Optical Switching and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Modeling and upgrade of disaster-resilient interdependent networks using machine learning","authors":"Ferenc Mogyorósi,&nbsp;Péter Revisnyei,&nbsp;Alija Pašić","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent global emergencies emphasize the critical role of reliable communication networks. As dependence on critical infrastructures grows, the focus shifts from isolated failures to designing networks capable of withstanding disasters, taking into account their interdependence with infrastructures like the power grid. This paper investigates the problem of the disaster resilient upgrade of interdependent networks, focusing on enhancing network resilience during emergencies and ensuring a service-level agreement. We analyze how the interdependency between the networks affects the disaster resilience and propose heuristic methods for network operators to improve resilience against disasters. Furthermore, to address the challenge of hidden interdependencies, we present a novel approach using graph neural networks for predicting interdependency between networks based on historical data of failures. Using simulations with real networks and earthquake data, we demonstrate that limiting the number of interdependent edges per node significantly affects resilience. We show that if sufficient data is available graph neural networks can learn the connection between failures and interdependencies, and capable of predicting interdependencies. Additionally, we show that selecting appropriate upgrade methods can reduce network upgrade costs by up to 20%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-adjusting resilient control plane for virtual software-defined optical networks","authors":"Ferenc Mogyorósi,&nbsp;Péter Babarczi,&nbsp;Alija Pašić","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100792","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100792","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical networks must promptly respond to failures and efficiently handle dynamic traffic in order to fulfill their role as a critical infrastructure. Leveraging network softwarization and virtualization, virtual software-defined networks offer sufficient flexibility towards this goal by sharing the physical infrastructure among multiple tenants whose traffic must traverse the network hypervisor. In a resilient optical control plane each switch must be assigned to a primary and backup hypervisor instance through short control paths, which challenge will be addressed in this paper. First, we propose an intelligent greedy hypervisor placement heuristic which maximizes acceptance ratio for current, and preparedness for future requests. Secondly, we introduce a graph neural network model that can be seamlessly integrated with either our integer linear program or heuristic method to yield high-quality placements in significantly less time compared to our prior solutions. This enhancement renders our approach applicable to larger networks, significantly expanding its practical utility. Finally, we propose a self-adjusting hypervisor migration strategy, which continuously adapts the placement to the dynamically changing virtual network requests, thus, ensuring service continuity by avoiding frequent control plane reconfigurations. Through simulations we show that our hypervisor placement and migration strategies provide a balanced control load while they can handle a wide variety of changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100792"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NFV recovery strategies for critical services after massive failures in optical networks","authors":"Trond Vatten,&nbsp;Poul E. Heegaard,&nbsp;Yuming Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Today, more critical services than ever rely on the communication infrastructure of 5G and beyond, demanding resilient recovery strategies when disasters occur. The inherent uncertainty of disasters makes post-disaster recovery a complex challenge. Today’s solutions focus on external infrastructure, such as alternative power supply or ad-hoc UAVs, to restore communication. However, the programmable nature introduced in 5G also allows us to migrate (relocate) Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) to restore communication more efficiently. In this paper, we develop an experimental framework to evaluate the performance of recovery strategies utilizing VNF migration in an optical network. We demonstrate that selecting the appropriate post-disaster recovery strategy can significantly accelerate the restoration of critical services by several hours in some disaster scenarios. Furthermore, we create <em>ClusPRi</em>, a modification of the virtual resource allocation algorithm <em>ClusPR</em>. ClusPRi prioritizes critical traffic when allocating resources in a post-disaster scenario. We show that adding routing priority to the resource allocation algorithm further accelerates the restoration of critical communication in a disaster scenario.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 100790"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An architecture to improve performance of software-defined optical networks","authors":"Srija Chakraborty,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar Turuk,&nbsp;Bibhudatta Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2024.100783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The software-defined optical network (SDON) is a revolutionary approach in the field of optical networks. The separation of the control plane and data plane in software-defined networking (SDN) provides enhanced security and simplified network administration. Nevertheless, performance and control plane scalability are significant issues in SDN. SDN performance can be evaluated using parameters such as burst loss, delay, channel occupancy, packet loss, throughput, and average response time. The number of messages exchanged between the data plane and the control plane is used as a metric to determine controller scalability. As the network load increases, the controller experiences a higher flow of messages. It causes delay and burst loss in transmitting the burst. Occasionally, bursts exceed the capacity of the fixed-sized burstifier and are discarded because it takes a long time to identify a suitable route for the burst. Hence, it is essential to minimize the volume of messages exchanged between the control plane and the data plane to improve performance and controller scalability. In this paper, we propose a scalable SDN optical network architecture that minimizes the number of messages exchanged between the data plane and the control plane. We proposed mechanisms like channel reservation, transmission cycles, and guard time between cycles to enhance both the speed and the quality of burst transmission. Prior to transmission, resources or channels are allocated to bursts to minimize the possibility of burst collision and loss. The data plane comprises an optical burst switching (OBS) network, and the flow table entries are periodically updated to minimize inter-plane communication. We perform simulations to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed architecture with the existing state-of-the-art architecture reported in the literature. The proposed architecture performs better than the existing state-of-the-art in terms of metrics including burst loss, delay, channel occupancy, packet loss, throughput, average response time, and reduction in the number of messages exchanged between the data plane and the control plane. Experimental results indicate a 41% reduction in mean burst loss probability and a 40.5% reduction in mean burst sending delay compared to existing architectures. Additionally, 42.1% fewer messages are exchanged between the control plane and the data plane compared to the number of exchanged messages in existing architectures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100783"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141539461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A distance adaptive dual-hop routing algorithm for underwater optical wireless networks","authors":"Jing Ji,&nbsp;Yinkang Dai,&nbsp;Yang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Three main kinds of underwater wireless communication, which employ acoustic waves, radio frequency and optical waves, have attracted intensive research interests in recently years. Among them, the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) is characterized by high propagation speed and large transmission bandwidth. But, the optical waves in underwater environment are significantly affected by absorption and scattering effects, which limit their transmission range. In order to enhance the performance of UOWC, designing a transmission and energy efficiency routing algorithm has become a non-ignorable issue in UOWC. In this paper, a transmission distance adaptive dual-hop (TDAD) routing algorithm is proposed for underwater optical wireless networks (UOWNs) to improve their efficiency in packet-delivery and energy-consumption. Unlike the existing routing algorithms designed for UOWNs, which pre-set the transmission range of network nodes, the proposed TDAD algorithm adaptively selects the transmission range for each node according to the diversity of heterogeneous service requests and employs location and energy information in its dual-hop based routing procedure. Simulation results indicate that the proposed TDAD algorithm remarkably improves packet delivery rate with more balanced energy consumption when compared to the deviation angle-based single-hop (DAS) algorithm and the distributed sector-based (DS) routing algorithm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100782"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secured THz communication in photonic microcell networks based on spatial wave mixing of steered beams","authors":"Ming Che ,&nbsp;Hanwei Chen ,&nbsp;Yuta Ueda ,&nbsp;Kazutoshi Kato","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2024.100773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Future 6G communication systems are envisioned to expand their carrier frequency to the THz region, where a broad unexplored region of spectrum is available. With this expansion, THz wireless communication has the potential to achieve ultra-high data transmission rates of up to 100<!--> <!-->Gbit/s. However, as large amounts of data are transmitted in an open wireless environment, there are significant concerns regarding communication security due to the susceptibility to eavesdropping, interception, and jamming. In this work, we proposed a secure approach for THz wireless communication based on spatial wave mixing and flexible beam steering. To achieve this, two frequency-modulated THz waves, which are generated by photonic THz sources and carry encrypted information with true randomness, are mixed at a THz envelope detector with an exclusive-OR logic operation. We analyzed the possible spatial location for the THz detector to ensure a secure microcell network deployment. Our results demonstrate that the size of the decryptable region is directly dependent on the directivity and width of the emitted THz beam. To address this, we have developed an array antenna with integrated uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes (UTC-PDs), which is capable of generating THz waves while also improving the flexibility of beam pointing, allowing for greater control over the location and size of the decodable region. By controlling fiber-optic delay lines, we successfully demonstrated that the directional gain of a 200<!--> <!-->GHz wave is increased by 8<!--> <!-->dB through a 1 × 3 UTC-PD-integrated planar bowtie antenna (PBA) array, together with continuous beam steering from -20° to 10°. Additionally, using a 1 × 4 UTC-PD-integrated PBA array to emulate two encryption transmitters and a Femi-level managed barrier diode to detect spatially mixed THz waves, we successfully achieved a feasibility experiment for real-time 200<!--> <!-->Mbit/s location-based decryption in the 200<!--> <!-->GHz band. These results indicate that the proposed scheme is feasible for secured THz communication, and would be a powerful candidate to mitigate security risks in 6G microcell networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 100773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative visible light communications: An overview and outlook","authors":"Olumide Alamu ,&nbsp;Thomas O. Olwal ,&nbsp;Karim Djouani","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2024.100772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of data-intensive services and applications continues to drive the need for higher data rates in wireless communication systems, consequently depleting the radio frequency (RF) spectrum. Due to the unlicensed and enormous bandwidth available in the visible light (VL) spectrum, the emergence of visible light communication (VLC) has been considered a potential solution to alleviate the constraints associated with RF spectrum scarcity. However, the line-of-sight requirement and the inability of VL to penetrate opaque obstacles remain a daunting challenge in realizing a wider coverage area. The incorporation of cooperative communication in VLC systems serves as one of the primary solutions to address this challenge. Though various investigations are currently being conducted in this domain, a holistic report of various advances, solution approaches, and design challenges has not been captured in the open literature. Therefore, in this paper, our main goal is to present a review of the state-of-the-art research on cooperative VLC systems. Firstly, we provide a background discussion to establish the relationship between various components of cooperative VLC systems from a theoretical and analytical perspective. Secondly, we categorize various contributions in this direction under media access control (MAC), hybrid VLC-RF, power line communication-VLC (PLC-VLC), and VLC with energy harvesting. Based on the established categories, we identify various system design and evaluation methods, optimization problems, solution approaches adopted to tackle the problems, and their limitations. Thirdly, we identify various insights obtained from the presented papers that could serve as guidelines for practical system design. Finally, various design challenges and open areas for future research are identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140015943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ODRAD: An optical wireless DCN dynamic-bandwidth reconfiguration with AWGR and deep reinforcement learning","authors":"Kassahun Geresu,&nbsp;Huaxi Gu,&nbsp;Meaad Fadhel,&nbsp;Wenting Wei,&nbsp;Xiaoshan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2024.100771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid growth of Data Center Network (DCN) traffic has brought new challenges, such as limited bandwidth, high latency, and packet loss to existing DCNs based on electrical switches. Because of its theoretically unlimited bandwidth and faster data transmission speeds, optical switching can overcome the problems of electrically switched DCNs. Additionally, numerous research works have been devoted to optical wired DCNs. However, static and fixed-topology DCNs based on optical interconnects significantly limit their flexibility, scalability, and reconfigurability to provide adaptive bandwidth for traffic with heterogeneous characteristics. In this study, we propose and conduct performance evaluations on a reconfigurable optical wireless DCN architecture based on distributed Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA), and Arrayed Waveguide Grating Router (AWGR). Our architecture is called ODRAD (which stands for Optical Wireless DCN Dynamic-bandwidth Reconfiguration with AWGR and Deep Reinforcement Learning). A Mininet simulation model is established to further verify the reconfigurability of the ODRAD network for various server scales. Based on experimental verification, ODRAD achieves an average end-to-end server latency of <span><math><mrow><mn>5</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span> under a load of 99%. Compression results demonstrate a 17.36% improvement in packet rate latency performance compared to RotorNet and a 15.21% improvement compared to OPSquare at a load of 99% as the ODRAD network scales from 2,560 to 40,960 servers. Furthermore, ODRAD exhibits effective throughput across different routing protocols, DCN scales and loads.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 100771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139928859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel dynamic impairment-aware algorithm for modulation, core, and spectrum assignment in SDM-EONs","authors":"Jurandir C. Lacerda Jr. ,&nbsp;Adolfo V.T. Cartaxo ,&nbsp;André C.B. Soares","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2023.100763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2023.100763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Space-division multiplexed elastic optical networks<span> (SDM-EONs) utilizing multi-core fiber (MCF) have been considered to address the growing traffic demand in transport networks. The quality of transmission (QoT) of MCF-based SDM-EONs is affected by inter-core and intra-core physical layer<span> impairments (PLIs). This paper proposes an inter-core crosstalk-aware and intra-core impairment-aware algorithm for modulation, core, and spectrum assignment (CIA-MCSA) in MCF-based SDM-EONs. The CIA-MCSA considers PLI estimation in a dynamic traffic scenario and allocates new lightpaths using strategies to avoid blocking by insufficient QoT of the new lightpath and of already active lightpaths. Using numerical simulation, the performance of the CIA-MCSA is compared with five algorithms proposed by other authors, considering two distinct </span></span></span>network topologies<span>, heterogeneous traffic demands, and different levels of inter-core crosstalk. The results show that, when compared with the most competitive of the other algorithms, </span></span><span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span><span> CIA-MCSA achieves an average reduction of the request blocking probability by at least 33.87%; </span><span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> CIA-MCSA achieves an average reduction of the bandwidth blocking probability by at least 20.74%; and <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> CIA-MCSA increases the network spectrum utilization by at least 3.04%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71492238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A routing modulation and spectrum assignment algorithm for semi-filterless elastic optical networks","authors":"Junling Yuan ,&nbsp;Xuhong Li ,&nbsp;Qikun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Suping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2023.100764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2023.100764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Development of 5G/F5G technology leads to massive applications accessing to backbone networks, which requires the backbone networks to be upgraded. Semi-filterless elastic </span>optical network (semi-FEON) is a suitable technology to cheaply and gradually upgrade backbone networks. In semi-FEON, routing, modulation and spectrum assignment (RMSA) problem is one of the key issues. In this paper, we study the dynamic RMSA problem in semi-FEON and propose an RMSA algorithm. The algorithm includes three innovations: a K-shortest-subnet-paths (KSSP) algorithm is designed to search candidate paths in semi-FEON, a load-balancing-least-resources (LBLR) policy is introduced to re-sort the candidate paths, and a maximum-occupied-neighbors (MON) rule is proposed to assign spectrum resources to connection requests in semi-FEON. Simulation results show that the proposed KSSP-LBLR-MON algorithm outperforms the existing works in term of bandwidth </span>blocking probability. Concretely, the improvement ratio is greater than 59.98% and 66.64% in German-Net and Henan-Net, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 100764"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71512829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}