Optical Switching and Networking最新文献

{"title":"Static routing and spectrum allocation method for design of low-power elastic optical networks with multifiber environments","authors":"Takanori Kudo ,&nbsp;Tomotaka Kimura ,&nbsp;Yutaka Fukuchi ,&nbsp;Kouji Hirata","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This paper proposes a static Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) method to design low-power elastic optical networks<span>. In the elastic optical networks, data are transmitted via lightpaths, which are routes flexibly assigned frequency resources according to transmission distances and traffic demands. When designing the elastic optical networks with a static lightpath establishment policy, lightpaths are generally established so as to minimize </span></span>frequency bandwidth<span> allocated in order to save frequency resources necessary for constructing the networks. The proposed method focuses on not only this performance metric but also the power consumption<span><span> of optical amplifiers. An optical amplifier in an </span>optical fiber<span><span> works when any of optical signals pass through it, and thus in multifiber environments where each link consists of multiple optical fibers, lightpaths should be collectively amplified from the view point of the power efficiency. Therefore, the relationship between these two performance metrics is a trade-off. The proposed method develops an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation for the RSA problem taking the trade-off into account. Furthermore, the proposed method provides a </span>heuristic algorithm that performs route selection and frequency spectrum allocation for reducing the total power consumption of optical amplifiers while saving necessary frequency resources. Through numerical experiments, we show the performance of the proposed method.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2021.100604","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132006674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance optimization of OADM based DP-QPSK DWDM optical network with 37.5 GHz channel spacing","authors":"Neeraj Sharma ,&nbsp;Sunil Agrawal ,&nbsp;Vinod Kapoor","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2021.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Advanced modulation formats<span> like dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) along with the digital coherent receiver are enabling optical networks to provide </span></span>high spectral efficiency<span> (SE) over long-haul transmission reach. The DP-QPSK based dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system with 37.5 GHz channel spacing can provide extra throughput of 33% compared to 50 GHz channel spacing. However, at 37.5 GHz channel spacing, optical add-drop </span></span>multiplexers<span><span><span> (OADMs) at intermediate nodes, impact the performance of WDM based optical networks in terms of increased BER, thereby reducing transmission reach drastically. In this paper, we have analyzed with the help of numerical simulations, the performance of a differentially encoded eight-channel 112 Gb/s, OADM based DWDM optical network with a channel spacing of 37.5 GHz. We propose that the selection of optimum values of system parameters can result in reducing the impact of </span>crosstalk propagation and narrowband optical filtering introduced by a chain of OADMs at 37.5 GHz channel spacing. The paper exhibited that the selection of optimum values of parameters like filter order of multiplexer and </span>demultiplexer<span>, launch power per channel and filter taps of adaptive equalizer (AE) result in achieving minimum BER on all the channels over a long transmission reach up to 3600 km.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2021.100606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124804565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Passive Optical Network Research in the Last Decade","authors":"Kamran Ali Memon ,&nbsp;Rizwan Aslam Butt ,&nbsp;Khalid Hussain Mohammadani ,&nbsp;Bhagwan Das ,&nbsp;Sibghat Ullah ,&nbsp;Saleemullah Memon ,&nbsp;Noor ul Ain","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Passive optical networks (PONs) are the most successful broadband access solutions for its wide bandwidth, low-cost deployment worldwide, and maintenance. In the last decade, the diverse and prevalent research related to PONs sustains 330+ science citation index (SCI) articles per year, with 9.18 </span>average citations<span><span> per article, making it \"big literature data\". This article, for the first time, presents the graphical representation<span> of knowledge base, knowledge domain, and knowledge evolution of PON research using co-citation analysis based on 3381 SCI publications worldwide from 2010 to 2019 in bibliometric visualization tool- CiteSpace. The bibliographic analysis<span> focused on 528 important research articles, 34 hotspots, 155 research frontier keywords, 481 core authors, 185 cited authors, 58 countries, 254 institutions, and 118 journals. Based on the frequency of keywords, Modulation, WDM PON, Transmission, Semiconductor </span></span></span>optical amplifier<span><span><span>, and Dynamic bandwidth allocation are the dominant and turning points in the structural basis of PON research. The most prominent research hotspots appearing in recent years are Energy efficiency, NG-EPON, and Chaotic encryption. The trend of future research on PONs is from TWDM PON issues, fronthaul implementation in NG-PON2, 5G-PON and </span>encryption methods for </span>physical layer security. The leading core authors, institutes, countries, and journals were also identified related to the PON research. This analysis would serve as a comprehensive guide on the status and future research trends on PONs for the aspirant researchers.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92076571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive chaotic hurricane-aided efficient power assignment for elastic optical networks","authors":"Layhon R.R. dos Santos ,&nbsp;Taufik Abrão","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The proposed adaptive power control based on the chaotic hurricane search optimization (A-CHSO) for elastic optical networks (EON)s dynamically and efficiently adjusts the power increasing (</span><em>r</em>₀<span><span>) parameter taking into account the quality of transmission (QoT), which is measured by the optical performance monitors (OPM)s. For sake of comparison, three alternative power assignment methods are analyzed, the analytical gradient descent (GD), as well as two low-complexity methods, namely the egoistic </span>power allocation (EPA) and the enough power allocation (EnPA). Numerical results demonstrate a promising performance-complexity trade-off for the A-CHSO regarding the GD, EPA and EnPA methods, as well as a substantial network margin reduction, energy efficiency increasing, and cost reduction. The A-CHSO has been proved to be an efficient power allocation (PA) method for operation in EONs, corroborating the dynamical and flexible aspects of the EONs.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100595","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126160757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical link monitoring in fibre-to-the-x passive optical network (FTTx PON): A comprehensive survey","authors":"Auwalu Usman ,&nbsp;Nadiatulhuda Zulkifli ,&nbsp;Mohd Rashidi Salim ,&nbsp;Kharina Khairi ,&nbsp;Asrul Izam Azmi","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>As optical fibre<span> reaches deeper into passive optical network (PON) in fibre-to-the-x (FTTx) networks, maintaining the integrity of these networks is indeed imperative. Essentially, best practices have been established throughout the installation and verification of the fibre access network. Equally significant is monitoring the optical fibre </span></span>performance degradation in-service to ascertain efficient service delivery, as well as to guarantee </span>service level agreement<span>. Nevertheless, a minor failure in PON may lead to massive loss of data stemming from inherent passivity of network elements in optical distribution network<span><span>, thus resulting in customer dissatisfaction and escalated operational expenses borne by network operators. Unfortunately, testing and monitoring optical layer have become rather intricate due to the rapid evolution of PON technology. Hence, an efficient optical layer monitoring system equipped with complete monitoring capabilities may substantially enhance the quality of service. Having that said, this study presents a review pertaining to the progress on the performance of available approaches for </span>optical link monitoring system in PON. Recent advances in improving the performance of the optical link monitoring system, such as measurement accuracy, measurement speed, signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio, spatial resolution, and dynamic range, were investigated. Additionally, the performances of the existing approaches based on optical monitoring specifications were compared to identify an ideal monitoring framework. Finally, this paper discusses several challenges and prospects for future endeavours in formulating an effective optical link monitoring system in PON.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100596","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92076586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The flexible resource management in optical data center networks based on machine learning and SDON","authors":"Congying Zhi ,&nbsp;Wei Ji ,&nbsp;Rui Yin ,&nbsp;Jinku Feng ,&nbsp;Hongji Xu ,&nbsp;Zheng Li ,&nbsp;Yannan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Based on software defined optical network and </span>machine learning<span>, the flexible resource management mechanism (ML-FRM) is proposed, which meets the resource requirements of different services in the optical data center<span><span><span> networks. The machine learning is integrated to the SDON controller, which accomplishes the resource allocation algorithms according to the classification and clustering results. ML-FRM firstly utilizes </span>unsupervised learning<span><span> K-means algorithm to cluster traffic flows, and uses supervised learning support vector machine (SVM) algorithm to realize hierarchical classification of channel qualities. Fragmentation-Function-Fit algorithm is proposed to reduce the </span>blocking probability, the results show that it has the lower blocking probability than First-Fit and Exact-First-Fit algorithms. ML-FRM allocates the required resources through different algorithms based on different traffic flow clustering results, and uses different </span></span>modulation methods for different channel qualities. The analysis results show that ML-FRM has lower blocking probability, acceptable complexity level, and higher spectrum resource utilization efficiency than other algorithms under different offered load level.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100594","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92001348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elastic optical network with spectrum slicing for fragmented bandwidth allocation","authors":"Nattapong Kitsuwan ,&nbsp;Praphan Pavarangkoon ,&nbsp;Avishek Nag","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) allow the channel spacing and the </span>spectral width<span><span> of an optical signal to be dynamically adjusted and hence have become an important paradigm in managing the heterogeneous bandwidth demands of optical backbone networks<span>. The entire available optical spectrum is divided into some spectrum slots which define the smallest </span></span>granularity<span> of bandwidth and optical signals with variable bandwidths can occupy different number of such slots. The constraints imposed by the physical layer of an EON require that the slots occupied by an optical signal from source to destination have to be consecutive and contiguous in terms of their relative position in the optical spectrum. Furthermore, the same spectrum slots need to be reserved throughout the entire optical signal's path from its source to destination. The above constraints make the routing and spectrum allocation (RSA) in EONs very challenging because unavailability of enough spectrum slots that together equals the spectral width of the optical signal associated with an end-to-end request, will result in blocking of the request. Recent developments in the physical layer technologies have made all-optical ‘slicing’ of a request possible and make the request to be ‘fit’ into multiple non-consecutive spectral slots in an EON. But these all-optical ‘slicers’ employ complex technologies and can be very costly to employ. In this paper, we propose a spectrum allocation scheme for an EON node architecture with these ‘slicers’ and we also formulate a modified RSA scheme for EONs employing slicers, both as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model and a </span></span></span>heuristic algorithm. Our main aim is to analyze the tradeoff between the number of slicers that can be used per node versus the spectrum utilization and bandwidth blocking rate. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme with slicers can significantly improve bandwidth blocking rate, compared to the conventional scheme without slicer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100583","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131657545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey on challenges of Spatial Division Multiplexing enabled elastic optical networks","authors":"Ítalo Brasileiro,&nbsp;Lucas Costa,&nbsp;André Drummond","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Elastic Optical Networks (EON) emerge as a viable solution to support the current growing demand for bandwidth. With the application of multi-core fibers (MCF) in EON links, it is possible to increase the availability of </span>spectral resources and explore the spatial dimension. An EON network with MCF enables Space-Division Multiplexing (SDM), allowing the use of more resources in fibers and increasing the capacity of attending circuit requests. However, the use of SDM brings some problems of interference between the circuits in fiber, with greater emphasis on inter-core </span>crosstalk interference. In this survey, some important concepts around EON are presented, along with the characterization of SDM supporting equipment. The impact of crosstalk interference between fiber cores is discussed, with the elements responsible for its occurrence. The Routing, Modulation, Spectrum, and Core Allocation (RMSCA) problem is also characterized, and some solutions currently found in the literature are evaluated. The goal is to show the performance of different allocation techniques, in terms of the circuit blocking ratio. This survey is concluded with an evaluation of the state-of-art, and a presentation of the main challenges found from a systematic review of the related literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100584","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72280428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A performance study of dynamic routing algorithm for SDM translucent optical networks with assistive storage","authors":"Wojciech Kmiecik,&nbsp;Krzysztof Walkowiak","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we focus on dynamic lightpath provisioning in translucent spectrally spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) created with a combination of both spectral (EON) and spatial (SDM) flexibility. We utilize the distance-adaptive transmission (DAT) in order to select a modulation for request and routing path in a flexible manner. Moreover, we assume that the signal regeneration is realized with the application of optical transceivers operating in a back-to-back (B2B) configuration. Finally, we propose a novel routing framework for SS-FONs, which involves performing Store-and-Forward (SnF) using Assistive Storage (AS), to reduce peak traffic demand and to better the utilization of network bandwidth. We design different test scenarios, varying in Assistive Storage availability, with and without modulation conversion during the B2B regeneration process and different real-life network topologies. In order to be able to compare the results of test scenarios, we propose a dynamic routing algorithm named adaptive routing with B2B regeneration and Assistive Storage (ARB2BAS) that solves routing, space and spectrum allocation (RSSA) optimization problem. We study how different flexibility aspect affects the network blocking performance, namely the Bandwidth Blocking Probability (BBP) metric. The obtained results show that the proper selection of an algorithm (scenario) has a significant impact on network performance in terms of the blocking probability. Moreover, introducing Assistive Storage enables the network to serve more requests for all of the studied B2B scenarios and network topologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100572","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72280430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An automated negotiation framework for application-aware transport network services","authors":"Antonio Marsico ,&nbsp;Marco Savi ,&nbsp;Domenico Siracusa ,&nbsp;Elio Salvadori","doi":"10.1016/j.osn.2020.100571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Application-centric networking proposes a novel approach to provision connectivity services in transport networks based on application-specific requirements. By exploiting this paradigm, an application can request a service with several requirements to a generic control and management plane, which can leverage this information to differentiate a service on the overall network layers. However, an application-centric provisioning can lead to higher blocking probability when satisfying multiple requirements at the same time, thus impacting negatively both network operators and applications. This paper proposes a framework for the </span><em>negotiation</em> of connectivity services between a transport network and the applications running on top. In particular, an application can communicate its requirements to it and, in case of resource scarcity (either in term of bandwidth, latency, availability, etc.), the network can offer alternative solutions with a <em>degraded</em><span> service quality. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is proved by the lower blocking probability experienced by the service requests against a standard approach lacking negotiation capabilities, without in turn causing significant service degradation to the applications. In addition, the paper describes the software architecture behind the negotiation framework and its implementation on top of the ONOS SDN controller.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":54674,"journal":{"name":"Optical Switching and Networking","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.osn.2020.100571","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72280431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}