Ornithological Monographs最新文献

{"title":"DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS OF INVASION AND HYBRIDIZATION BY STRIX SPP. IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA","authors":"W. Monahan, R. Hijmans","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2007)63[55:DDOIAH]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2007)63[55:DDOIAH]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how hybridization may affect extant and emerging taxa requires knowledge of the origins, viability, and breeding tendencies of hybrid individuals. We examined the geographic and environmental underpinnings of invasion and hybridization among native North American members of the genus Strix. In the early 20th century, the Barred Owl (S. varia) started expanding westward through southern Canada. Since 1973, the species has been invading habitats of the Spotted Owl (S. occidentalism usually displacing but occasionally hybridizing with two Spotted Owl subspecies (S. o. occidentalis and S. o. caurina) to yield viable offspring that often disperse long distances before breeding. Given the high dispersal capabilities of the hybrids, questions remain as to whether hybrid offspring are preferentially colonizing environments that are characteristically different from their natal territories. Further questions surround the proximate origins of the Barred Owl range expansion. We show that the westward range expansion of the Barred Owl was spatiotemporally concomitant with historical increases in summer temperature and that the expansion corridor was positioned at relatively high latitudes because of habitat restrictions. These results provide quantitative support to previous claims that that the Barred Owl range expansion was largely shaped by natural processes. We also show that first filial Barred x Spotted hybrid owls occupy similar environments before and after postnatal dispersal and are randomly distributed both geographically and climatically with respect to parentals. We discuss the climatic mechanisms that may be influencing these dynamics, and conclude with implications for conservation of Strix spp. Received 5 July 2006, accepted 5 February 2007. Resumen.Para entender como la hibridacion puede afectar a taxones existentes y emergentes, se necesita conocer los origenes, la viabilidad y las tendencias de apareamiento de los individuos hibridos. En este trabajo, examinamos las bases geograficas y ambientales de la invasion e hibridacion entre miembros del genero Strix, nativos de Norte America. A principios del siglo 20, S. varia comenzo a expandirse desde el oeste hacia el sur de Canada. Desde 1973, la especie ha invadido habitats de S. occidentalis, generalmente desplazandolo, aunque ocasionalmente hibridando con dos de sus subespecies (S. o. occidentalis y S. o. caurina) y produciendo una progenie viable que normalmente se dispersa a grandes distancias antes de reproducirse. Dada la gran capacidad de dispersion de los hibridos, nos preguntamos si su descendencia coloniza preferentemente ambientes distintos de sus territorios de origen. Cabe tambien preguntarse por el origen de la expansion del rango de S. varia. Nuestros resultados muestran que la expansion de su rango hacia el oeste esta relacionada historicamente con un aumento de las temperaturas estivales; ademas, el corredor de la expansion se localizo a latitudes altas, esto de","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"50 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Analysis of Genetic, Stable Isotope, and Banding Data Reveal Migratory Connectivity and Flyways in the Northern Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia; aestiva Group)","authors":"M. Boulet, H. Gibbs, K. Hobson","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)61[29:IAOGSI]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)61[29:IAOGSI]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"61 1","pages":"29-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE PAST AND PRESENT OF MIGRATORY CONNECTIVITY","authors":"M. Boulet, D. Norris","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)61[1:TPAPOM]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)61[1:TPAPOM]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"degree to which two or more periods of the annual cycle are geographically linked. The term was first proposed by a group of scientists during a workshop on \"Connectivity of Migratory Birds\" in October 2000 sponsored by the National Science Foundation (Webster et al. 2002, Rubenstein and Hobson 2004). The renewed interest in tracking birds over long distances arose, in part, from the application of two intrinsic markers: stable isotopes and genetic markers, such as microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Because each individual carries information about its origin in its tissues, the advantage of using intrinsic markers is that an individual needs to be captured only once to estimate its geographic origin in a previous season (Wenink and Baker 1996, Chamberlain et al. 1997, Haig et al. 1997, Hobson and Wassenaar 1997). Measuring migratory connectivity was also driven by the long-standing interest in identifying factors that limit populations in different periods of the annual cycle and understanding how events interact between periods to influence populations (Fretwell 1972, Holmes and Sherry 1992, Sherry and Holmes 1995, Marra et al. 1998). Without knowledge of how populations are spatially distributed between these periods, it is virtually impossible to understand how events in different periods of the year influence abundance (Webster and Marra 2005, Marra et al. 2006). Below, we review the definition of migratory connectivity, briefly outline the history of this field of study, and provide an update on recent studies that have used multiple intrinsic markers to describe migration patterns. A Definition","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"61 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WEST NILE VIRUS IN NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS","authors":"R. Mclean","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[44:WNVINA]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[44:WNVINA]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"Nile historical in the this mosquito- caused an intense outbreak in local bird populations and a small epidemic in the associated human population. West Nile virus became established in this focal area, and in 2000 it spread north and south from there during the summer transmission season. The virus continued to expand during the six years, ultimately aff ecting all the continental states and most of North America. The strain of WNV introduced was uncharacteristically virulent as a disease agent in native avian species in North America. Corvid species, particularly the American Crow ( Corvus brachyrhynchos ), were aff ected the most, and mortality in American Crows and other corvid species was used as a sensitive sentinel system to detect the presence and movement of the virus through a public-health-reporting and laboratory-testing national surveillance program. American Crows were also the earliest indicator of virus activity in most locations and a useful predictor of human cases. The temporal and spatial pa(cid:11) ern and rapidity of the continental spread of WNV, as detected by the national surveillance system, matched the semiannual migratory movements of hundreds of millions of North American birds.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"60 1","pages":"44-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF WEST NILE VIRUS MORTALITY ON SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF AN AMERICAN CROW (CORVUS BRACHYRHYNCHOS) POPULATION IN UPSTATE NEW YORK","authors":"A. Clark, D. Robinson, K. McGowan","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[65:EOWNVM]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[65:EOWNVM]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"In a marked population of cooperatively breeding American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) studied for 17 years in Ithaca, New York, the effect of West Nile virus (WNV) was local but dramatic during 2002-2003. In two consecutive years, >35% of American Crows in well-known families died or disappeared between late July and early October, the primary WNV season in the state of New York. West Nile virus was confirmed as the cause of death in nearly all tested birds. Risk of mortality did not differ with age, sex, or breeding status of birds, but adult mortality increased 10-fold and juvenile mortality 3-fold above normal levels for this population as measured during 1990-1998. Four times as many breeders died during August-October as disappeared during an entire year between 1995 and 1998. Social effects were assessed by comparing changes from 2001, before WNV was present, through 2005, two years after the high mortality of 2003. Although no significant decreases in group size, frequency of helping, average age of breeders, or territory density were observed after two years of WNV presence, the direction of most changes suggested that repeated years of WNV presence would likely affect social structure. Unusual social events, including female territory-budding and adoption of and subsequent helping by unrelated juveniles, were documented in 2004-2005. American Crows filled territory vacancies very slowly. The presence of breeding-age auxiliaries on territories may counter rapid social change and breeding declines in cooperatively breeding crow populations, but repeated years of such high mortality are likely to cause both significant social disruption and severe population declines among American Crows. Received 5 August 2005, accepted 30 November 2005. Resumen.El efecto de el virus del Oeste del Nilo (VON) fue especifico pero dramatico durante el 2002-2003, en una poblacion marcada de Corvus brachyrhynchos que presentaban reproduccion cooperativa la cual fue estudiada durante 17 anos en Ithaca, Nueva York. En dos afios consecutivos mas del 35% de Corvus brachyrhynchos pertenecientes a familias conocidas murieron o desaparecieron entre finales de Julio y principios de Octubre, coincidiendo con la primera temporada del VON en el estado de Nueva York. Se confirmo que el virus del Oeste del Nilo fue la causa de mortalidad e casi todas las aves examinadas. El riego de mortalidad no fue diferente con la edad, sexo o estado de apareamiento de las aves, pero la mortalidad de adultos y juveniles se incremento diez y tres veces, respectivamente, arriba de los niveles normales para esta poblacion de acuerdo a los datos obtenidos durante 1990-1998. La mortalidad de individuos en reproduccion durante los meses de Agosto-Octubre fue cuatro veces mayor que los individuos que desaparecieron durante un ano completo entre 1995 y 1998. La evaluacion de los efectos sociales se realizo mediante la comparacion de cambios desde el 2001, antes de que el VON estuviera presente","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"60 1","pages":"65-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WEST NILE VIRUS IN THE PERMANENT-RESIDENT BIRD COMMUNITY OF A FRAGMENTED OHIO LANDSCAPE","authors":"J. S. Marshall, D. Zuwerink, R. Restifo, T. Grubb","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[79:WNVITP]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[79:WNVITP]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"We surveyed the permanent-resident bird community of a fragmented Ohio landscape for West Nile virus (WNV) antibodies to determine which species carried antibodies, what percentage of the individuals in each species carried antibodies, and whether antibodies were retained from one year to the next. Eight of 20 species carried antibodies in at least one year. For species with >10 captures, the seroprevalence ranged from <1% in Downy Woodpeckers (Picoides pubescens) to 33% in Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis). About 10 young-of-the-year were seropositive each year, which indicates the presence of active viral transmission in the preceding summer. All four seropositive birds from year one that were recaptured in year two were seropositive again, indicating that in at least two species, antibodies may persist. These results suggest that permanent-resident birds are either largely unaffected by WNV or are generally susceptible to mortality when infected with it. The exception is the Northern Cardinal, which may be an important reservoir species for the virus. Seroprevalence in Northern Cardinals was high in both years, and females had higher seroprevalence than males. Received 30 April 2005, accepted 23 November 2005. Resumen.Estudiamos una comunidad permanentes de aves residentes en una region fragmentada del estado de Ohio para detectar cuales especies de aves eran portadoras de anticuerpos del virus del Oeste del Nilo (VON), asi como determinar que porcentaje de individuos en cada especies eran portadores de anticuerpos y si estos anticuerpos eran conservados de un ano al otro. De 20 especies de aves, ocho eran portadoras de anticuerpos en al menos un ano. Para las especies con mas de 10 capturas, el rango de la sero-frecuencia fue de menos del 1% en Picoides pubescens hasta 33% en Cardinalis cardinalis. Alrededor de 10 juveniles fueron sero-positivos cada ano, lo que indica la presencia de una infeccion viral activa en el verano anterior. Las cuatro aves sero-positivas del ano uno que fueron recapturadas en el ano dos fueron sero-positivas nuevamente, indicando que en al menos dos especies, los anticuerpos pueden subsistir. Estos resultados sugieren que las aves residentes son ampliamente no afectadas por el VON o que son por lo general susceptibles a mortalidad cuando son infectadas con el virus. La exception es Cardinalis cardinalis, la cual puede ser un hospedero importante para el virus. La sero-frecuencia en Cardinalis cardinalis fue alta en ambos afios, y las hembras tuvieron una sero-frecuencia mayor que los machos. Since West Nile virus (WNV) appeared in North America, researchers have studied its effects on several different groups of birds (Beckwith et al. 2001, Bernard et al. 2001, McLean et al. 2001, Komar et al. 2003). They have studied migrants to determine how the virus spreads (Rappole et al. 2000), summer residents to determine how and when the virus emerges, and susceptible groups like corvids to determine why some birds","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"60 1","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migratory connectivity of a widely distributed songbird, the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla)","authors":"D. Norris, P. Marra, G. Bowen, L. Ratcliffe, J. Andrew Royle, T. K. Kyser","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)61[14:MCOAWD]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)61[14:MCOAWD]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"61 1","pages":"14-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AVIAN INFLUENZA IN WILD BIRDS: STATUS AS RESERVOIRS, AND RISKS TO HUMANS AND AGRICULTURE","authors":"L. Clark, Jeffrey S. Hall","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[3:AIIWBS]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[3:AIIWBS]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Seruices, National Wildlift Research Center, 4101 La Porte Avenue, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA A~s~~~c~.-InfluenzaA viruses are naturally reservoired in wild bird populations, in which they generally exist as low-pathogenic subtypes. Historically, concern about avian influenza virus (AIV) in wild birds is related to its potential effects on agriculture and human health, and not to health issues of wild bird populations. Several subtypes (primarily H5 and H7) have caused severe outbreaks of disease in domestic bird populations. In some cases, genetic and spatial temporal analyses suggest that these high-pathogenic subtypes may originate in wild bird populations that transmit low-pathogenic forms to domestic birds; after passage in domestic birds, the low-pathogenic subtypes convert to high-pathogenic subtypes. These observations suggest that monitoring AIV activity in wild bird populations, especially waterfowl, may improve risk assessment for poultry producers. Other cases, as exemplified by recent outbreaks of H5N1, suggest that the highly pathogenic subtypes have spilled over into wild populations from domestic production and live-bird markets in Asia. The risk paths (i.e. how the virus gets from waterfowl to domestic birds or vice versa) are not well understood and should be the subject of further research. The number of outbreaks of high-pathogenic AIV is increasing, as is the number of domestic birds that are culled in efforts to contain the spread of infection. These efforts have enormous economic implications. Surveillance has been focused on domestic production of these species. The role of the natural disease ecology of feral swine and quail in generation of avian and human reassortants has not been investigated, but is an area of concern. Direct transmission from birds to humans or other mammals is also possible, as evidenced by human infections ca~~sed by H9N2. Because the H5N1 subtype has become endemic to Southeast Asia, and because the human population is immunologically na'ive, the concern of a pandemic is increased. Although there is little anyone can do about the natural reservoir of AIV in birds, increased information about how the viruses are maintained, transmitted, and moved across the landscape in nature would provide valuable information about agricultural and human-health risk assessment. Received 5 August 2005, accepted 8 January 2006. RESUMEN.-LOSvirus de la influenza A se encuentran de manera natural en las poblaciones de aves silvestres, donde por lo general se encuentran como subtipos de baja patogenesis. Anteriormente, la preocupacion sobre el virus de la influenza avicola (VIA) en aves silvestres, estaba relacionada con 10s efectos potenciales en la agricultura y en la salud humana, y no en asuntos sobre la salud de las poblaciones de aves silvestres. Algunos subtipos, especialmente H5 y H7, han causado severos brotes","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"3-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOUSE FINCH (CARPODACUS MEXICANUS) POPULATION-AND GROUP-LEVEL RESPONSES TO A BACTERIAL DISEASE","authors":"W. Hochachka, A. Dhondt","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[30:HFCMPG]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[30:HFCMPG]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"60 1","pages":"30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF SEABIRDS ON ISLA GENOVESA, GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS","authors":"Luis R. Padilla, Luis R. Padilla, N. Whiteman, Jane Merkel, K. Huyvaert, P. Parker","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[86:HAOSOI]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2006)60[86:HAOSOI]2.0.CO;2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"60 1","pages":"86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67383639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}