{"title":"DISTRIBUTIONAL DYNAMICS OF INVASION AND HYBRIDIZATION BY STRIX SPP. IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA","authors":"W. Monahan, R. Hijmans","doi":"10.1642/0078-6594(2007)63[55:DDOIAH]2.0.CO;2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how hybridization may affect extant and emerging taxa requires knowledge of the origins, viability, and breeding tendencies of hybrid individuals. We examined the geographic and environmental underpinnings of invasion and hybridization among native North American members of the genus Strix. In the early 20th century, the Barred Owl (S. varia) started expanding westward through southern Canada. Since 1973, the species has been invading habitats of the Spotted Owl (S. occidentalism usually displacing but occasionally hybridizing with two Spotted Owl subspecies (S. o. occidentalis and S. o. caurina) to yield viable offspring that often disperse long distances before breeding. Given the high dispersal capabilities of the hybrids, questions remain as to whether hybrid offspring are preferentially colonizing environments that are characteristically different from their natal territories. Further questions surround the proximate origins of the Barred Owl range expansion. We show that the westward range expansion of the Barred Owl was spatiotemporally concomitant with historical increases in summer temperature and that the expansion corridor was positioned at relatively high latitudes because of habitat restrictions. These results provide quantitative support to previous claims that that the Barred Owl range expansion was largely shaped by natural processes. We also show that first filial Barred x Spotted hybrid owls occupy similar environments before and after postnatal dispersal and are randomly distributed both geographically and climatically with respect to parentals. We discuss the climatic mechanisms that may be influencing these dynamics, and conclude with implications for conservation of Strix spp. Received 5 July 2006, accepted 5 February 2007. Resumen.Para entender como la hibridacion puede afectar a taxones existentes y emergentes, se necesita conocer los origenes, la viabilidad y las tendencias de apareamiento de los individuos hibridos. En este trabajo, examinamos las bases geograficas y ambientales de la invasion e hibridacion entre miembros del genero Strix, nativos de Norte America. A principios del siglo 20, S. varia comenzo a expandirse desde el oeste hacia el sur de Canada. Desde 1973, la especie ha invadido habitats de S. occidentalis, generalmente desplazandolo, aunque ocasionalmente hibridando con dos de sus subespecies (S. o. occidentalis y S. o. caurina) y produciendo una progenie viable que normalmente se dispersa a grandes distancias antes de reproducirse. Dada la gran capacidad de dispersion de los hibridos, nos preguntamos si su descendencia coloniza preferentemente ambientes distintos de sus territorios de origen. Cabe tambien preguntarse por el origen de la expansion del rango de S. varia. Nuestros resultados muestran que la expansion de su rango hacia el oeste esta relacionada historicamente con un aumento de las temperaturas estivales; ademas, el corredor de la expansion se localizo a latitudes altas, esto debido a restricciones en el habitat. Estos resultados apoyan cuantitativamente las hipotesis de que la expansion del rango de distribucion de S. varia estuvo determinada por procesos naturales. Ademas, mostramos que los hibridos descendientes del cruce S. varia x S. occidentalis ocupan ambientes similares, tanto climatica como geograficamente, al de los parentales, presentando, ademas, una distribucion aleatoria. Discutimos los mecanismos climaticos que podrian estar influenciando estas dinamicas y concluimos con implicaciones para la conservacion de Strix. 1 E-mail: monahan@berkeley.edu 2Present address: International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Manila, Philippines.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"50 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"16","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ornithological Monographs","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0078-6594(2007)63[55:DDOIAH]2.0.CO;2","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Abstract
Understanding how hybridization may affect extant and emerging taxa requires knowledge of the origins, viability, and breeding tendencies of hybrid individuals. We examined the geographic and environmental underpinnings of invasion and hybridization among native North American members of the genus Strix. In the early 20th century, the Barred Owl (S. varia) started expanding westward through southern Canada. Since 1973, the species has been invading habitats of the Spotted Owl (S. occidentalism usually displacing but occasionally hybridizing with two Spotted Owl subspecies (S. o. occidentalis and S. o. caurina) to yield viable offspring that often disperse long distances before breeding. Given the high dispersal capabilities of the hybrids, questions remain as to whether hybrid offspring are preferentially colonizing environments that are characteristically different from their natal territories. Further questions surround the proximate origins of the Barred Owl range expansion. We show that the westward range expansion of the Barred Owl was spatiotemporally concomitant with historical increases in summer temperature and that the expansion corridor was positioned at relatively high latitudes because of habitat restrictions. These results provide quantitative support to previous claims that that the Barred Owl range expansion was largely shaped by natural processes. We also show that first filial Barred x Spotted hybrid owls occupy similar environments before and after postnatal dispersal and are randomly distributed both geographically and climatically with respect to parentals. We discuss the climatic mechanisms that may be influencing these dynamics, and conclude with implications for conservation of Strix spp. Received 5 July 2006, accepted 5 February 2007. Resumen.Para entender como la hibridacion puede afectar a taxones existentes y emergentes, se necesita conocer los origenes, la viabilidad y las tendencias de apareamiento de los individuos hibridos. En este trabajo, examinamos las bases geograficas y ambientales de la invasion e hibridacion entre miembros del genero Strix, nativos de Norte America. A principios del siglo 20, S. varia comenzo a expandirse desde el oeste hacia el sur de Canada. Desde 1973, la especie ha invadido habitats de S. occidentalis, generalmente desplazandolo, aunque ocasionalmente hibridando con dos de sus subespecies (S. o. occidentalis y S. o. caurina) y produciendo una progenie viable que normalmente se dispersa a grandes distancias antes de reproducirse. Dada la gran capacidad de dispersion de los hibridos, nos preguntamos si su descendencia coloniza preferentemente ambientes distintos de sus territorios de origen. Cabe tambien preguntarse por el origen de la expansion del rango de S. varia. Nuestros resultados muestran que la expansion de su rango hacia el oeste esta relacionada historicamente con un aumento de las temperaturas estivales; ademas, el corredor de la expansion se localizo a latitudes altas, esto debido a restricciones en el habitat. Estos resultados apoyan cuantitativamente las hipotesis de que la expansion del rango de distribucion de S. varia estuvo determinada por procesos naturales. Ademas, mostramos que los hibridos descendientes del cruce S. varia x S. occidentalis ocupan ambientes similares, tanto climatica como geograficamente, al de los parentales, presentando, ademas, una distribucion aleatoria. Discutimos los mecanismos climaticos que podrian estar influenciando estas dinamicas y concluimos con implicaciones para la conservacion de Strix. 1 E-mail: monahan@berkeley.edu 2Present address: International Rice Research Institute, DAPO 7777, Manila, Philippines.