Ornithological Monographs最新文献

{"title":"INSIGHTS INTO THE MAINTENANCE OF HIGH SPECIES DIVERSITY IN THE NEOTROPICS: HABITAT SELECTION AND FORAGING BEHAVIOR IN UNDERSTORY BIRDS OF TROPICAL AND TEMPERATE FORESTS","authors":"Peter P. Marraand, J. V. Remsen","doi":"10.2307/40157547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157547","url":null,"abstract":"For almost three decades, structural habitat complexity has been regarded as a primary ecological factor responsible for maintaining high species diversity of trop- ical bird communities. However, differences in habitat complexity between temperate and tropical forests have not been documented sufficiently. Differences between tem- perate and tropical forests were quantified by measuring 36 variables related to under- story habitat structure. Structural components of temperate and tropical habitats differed significantly in several features. However, no differences were found in overall habitat heterogeneity (i.e. complexity) between temperate and tropical forests. To search for \"bird-related\" factors important in maintaining high tropical species diversity, we com- pared habitat selection between foliage-gleaning insectivorous birds in temperate and tropical forest understories. The tropical species were more specialized in horizontal and vertical habitat selection, and had lower \"niche breadths\" in foraging substrate and in foraging height. Tropical species also showed less interspecific overlap in most foraging variables than did temperate species. Therefore, higher species diversity, at least within this guild of birds in tropical and temperate forest understories, can be attributed at the proximate level to greater specialization and \"tighter species packing,\" and may be more independent of greater habitat complexity than previously thought. RESUMEN.--Por casi tres decadas, la complejidad estmctural del habitat se ha consi- derado como el principal factor ecologico responsable de mantener la alta variedad de especies encontrada en comunidades de pajaros tropicales. Sin embargo, la diferencia en complejidad del habitat entre bosques templados y bosques tropicales no ha sido sufi- cientemente quantificada. Nosotros quantificamos diferencias entre bosques templados y bosques tropicales midiendo 36 variables relacionadas a la estructura del habitat bajo el dosel y encontramos varias diferencias significativas en componentes estructurales entre habitats tropicales y templados. Sin embargo, no encontramos diferencias en la hetero- geneidad del habitat (complejidad) entre bosques templados y tropicales. Buscando fac- tores que rueran importantes en mantenet la alta diversidad de las especies de pajaros tropicales, comparamos la seleccion del habitat entre pajaros insectivoros que usan el follaje bajo el dosel en bosques templados y tropicales. Las especies tropicales estaban mas especializadas en su seleccion de habitats al nivel horizontal y vertical, teniendo pequenos nichos en el substrato y altitud del area donde forrajeaban. En la mayoria de las variables relacionadas al forraje, las especies tropicales tambien demonstraron menos traslapo entre-especies que las especies templadas. Concluimos pues que la alta variedad de especies, pot lo menos dentro de este grupo de pajaros que viven bajo el dosel en bosques templados y tropicales, se puede at","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"445-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157547","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy and Nest Description of the Tumbes Swallow (Tachycineta [albilinea] stolzmanni)","authors":"M. Robbins, G. Rosenberg, F. S. Molina, M. A. Jácome","doi":"10.2307/40157557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"609-612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157557","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes on Three Tiny Grassland Flycatchers, with Comments on the Disappearance of South American Fire-Diversified Savannas","authors":"T. A. Parker, E. Willis","doi":"10.2307/40157552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157552","url":null,"abstract":"The Rufous-sided Pygmy-Tyrant (Euscarthmus rufomarginatus, Tyrannidae) was rediscovered in high-grass bushy savannas (\"campo-cerrados\") in western Mato Grosso and nearby Bolivia. Pairs of this species hop wrenlike low in the vegetation, at times in mixed-species flocks, eating insects and fruits; a twittery song and January fledgling were noted. Two other small grassland flycatchers, the Bearded Tachuri (Polystictus pectoralis) and Sharp-tailed Tyrant (Culicivora caudacuta), are in more open remnant grasslands (\"campos\") of interior South America. Single adults care for tachuri fledglings, pairs (with family groups until winter) in Sharp-tails. All three flycatcher species are now rare, owing to destruction of huge areas by agribusiness, and annual burning of many remnant savannas. Other rare savanna species needing research include Blue-eyed Ground-Dove (Columbina cyanopis), encountered only once in our studies, and Ochre-breasted Pipit (Anthus natter eri), one of several species that prefer lightly grazed or burned savanna. Birds of natural savannas shift every few years with local fires: tall-grass species move to older grassland and fire-followers to the new burns. Large or connected reserves are needed to provide both types of habitat; small reserves protected from fire turn to scrub, while annually burned ranches save few birds. Resumo. Notas sobre tres pequenos tiramdeos dos campos nativos, com comentarios sobre o desaparecimento das savanas diversificadas pelo fogo na America do Sul. A maria-corrurra {Euscarthmus rufimarginatus, Tyrannidae) foi redescoberta nos campos cerrados arbustivos com gramineas altas a oeste de Mato Grosso e cercanias de Bolivia. Pares desta especie saltitam como as corruiras, baixo na vegeta9ao e por vezes juntam-se aos bandos mistos, alimentando-se de insetos e frutos; foi notado um filhote em Janeiro. Dois outros tiranideos pequenos, o tricolino-canela, Polystictus pectoralis e a maria-docampo, Culicivora caudacuta, sao encontrados mais comumente em remanescentes campestres mais abertos do interior da America do Sul. Apenas um dos adultos cuida dos filhotes em P. pectoralis, e o casal (com grupos familiares ate o inverno) em C. caudacuta. Atualmente, todas as tres especies sao raras, devido a destrui^ao de grandes areas para agricultura e o fogo anual em muitos dos cerrados remanescentes. Outras especies raras de cerrado que necessitam ser pesquisados incluem a rolinha-brasileira, Columbina cyanopis, encontrada somente uma vez durante nossos estudos e, o caminheiro-grande, Anthus nattereri, uma das varias especies que preferem pastos levemente utilizados ou os cerrados queimados. As aves dos cerrados naturais mudam a cada poucos anos com os fogos locais: especies de gramas altas mudam-se para os campos mais desenvolvidos e as seguidoras-de-fogo para as areas recentemente queimadas. Reservas grandes ou interligadas sao necessarias para proporcionar ambos os tipos de habitat; pequenas reservas protegidas do fogo t","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"549-555"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157552","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecology of Dead-Leaf Foraging Specialists and Their Contribution to Amazonian Bird Diversity","authors":"K. Rosenberg","doi":"10.2307/40157560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"94 1","pages":"673-700"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69627243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Species of Tyrant-Flycatcher (Tyrannidae: Tolmomyias) from the Western Amazon Basin","authors":"T. Schulenberg, T. A. Parker","doi":"10.2307/40157563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157563","url":null,"abstract":"A new species of tyrant-flycatcher {Tolmomyias) is described from the western Amazon basin. The species occurs in the sub-canopy of river-edge and vdrzea forest, and is syntopic with three other members of the genus (T. assimilis, T. polioce- phalusy and T. flaviventris). The plumage of the new species is quite distinctive, but the wing-formula resembles that of T. sulphurescens, and the vocalizations of the new spe- cies are similar to those of some populations of T. sulphurescens as well. Furthermore, the new species appears to be parapatric with T. sulphurescens insignis, with which it may show an unusual pattern of \"opposite-bank\" replacement in vdrzea and river-edge habitats.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"43 1","pages":"722-731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69627274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing of Breeding by Antbirds (Formicariidae) in an Aseasonal Environment in Amazonian Ecuador","authors":"D. Tallman, E. Tallman","doi":"10.2307/40157567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"783-789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69627504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land of magnificent isolation: M. A. Carriker's explorations in Bolivia","authors":"D. Wiedenfeld","doi":"10.2307/40157570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"48 1","pages":"821-848"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157570","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69628047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Geographic Variation in Three South American Grassquits (Emberizinae, Tiaris)","authors":"J. Bates","doi":"10.2307/40157529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"37 1","pages":"91-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69625865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contact Zones between Birds of Southern Amazonia","authors":"J. Haffer","doi":"10.2307/40157539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157539","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"281-305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69626252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRYPTIC BIODIVERSITY: AN OVERLOOKED SPECIES AND NEW SUBSPECIES OF ANTBIRD (AVES: FORMICARIIDAE) WITH A REVISION OF CERCOMACRA TYRANNINA IN NORTHEASTERN","authors":"M. Cohn‐Haft, D. Stotz","doi":"10.2307/40157530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40157530","url":null,"abstract":"An undescribed population of antbirds in the Cercomacra tyranninalni- grescens complex that is sympatric with Cercomacra tyrannina was discovered north of Manaus, Brazil. The new population differs from Cercomacra tyrannina in plumage, certain mensural characters, and especially voice. Based on similarity of the song, the undescribed form from Manaus is considered conspecific with Cercomacra tyrannina laeta. However, because of the sympatry of the Manaus population with Cercomacra tyrannina, laeta must be elevated to full species level, with three subspecies: Cercomacra laeta laeta in extreme southeastern Amazonia; C. laeta sabinoi in northeastern Brazil; and a new subspecies described in this paper, known only from the vicinity of Manaus and eastern Roraima, approximately 650 km north Manaus. The population of Cercom- acra tyrannina north of the Amazon River and west of the Rio Negro, formerly assigned to Cercomacra tyrannina laeta, is shown to be allied with Cercomacra tyrannina rather than Cercomacra laeta. In this paper, we recognize a valid species and subspecies from two areas whose avifaunas are among the best known in tropical South America. The cryptic species, Cercomacra laeta, was already represented by many dozens of speci- mens in museum collections. Our findings demonstrate that the accurate cataloging of the planet's biodiversity will rely not only on expeditions to remote mountain valleys but also on a careful analysis of specimens and information already at our disposal.","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"111-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40157530","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69625935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}