötzel , Peter van Loock

引用次数: 0

Revolutionizing optical networks: The integration and impact of large language models 革命性的光网络：大型语言模型的集成和影响

IF 1.9 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100812

Sergio Cruzes

{"title":"Revolutionizing optical networks: The integration and impact of large language models","authors":"Sergio Cruzes","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing complexity and scale of optical networks demand advanced automation frameworks capable of adapting to dynamic service requirements, physical-layer impairments, and multi-vendor environments. Traditional solutions—based on static rule sets or narrowly scoped machine learning models—struggle to manage real-time performance, heterogeneous data, and domain-specific variability. Large Language Models (LLMs), built on transformer architectures, offer a paradigm shift by enabling context-aware reasoning, multi-task generalization, and natural language interpretation. These models can automate configuration generation, fault diagnosis, alarm correlation, and routing and spectrum assignment (RSA), while enhancing Quality of Transmission (QoT) estimation and scenario modeling.</div><div>This article provides a comprehensive survey of current automation approaches in optical networks, including software-defined networking (SDN), intent-based networking (IBN), machine learning (ML)-based orchestration, and cognitive control architectures. Special attention is given to emerging paradigms that integrate LLMs for intent interpretation, fault analysis, configuration generation, and reasoning.</div><div>Building on these foundations, we propose a hybrid framework that integrates LLMs with Digital Twin (DT) technologies to enable closed-loop control, predictive optimization, and explainable, intent-driven decision-making. Telemetry streams feed both DT simulations and LLM-based reasoning agents, supporting proactive reconfiguration and fault mitigation. To address LLM limitations—such as hallucinations and inference latency —the framework incorporates prompt engineering, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), domain-specific fine-tuning, and simulation-based validation.</div><div>The proposed architecture paves the way for resilient, autonomous, and sustainable optical networks that can self-optimize and adapt in real time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100812"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantum-secure protocols for privacy preserving location based services 用于保护隐私的基于位置服务的量子安全协议

IF 1.9 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100811

Sushmita Sarkar , Tapaswini Mohanty , Vikas Srivastava , Debasish Roy , Sumit Kumar Debnath , Sihem Mesnager , Sourav Mukhopadhyay

{"title":"Quantum-secure protocols for privacy preserving location based services","authors":"Sushmita Sarkar , Tapaswini Mohanty , Vikas Srivastava , Debasish Roy , Sumit Kumar Debnath , Sihem Mesnager , Sourav Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Location Based Service (LBS) uses users’ geographic location to provide relevant and personalized services. However, privacy concerns arise for both users and service providers. Users wish to receive necessary information based on location-related queries without revealing the content of their queries to preserve privacy. At the same time, the location server must protect its valuable data from unauthorized access, as this data is a critical asset. In this manuscript, we address this problem and provide a solution to it by utilizing an oblivious transfer (OT) protocol. We propose a <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-out-of-<span><math><mi>n</mi></math></span> quantum oblivious transfer protocol (namely <span>GqOT</span>) as a solution to the above-mentioned problem. We describe the problem and the application of our proposed <span>GqOT</span> to solve the privacy preserving issues of users and service providers during LBS. The solution is practical and efficient as the source of quantum states for <span>GqOT</span> is single photons. Consequently, simple projective measurements are required to measure the quantum states. Moreover, <span>GqOT</span> also provides long-term security, ensuring a significant solution to the problem LBS addresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100811"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resilience analysis of quantum network against targeted attacks: Recovery via rerouting and purification 量子网络对目标攻击的弹性分析：通过重路由和净化恢复

IF 1.9 4区计算机科学

Optical Switching and Networking Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.osn.2025.100810

Hilal Sultan Duranoglu Tunc , Abebu Ademe Bayleyegn , Joachim Notcker , Riccardo Bassoli , Frank H.P. Fitzek

{"title":"Resilience analysis of quantum network against targeted attacks: Recovery via rerouting and purification","authors":"Hilal Sultan Duranoglu Tunc , Abebu Ademe Bayleyegn , Joachim Notcker , Riccardo Bassoli , Frank H.P. Fitzek","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2025.100810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum networks are essential for secure quantum communication and distributed quantum computing. However, their performance is highly vulnerable to targeted attacks that disrupt entanglement distribution, leading to significant network degradation. To address this challenge, we propose two heuristic routing algorithms Quantum Entanglement Distribution Algorithm 1 (QEDA1) and Quantum Entanglement Distribution Algorithm 2 (QEDA2) that minimize loss of fidelity by reducing the number of intermediate nodes while optimizing entanglement swapping and purification strategies. In QEDA1 we only applied purification as a recovery mechanism, while in QEDA2 we utilized a purification-rerouting approach. Furthermore, unlike previous studies, which relied primarily on idealized or small-scale topologies, we evaluated our approach on a real-world network topology (Surfnet), analyzing throughput variations under both normal conditions and targeted attacks. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the algorithm in memory-assisted and memoryless quantum networks, demonstrating the impact of quantum memory on network resilience. In addition, we introduce an attack model based on centrality-driven node failures and propose a recovery mechanism that integrates rerouting and entanglement purification to mitigate the effects of targeted attacks. Our results indicate that QEDA2 is more effective in mitigating the effect of attacks on throughput. Moreover, our findings highlight the trade-offs between network robustness, resource allocation, and fidelity constraints, providing valuable insights for the design of resilient large-scale quantum networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 100810"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0