Ornithological Monographs最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of Juvenile Survival in Birds","authors":"T. Maness, D. J. Anderson","doi":"10.1525/OM.2013.78.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2013.78.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The survival probability of birds during the juvenile period, between the end of parental care and adulthood, is highly variable and has a major effect on population dynamics and parental fitness. As such, a large number of studies have attempted to evaluate potential predictors of juvenile survival in birds, especially predictors related to parental care. Lack’s hypothesis linking body reserves accumulated from parental care to the survival of naive juveniles has organized much of this research, but various other predictors have also been investigated and received some support. We reviewed the literature in this area and identified a variety of methodological problems that obscure interpretation of the body of results. Most studies adopted statistical techniques that missed the opportunities to (1) evaluate the relative importance of several predictors, (2) control the confounding effect of correlation among predictor variables, and (3) exploit the information content of collinearity by evaluati...","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2013.78.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Skeleton of Hummingbirds (Aves: Apodiformes, Trochilidae) in Functional and Phylogenetic Contexts","authors":"R. Zusi","doi":"10.1525/OM.2013.77.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2013.77.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Historically, comparative study of the skeleton of hummingbirds has focused on systematics, emphasizing differences between hummingbirds and other birds and only rarely addressing differences within Trochilidae. This monograph covers both approaches, and comparisons within Trochilidae are framed within recently published, plausible phylogenetic hypotheses. The data are derived mainly from museum collections of anatomical specimens, covering ~256 species of 102 genera of hummingbirds, and 11 genera of other Apodiformes. Although the syringeal skeleton is included, emphasis is on the axial and appendicular skeletons. The first section deals with the syrinx and with skeletal features mainly associated with nectarivory and hovering, emphasizing characters that are unique to hummingbirds within Apodiformes. The syrinx of hummingbirds lies in the neck rather than the thorax and displays a unique bony knob on the surface of the tympanic membrane. During posthatching development, the upper jaw of humming...","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2013.77.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity, Prevalence, and Host Specificity of Avian Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in a Western Amazon Assemblage","authors":"M. Svensson‐Coelho, J. Blake, B. Loiselle, Amanda S. Penrose, P. Parker, R. Ricklefs","doi":"10.1525/OM.2013.76.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2013.76.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"We used PCR and DNA sequencing to screen for haemosporidian parasites (Haemoproteus and Plasmodium) in 2,488 individual birds from 104 species and 22 families, primarily understory suboscine passerines, captured in a lowland Amazonian forest in Ecuador as a first major step to understanding the transmission dynamics of this cosmopolitan group of parasites in this region. To assess diversity of avian haemosporidia in our study site, we identified putative evolutionary lineages of haemosporidia using the mtDNA gene cytochrome b (cyt b). We sampled birds over 9 years, which allowed us to assess annual variation in haemosporidian prevalence. Additionally, we investigated among-species variation in prevalence and tested relationships between traits of hosts and prevalence of haemosporidia in a comparative analysis. Finally, we estimated host specificity of each recovered parasite lineage and compared several indices with different details of host information. Prevalence of haemosporidia was 21.7% when we combined years and ranged from 5.6% to 91.2% among well-sampled host species. Prevalence varied significantly among years, ranging from 14.5% in 2006 to 33.2% in 2009. The hypothesis that haemosporidian prevalence increases with level of sexual dimorphism and decreases with foraging height of a host species received some support. We identified 65 unique cyt b haplotypes, some of which we considered variation within the same evolutionary lineage. In total, we defined 45 putative evolutionary lineages based on 363 identified parasites. Fourteen haplotypes were identical to haplotypes found elsewhere, sometimes on different continents. Host specificity varied greatly among parasite lineages. Collectively, our findings indicate that within a local Neotropical assemblage of avian haemosporidia, community organization is highly complex and part of this complexity can be attributed to differences in host life history; diversity, particularly of Plasmodium spp., is high; and individual parasite lineages can differ greatly in both abundance and number of host species.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"76 1","pages":"1-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2013.76.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology of Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) in the Sierra Nevada, California: Effects of Meadow Characteristics and Weather on Demographics","authors":"A. MathewsonHeather, L. MorrisonMichael, L. LofflandHelen, F. BrussardPeter","doi":"10.1525/OM.2013.75.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2013.75.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Population declines in songbirds are often attributed to regional habitat loss and fragmentation caused by land-use practices, which might be further aggravated by climate change. These concerns are particularly evident in the Intermountain West, where riparian areas are considered a priority for conservation because of predicted reductions in winter precipitation and increases in spring temperatures. These climatic changes might increase the susceptibility of species reliant on riparian areas to regional extirpation from loss of habitat. The Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) is a California species of concern because of precipitous population declines in the past three decades. In 1997, we established a long-term research program to determine population demographics and the effects of weather events and regional-scale meadow distribution and vegetative structure on nesting success of Willow Flycatchers. We monitored territory establishment and reproductive success of 786 territories and 850...","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"75 1","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2013.75.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POTENTIAL ACOUSTIC MASKING OF GREATER SAGE-GROUSE (CENTROCERCUS UROPHASIANUS) DISPLAY COMPONENTS BY CHRONIC INDUSTRIAL NOISE","authors":"Jessica L. Blickley, G. Patricelli","doi":"10.1525/OM.2012.74.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2012.74.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Anthropogenic noise can limit the ability of birds to communicate by masking their acoustic signals. Masking, which reduces the distance over which the signal can be perceived by a receiver, is frequency dependent, so the different notes of a single song may be masked to different degrees. We analyzed the individual notes of mating vocalizations produced by Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) and noise from natural gas infrastructure to quantify the potential for such noise to mask Greater Sage-Grouse vocalizations over both long and short distances. We found that noise produced by natural gas infrastructure was dominated by low frequencies, with substantial overlap in frequency with Greater Sage-Grouse acoustic displays. Such overlap predicted substantial masking, reducing the active space of detection and discrimination of all vocalization components, and particularly affecting low-frequency and low-amplitude notes. Such masking could increase the difficulty of mate assessment for l...","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"74 1","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2012.74.1.23","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecogeographic Patterns of Morphological Variation in Elepaios (Chasiempis spp.): Bergmann's, Allen's, and Gloger's Rules in a Microcosm","authors":"E. VanderWerf","doi":"10.1525/OM.2011.73.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2011.73.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Animals often exhibit predictable geographic variation in morphology, and such ecogeographic patterns reflect local adaptation to varying environmental conditions. The most common of these patterns are termed Bergmann's, Allen's, and Gloger's rules. I studied morphological variation in the Hawaii Elepaio (Chasiempis sandwichensis) and the Oahu Elepaio (C. ibidis), forest birds endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. I measured body size and plumage color of 223 live elepaios captured at 36 sites on Hawaii and 132 live elepaios captured at 23 sites on Oahu, and I examined 132 museum specimens from an additional 22 locations on Hawaii. I used multiple regressions to examine relationships of elepaio body size and plumage color to elevation and annual rainfall on each island. Size of Hawaii Elepaios varied among sites and was related to elevation and rainfall. Wing chord, tail length, and body mass had positive relationships with elevation, as predicted by Bergmann's rule. Proportional bill length and propo...","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"73 1","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2011.73.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Alphataxonomic Revision of Extinct and Extant Razorbills (Aves, Alcidae): A Combined Morphometric and Phylogenetic Approach","authors":"N. Adam Smith, J. Clarke","doi":"10.1525/OM.2011.72.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2011.72.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract.— Alca (Aves, Alcidae) has a comparatively rich fossil record with respect to other Charadriiformes, consisting of thousands of specimens. Despite the abundance of fossil material, species richness in this clade has remained poorly understood, primarily because of the paucity of associated specimens. To address this issue, a combined morphometric and apomorphy-based method was developed that would allow referral of fragmentary and isolated specimens, which constitute ~97% of the Alca fossil record. Measurements of multiple variables from >2,000 Alca fossils were categorized by hierarchical cluster analysis and resulted in the recognition of \"species clusters.\" Discriminant function analysis was used to assess statistical support for these clusters and to identify the most informative measurements with respect to discriminating between species on the basis of size. The reliability of this method was tested using the same measurements taken from 13 extant alcid species and was found to be robust wi...","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"72 1","pages":"1-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2011.72.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny, Biodiversity, and Species Limits of Passerine Birds in the Sino-Himalayan Region—A Critical Review","authors":"J. Martens, D. Tietze, M. Päckert","doi":"10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.64","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed passerine biodiversity and phylogeography in the Sino-Himalayan region with respect to neighboring areas, especially the Siberian taiga zone to the north and tropical Asia southeast of the Himalayas and mountainous parts of southwest China. Fresh results, informative about evolutionary processes in that area, were obtained mainly by the application of new methods in passerine systematics, acoustic and molecular genetic markers. It became evident that species with areas in the Himalayas and southwest China and, in addition, often with disjunct areas in Siberia, actually belong to swarms of closely related, mostly allopatric species. In many cases these differ markedly in vocalizations and are deeply split according to molecular genetic markers. External morphology of the constituent taxa quite often remained surprisingly homogeneous and thus resulted in traditional subspecies status of single populations at best. Other such well-differentiated taxa were often overlooked and only discovered by m...","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"70 1","pages":"64-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird Diversity, Biogeographic Patterns, and Endemism of the Eastern Himalayas and Southeastern Sub-Himalayan Mountains","authors":"C. Swen, H. John","doi":"10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.153","url":null,"abstract":"—Species distribution and species diversity pattern have vexed ornithologists in Southeast Asia and the Himalayas. The species diversity debate continues, because the baseline data for such analysis are still very incomplete, especially in some parts of Asia. We conclude, from currently available data sets such as museum specimens, that the ornithological affinities of northern Kachin State are rather with the eastern sub-Himalayas and western Yunnan, and we cannot (yet) confirm a spatially narrow turnover zone between South and Southeast Asia. Nevertheless, the local endemism of bird species (i.e., sub-Himalayan slopes of northern Kachin State) is high and there is a strongly marked elevational turnover from south to north. Recent surveys in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh (northeast India), Yunnan (southwest China), and Kachin State (northern Myanmar) have revealed taxa not previously known, including three from Arunachal Pradesh and Kachin State since 1997. The descriptions are based on museum work in combina...","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"70 1","pages":"153-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bird Species-Richness Pattern in the Greater Himalayan Mountains—A General Introduction","authors":"S. Renner","doi":"10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"—Any analysis of species distributions in Southeast Asia must confront several difficulties, including weak baseline data, a coarse sampling grid, and confused taxonomy. A critical portion of this region, namely the southeastern Himalayas and associated sub-Himalayan areas, are high in species richness and yet are poorly sampled or understood from an ornithogeographic and conservation perspective. Recent surveys in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh (northeast India), Yunnan (southwest China), and Kachin State (northern Myanmar) have revealed new taxa, confirming the hypothesis that the mountain range is of global conservation importance. In this monograph, we summarize current knowledge, historical and recent collection activities, and taxonomic, systematic, and biogeographic revisions and consider the need for additional work and where in the region that work should be focused.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"70 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1525/OM.2011.70.1.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66885290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}