Ornithological Monographs最新文献_第6页

Perspectives on Migratory Connectivity 移民连通性的观点

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166838

D. Norris, Michael B. Wunder, M. Boulet

引用次数: 26

Introduction: The Past and Present of Migratory Connectivity 引言:迁徙连通性的过去和现在

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166835

M. Boulet, D. Norris

引用次数: 17

Avian Hematozoa in South America: a Comparison of Temperate and Tropical Zones 南美洲的鸟类血虫:温带和热带地区的比较

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166831

K. L. Durrant, J. Beadell, F. Ishtiaq, G. Graves, S. Olson, E. Gering, M. A. Peirce, C. Milensky, Brian K. Schmidt, C. Gebhard, R. Fleischer

{"title":"Avian Hematozoa in South America: a Comparison of Temperate and Tropical Zones","authors":"K. L. Durrant, J. Beadell, F. Ishtiaq, G. Graves, S. Olson, E. Gering, M. A. Peirce, C. Milensky, Brian K. Schmidt, C. Gebhard, R. Fleischer","doi":"10.2307/40166831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40166831","url":null,"abstract":"We used screening techniques based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to explore the avian hematozoan parasites (Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp.) of two previously uninvestigated regions of continental South America. Comparisons of tropicalzone Guyana and temperate-zone Uruguay revealed that overall prevalence of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus species detected in a diverse sampling of potential hosts was significantly higher in Guyana. The difference in prevalence between the two geographic zones appears to be attributable to ecological differences rather than taxonomic sampling artifacts. Diversity of hematozoan haplotypes was also higher in Guyana. We found no relationship between hematozoan haplotype and host family sampled within or between regions. We found very few Plasmodium and no Haemoproteus haplotypes shared between the two regions, and evidence of geographic structuring of hematozoan haplotypes between the two regions. We suggest that a lack of hematozoan haplotype transmission between the two regions may be attributable to the migratory patterns of each region's avian hosts. Received 11 April 2005, accepted 21 November 2005. Resumen.Usamos tecnicas de investigacion basadas en reaccion en cadena de polimeros (RCP) para explorar hemoparasitos avicolas (Plasmodium spp. y Haemoproteus spp.) en dos regiones no investigadas de Sudamerica. Las comparaciones de la zona tropical de Guyana y de la zona templada de Uruguay revelaron que la frecuencia general de especies de Plasmodium y Haemoproteus encontrados en una muestra diversa de hospederos potenciales fue significativamente mas alta en Guyana. La diferencia en frecuencia entre las dos zonas geograficas aparentemente se debe a diferencias ecologicas que debido al muestreo taxonomico. La diversidad de hematozoos haplotipicos fue tambien mas alta en Guyana. No encontramos una relacion entre hematozoos haplotipicos y familias de hospederos muestreados dentro o entre las regiones. Encontramos solo algunos cuantos haplotipos de Plasmodium en comun entre las dos regiones, pero no se encontraron haplotipos de Haemoproteus, ni evidencia de una estructuracion geografica de haplotipos de hematozoos entre las dos regiones. Por lo que sugerimos que la ausencia de transmision de haplotipos de hematozoos entre las dos regiones puede ser atribuida a los patrones de emigracion, para cada region, de las aves hospederas. Hematozoan parasites (Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp.) are commonly found in blood smears from birds on every continent except Antarctica (Bennett et al. 1993). Hematozoan prevalence may differ between geographic locations, and climate may play an important role in this difference by influencing the density of vectors or potential hosts or the ease of transmission. Comparison of hematozoan parasites of temperate and tropical zones may reveal differences related to climatic factors. For example, Ricklefs (1992), surveying results from analyses based on blood smears, found a 2.6x gr","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"60 1","pages":"98-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40166831","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69654782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 96

Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) Ecology: A Review of Factors Influencing Distribution and Abundance of Cowbirds across Spatial Scales 牛头鸟生态学:影响空间尺度上牛头鸟分布和丰度的因素综述

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166814

J. Chace, C. Farmer, R. Winfree, David R. Curson, William E. Jensen, Christopher B. Goguen, S. Robinson

引用次数: 36

Introduction: Research Directions and Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) Management 引言:研究方向与牛角鸟管理

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166809

Catherine R. Ortega, J. Chace, B. D. Peer

引用次数: 3

Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: response of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control 寄生、生产力和种群增长:最小贝尔氏蝇(Vireo bellii pusillus)和西南柳捕蝇(emidonax traillii extimus)对牛鹂(Molothrus spp)控制的反应

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166811

B. Kus, M. Whitfield

{"title":"Parasitism, productivity, and population growth: response of Least Bell's Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus) to cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control","authors":"B. Kus, M. Whitfield","doi":"10.2307/40166811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40166811","url":null,"abstract":"Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) control is a major focus of recovery-oriented management of two endangered riparian bird species, the Least Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii pusillus) and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus). During the past 20 years, annual trapping of cowbirds at Least Bell's Vireo and Southwestern Willow Flycatcher breeding sites has eliminated or reduced parasitism in comparison with pretrapping rates and, thereby, significantly increased seasonal productivity of nesting pairs. Enhanced productivity, in turn, has resulted in an 8-fold increase in numbers of Least Bell's Vireos; Southwestern Willow Flycatcher abundance, however, has changed little, and at some sites has declined despite cowbird control. Although generally successful by these short-term measures of host population response, cowbird control poses potential negative consequences for long-term recovery of endangered species. As currently employed, cowbird control lacks predetermined biological criteria to trigger an end to the control, making these species' dependence on human intervention open-ended. Prolonged reliance on cowbird control to manage endangered species can shift attention from identifying and managing other factors that limit populations in particular, habitat availability. On the basis of our analysis of these long-term programs, we suggest that cowbird control be reserved for short-term crisis management and be replaced, when appropriate, by practices emphasizing restoration and maintenance of natural processes on which species depend. Resumen. El manejo orientado hacia la recuperacion de dos especies de aves riberenas Vireo belli pusillus y Empidonax trailli extimus se ha focalizado principalmente en el control de los Molothrus spp parasitos. Durante los pasados 20 anos, la captura anual de los Molothrus en las areas de nidificacion de Vireo belli pusillus y Empidonax trailli extimus ha eliminado o reducido el parasitismo en comparacion con las tasas previas a la captura y, en consecuencia, ha incrementado significativamente la productividad estacional de las parejas reproductivas. Ese mejora en productividad, a su vez, ha resultado en que el numero de Vireo belli pusillus se incrementara 8 veces. La abundancia de Empidonax trailli extimus en cambio, ha variado poco, e incluso en algunos sitios, se ha reducido a pesar del control de los Molothrus. Aunque aparentemente el control de Molothrus fue exitoso por los resultados obtenidos a corto plazo, el control de los Molothrus posee consecuencias potencialmente negativas para la recuperacion a largo plazo de las especies en peligro. De la forma en que es actualmente aplicado, el control de los Molothrus carece de criterios biologicos predeterminados que permitan dejar de aplicarlo. Esto implica que las especies que se quiera proteger dependan eternamente de la intervention humana. El hecho de que que el manejo de las especies en peligro se base en la dependencia prolongada en el control de ","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"57 1","pages":"16-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40166811","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69654506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Behavioral Ecology of the Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) in a Bison-Grazed Landscape in New Mexico 新墨西哥州野牛放牧地区褐头牛鹂(Molothrus ater)的行为生态学

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166815

Christopher B. Goguen, David R. Curson, N. Mathews

{"title":"Behavioral Ecology of the Brown-Headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) in a Bison-Grazed Landscape in New Mexico","authors":"Christopher B. Goguen, David R. Curson, N. Mathews","doi":"10.2307/40166815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40166815","url":null,"abstract":"Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater; hereafter \"cowbirds\") often forage with grazing ungulates. Although domestic livestock have largely replaced American bison (Bos bison) as the cowbird's foraging associate, recent restoration of bison to their former territories has increased opportunities for cowbirds to interact with this native grazer. During summer 2002, we studied the behavior of cowbirds and bison in a 27,000-ha shortgrass prairie pasture in northeastern New Mexico. We monitored afternoon distribution of bison and native ungulates within the pasture. We used radiotelemetry to monitor daily movements and behavior of female cowbirds breeding in adjacent pinyon and juniper woodlands; we located and monitored host nests to measure parasitism rates. Our objectives were to (1) measure the spatial and temporal distribution of bison, (2) examine effects of daily changes in bison distribution on breeding and foraging strategies of female cowbirds, and (3) compare the behavior of cowbirds in a bison-grazed landscape with that in a cattle-grazed one. The number of bison within 10 km of the radiotagged cowbirds' breeding grounds varied daily, ranging from 6 to 1,161 individuals. Radiotagged female cowbirds (n = 10) were typically involved in breeding activities in pinyon-juniper woodlands in the mornings and commuted an average of 7.24 km to prairie sites to feed during afternoons. Radiotagged cowbirds fed primarily with bison (77.0% of feeding relocations), but they also fed with elk (Cervus elaphus; 9.9%), without ungulates at a dry lakebed (10.6%), and in a bison-handling corral (1.9%). When few bison were within 10 km of the cowbird breeding ranges, cowbirds foraged with elk or without ungulates. Mean commuting distance was related to distance of the nearest bison from the breeding grounds. Females in the bison-grazed landscape commuted farther and had larger feeding areas and overall home ranges than those in the cattle-grazed landscape. Differences in commuting behavior resulted from bison mobility and differences in management strategies. Increased commuting distances caused by bison mobility may result in reduced egg-laying rates for cowbirds, potentially benefiting breeding songbirds. Resumen.Molothrus ater suele alimentarse junto a ungulados herbivoros. Aunque el ganado domestico ha reemplazado al bisonte americano (Bos bison) como especie asociada durante la alimentation de M. ater, la restauracion reciente de los bisontes a sus territorios habituales ha incrementado las oportunidades que tiene M. ater de interactuar con este herbivoro nativo. Durante el verano de 2002 estudiamos el comportamiento de los M. ater y bisontes en una pradera de pastos cortos de 27,000 ha en el nordeste de Nuevo Mexico. Monitoreamos la distribution de bisontes y ungulados nativos durante la tarde dentro de la pastura. Utilizamos radiotelemetria para monitorear los movimientos y el comportamiento diario de las hembras de M. ater reproduciendose en zonas adyac","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40166815","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69654671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Host Defenses against Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) Parasitism: Implications for Cowbird Management 寄主防御牛角鸟(Molothrus spp.)寄生:对牛角鸟管理的启示

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166816

B. D. Peer, S. I. Rothstein, Michael J. Kuehn, R. Fleischer

引用次数: 36

ERNST MAYR AND SOUTHWEST PACIFIC BIRDS: INSPIRATION FOR IDEAS ON SPECIATION 恩斯特·迈尔和西南太平洋鸟类:物种形成的灵感

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40587709

R. Schodde

{"title":"ERNST MAYR AND SOUTHWEST PACIFIC BIRDS: INSPIRATION FOR IDEAS ON SPECIATION","authors":"R. Schodde","doi":"10.2307/40587709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40587709","url":null,"abstract":"Ernst Mayr's empirical research at the American Museum of Natural History between 1931 and 1953 was focused largely on speciesand genus-level systematics in the rich but then little-known bird fauna of the Southwest Pacific. Here, through four case studies, I trace the enormous advances he made in systematics knowledge, practice, and theory, culminating in his development of the Biological Species Concept, with its supporting treatise, Systematics and the Origin of Species (Mayr 1942). Resumen.La investigacion empirica de Ernst Mayr en el Museo Americano de Historia Natural entre 1931 y 1953 se enfoco principalmente en la sistematica a nivel de especies y generos de la avifauna rica pero entonces poco conocida del sudoeste del Pacifico. En este ensayo, a traves de cuatro estudios de caso, recapitulo los enormes avances que el hizo sobre el conocimiento, la practica y la teoria de la sistematica, culminando en su desarrollo del concepto biologico de especie, con el tratado que lo avala, Sistematica y el Origen de las Especies (\"Systematics and the Origin of Species\", Mayr 1942). In 1929, the grand old man of systematic ornithology in Europe, Ernst Hartert, wrote the 25-year-old Ernst Mayr a prophetic letter. \"There is no other place in the world,\" wrote Hartert, \"more favorable for the study of speciation in birds than the Solomon Islands\" (Mayr and Diamond 2001). Mayr was then in the Solomons as a member of the American Whitney South Sea Expedition and on the brink of heady events. Fresh from taking his doctorate under Erwin Stresemann in Berlin and groomed unwittingly to take over from Hartert at the great Rothschild collection in Tring, England, Mayr was on prolonged field work in Melanesia. In 1928, he had been in West Papua (formerly Irian Jaya or West Irian), putting together a collection of 2,700 bird skins that included two new species (Hartert 1930, Mayr 1930). Then he moved to the mountains of the Huon Gulf in Papua New Guinea, where he stayed until he joined the Whitney Expedition in 1929. In 1930, Mayr returned to Germany, but by January 1931, he was at the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH) in New York to ^-mail: richard.schodde@deh.gov.au curate and write up the Whitney Expedition collections (Bock 1994, 2005; LeCroy 2005). At almost the same time, events in Europe changed the global balance of research power in systematic ornithology: the financially troubled Lord Walter Rothschild sold his huge collection to the AMNH in February 1932 (Rothschild 1983). Both the Rothschild Museum and the Whitney Expedition had focused on the bird faunas of the Southwest Pacific; their combined holdings made them, by far, the most formidable research collections for this region. And Mayr was given sole responsibility for working up and inventorying the faunas and their novelties. Although it was the end of serious field experience for him, the knowledge already gained still gave him, with his Bildung education and training under Stresemann (Ha","PeriodicalId":54665,"journal":{"name":"Ornithological Monographs","volume":"1 1","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40587709","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68638845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Issues and Controversies of Cowbird (Molothrus spp.) Management 牛角鸟(Molothrus spp)管理问题与争议

Ornithological Monographs Pub Date : 2005-01-01 DOI: 10.2307/40166810

Catherine R. Ortega, A. Cruz, Myriam E. Mermoz

引用次数: 15