Revolutionizing optical networks: The integration and impact of large language models

IF 1.9 4区 计算机科学 Q3 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Sergio Cruzes
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The increasing complexity and scale of optical networks demand advanced automation frameworks capable of adapting to dynamic service requirements, physical-layer impairments, and multi-vendor environments. Traditional solutions—based on static rule sets or narrowly scoped machine learning models—struggle to manage real-time performance, heterogeneous data, and domain-specific variability. Large Language Models (LLMs), built on transformer architectures, offer a paradigm shift by enabling context-aware reasoning, multi-task generalization, and natural language interpretation. These models can automate configuration generation, fault diagnosis, alarm correlation, and routing and spectrum assignment (RSA), while enhancing Quality of Transmission (QoT) estimation and scenario modeling.
This article provides a comprehensive survey of current automation approaches in optical networks, including software-defined networking (SDN), intent-based networking (IBN), machine learning (ML)-based orchestration, and cognitive control architectures. Special attention is given to emerging paradigms that integrate LLMs for intent interpretation, fault analysis, configuration generation, and reasoning.
Building on these foundations, we propose a hybrid framework that integrates LLMs with Digital Twin (DT) technologies to enable closed-loop control, predictive optimization, and explainable, intent-driven decision-making. Telemetry streams feed both DT simulations and LLM-based reasoning agents, supporting proactive reconfiguration and fault mitigation. To address LLM limitations—such as hallucinations and inference latency —the framework incorporates prompt engineering, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG), domain-specific fine-tuning, and simulation-based validation.
The proposed architecture paves the way for resilient, autonomous, and sustainable optical networks that can self-optimize and adapt in real time.
革命性的光网络:大型语言模型的集成和影响
光网络日益增长的复杂性和规模要求先进的自动化框架能够适应动态服务需求、物理层缺陷和多供应商环境。基于静态规则集或范围狭窄的机器学习模型的传统解决方案难以管理实时性能、异构数据和特定于领域的可变性。建立在转换器架构上的大型语言模型(llm)通过支持上下文感知推理、多任务泛化和自然语言解释,提供了一种范式转换。这些模型可以自动生成配置、故障诊断、告警关联、路由和频谱分配(RSA),同时增强传输质量(QoT)估计和场景建模。本文全面介绍了当前光网络中的自动化方法,包括软件定义网络(SDN)、基于意图的网络(IBN)、基于机器学习(ML)的编排和认知控制架构。特别关注的是将llm集成到意图解释、故障分析、配置生成和推理的新兴范例。在此基础上,我们提出了一个将法学硕士与数字孪生(DT)技术集成在一起的混合框架,以实现闭环控制、预测优化和可解释的、意图驱动的决策。遥测流为DT模拟和基于llm的推理代理提供数据,支持主动重新配置和故障缓解。为了解决LLM的局限性——比如幻觉和推理延迟——框架结合了即时工程、检索增强生成(RAG)、特定领域的微调和基于仿真的验证。所提出的架构为弹性、自治和可持续的光网络铺平了道路,这些光网络可以实时自我优化和适应。
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来源期刊
Optical Switching and Networking
Optical Switching and Networking COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS-OPTICS
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
18.20%
发文量
29
审稿时长
77 days
期刊介绍: Optical Switching and Networking (OSN) is an archival journal aiming to provide complete coverage of all topics of interest to those involved in the optical and high-speed opto-electronic networking areas. The editorial board is committed to providing detailed, constructive feedback to submitted papers, as well as a fast turn-around time. Optical Switching and Networking considers high-quality, original, and unpublished contributions addressing all aspects of optical and opto-electronic networks. Specific areas of interest include, but are not limited to: • Optical and Opto-Electronic Backbone, Metropolitan and Local Area Networks • Optical Data Center Networks • Elastic optical networks • Green Optical Networks • Software Defined Optical Networks • Novel Multi-layer Architectures and Protocols (Ethernet, Internet, Physical Layer) • Optical Networks for Interet of Things (IOT) • Home Networks, In-Vehicle Networks, and Other Short-Reach Networks • Optical Access Networks • Optical Data Center Interconnection Systems • Optical OFDM and coherent optical network systems • Free Space Optics (FSO) networks • Hybrid Fiber - Wireless Networks • Optical Satellite Networks • Visible Light Communication Networks • Optical Storage Networks • Optical Network Security • Optical Network Resiliance and Reliability • Control Plane Issues and Signaling Protocols • Optical Quality of Service (OQoS) and Impairment Monitoring • Optical Layer Anycast, Broadcast and Multicast • Optical Network Applications, Testbeds and Experimental Networks • Optical Network for Science and High Performance Computing Networks
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