Reliability Engineering & System Safety最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Domain generalization network based on inter-domain multivariate linearization for intelligent fault diagnosis 基于域间多元线性化的领域泛化网络智能故障诊断
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111055
Wei Guan , Shuai Wang , Zeren Chen , Guoqiang Wang , Zhengbin Liu , Da Cui , Yiwei Mao
{"title":"Domain generalization network based on inter-domain multivariate linearization for intelligent fault diagnosis","authors":"Wei Guan ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Zeren Chen ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengbin Liu ,&nbsp;Da Cui ,&nbsp;Yiwei Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intelligent fault diagnosis technology determines the safety and reliability of equipment operation, and domain-based adaptive fault diagnosis models have been explored for solving the problem of data distribution discrepancies caused by different operating conditions. However, the requirement of obtaining the unlabeled target domain data in advance limits its application in real-world equipment operating scenarios. To address this problem, this paper proposes an inter-domain multivariate linearization (IML)-guided domain generalization network (IMLNet) for intelligent fault diagnosis. A domain multivariate fusion generation module is designed to construct new domains by linearizing between different domains using inter-domain multivariate linearization, which helps the network to extract domain invariant features in depth. Meanwhile, by fusing the multi-attention mechanism and feature pyramid network on the basis of residual network, it promotes the network to capture multi-scale information and provide richer semantic information. The effectiveness of the method is verified through two different fault diagnosis cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 111055"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Applying incremental learning in binary-addition-tree algorithm in reliability analysis of dynamic binary-state networks 二叉加法树算法中增量学习在动态二叉网络可靠性分析中的应用
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111072
Zhifeng Hao , Wei-Chang Yeh
{"title":"Applying incremental learning in binary-addition-tree algorithm in reliability analysis of dynamic binary-state networks","authors":"Zhifeng Hao ,&nbsp;Wei-Chang Yeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the Binary-Addition-Tree algorithm (BAT) by integrating incremental learning techniques. BAT, known for its simplicity in development, implementation, and application, is a powerful implicit enumeration method for solving network reliability and optimization problems. However, it traditionally struggles with dynamic and large-scale networks due to its static nature. By introducing incremental learning, we enable the BAT to adapt and improve its performance iteratively as it encounters new data or network changes. This integration allows for more efficient computation, reduces redundancy without searching for minimal paths and cuts, and improves overall performance in dynamic environments. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, showing significant improvements in both computational efficiency and solution quality compared to the traditional BAT and indirect algorithms, such as MP (minimal path) -based algorithms and MC (minimal cut) -based algorithms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 111072"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fault semantic knowledge transfer learning: Cross-domain compound fault diagnosis method under limited single fault samples 故障语义知识迁移学习:有限单故障样本下的跨域复合故障诊断方法
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111050
Huaitao Xia , Tao Meng , Zonglin Zuo , Wenjie Ma
{"title":"Fault semantic knowledge transfer learning: Cross-domain compound fault diagnosis method under limited single fault samples","authors":"Huaitao Xia ,&nbsp;Tao Meng ,&nbsp;Zonglin Zuo ,&nbsp;Wenjie Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupling of faults leads to an exponential growth of compound fault types, making it impractical to collect complete labeled compound fault data in real-world scenarios. While cross-domain compound fault diagnosis (the target-domain does not have labeled compound fault data) is crucial for system reliability, existing methods often rely on abundant single-fault samples and rarely validate the reliability when single-fault data is limited. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel fault semantic knowledge transfer learning framework. Specifically, FSKTL incorporates inter-class semantic distance loss in the source-domain, enabling fault classification through low-dimensional fault semantics and identifying the optimal fault semantic correlation function. Subsequently, FSKTL introduces inter-domain semantic alignment loss in the target-domain. This approach not only preserves the semantic space optimized by the source-domain for fault classification, but also achieves domain adaptation, enhancing the cross-domain generalization of the optimal fault semantic correlation function. Finally, extensive experiments are conducted on two publicly available datasets to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate that compared to other methods, this approach achieves the highest accuracy in cross-domain compound and single fault diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 111050"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic safety assessment of underground compressed air energy storage string subjected to erosion-corrosion degradation 地下压缩空气储能管柱侵蚀-腐蚀退化动态安全评价
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111070
Xinhong Li , Fafu Tian , Renren Zhang , Ziyue Han , Xiuquan Liu
{"title":"Dynamic safety assessment of underground compressed air energy storage string subjected to erosion-corrosion degradation","authors":"Xinhong Li ,&nbsp;Fafu Tian ,&nbsp;Renren Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziyue Han ,&nbsp;Xiuquan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground compressed air energy storage (UCAES) gets the rapid development over these years. The string as a channel for air injection and extraction is a critical component of UCAES. The erosion-corrosion degradation is an important failure causation of UCAES string. This paper builds a probabilistic approach for dynamic failure assessment of UCAES string subjected to erosion-corrosion degradation. A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model is established to present the failure scenario of string, which considers the synergistic of erosion and corrosion. Thus, the real-time failure probabilities of string due to the coupling of erosion and corrosion are estimated. Subsequently, a DBN model incorporating the mathematical synergistic relationship of erosion and corrosion is developed to estimate the degradation rate and failure time of string. The approach is illustrated by a case study. It can be found that it can be an useful tool to guide safety management of UCAES string.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 111070"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An integrated maintenance-upgrade policy for stochastically degrading products 针对随机降级产品的集成维护升级策略
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111054
Min Zhou , Xiujie Zhao , Zhen He , Kwang-Jae Kim
{"title":"An integrated maintenance-upgrade policy for stochastically degrading products","authors":"Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiujie Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhen He ,&nbsp;Kwang-Jae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Providing appropriate maintenance policies for degrading products can help sustain good performance within the specified operating time without incurring overwhelming cost burdens. In practice, many manufacturers perceive upgrade as a strategic alternative to enhance product reliability and minimize maintenance costs. In this paper, we propose a maintenance strategy framework that integrates upgrade for stochastically degrading products. We consider two different scenarios that adapt to various manufacturer’s decision-making preferences. In the first scenario, the preventive maintenance (PM) target is fixed as a constant. In the second, the PM target is variable, which allows manufacturer to find the optimal policy via more flexible repair operations. In both scenarios, we establish maintenance models under a finite time horizon using a Markov decision process and study the structural properties of the optimal policy. We conclude that the optimal decision lies in employing a control limit policy among upgrade, PM and doing nothing. Numerical examples are then provided to illustrate the proposed methods. We find that with a variable PM target, the manufacturer is afforded greater flexibility, significantly reducing the expected cost. Additionally, when the target shifts from constant to variable, the trade-off among the three decisions of upgrade, PM, and doing nothing changes considerably.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 111054"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two-stage stochastic optimization of passenger evacuation routes in metro stations considering stampede incidents 考虑踩踏事件的地铁车站乘客疏散路线两阶段随机优化
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111047
Yi Yang, Dong-Fan Xie, Xiao-Mei Zhao, Bin Jia
{"title":"Two-stage stochastic optimization of passenger evacuation routes in metro stations considering stampede incidents","authors":"Yi Yang,&nbsp;Dong-Fan Xie,&nbsp;Xiao-Mei Zhao,&nbsp;Bin Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stampede incidents frequently occur in densely populated metro stations during emergencies, and if not promptly addressed, they can cause more severe cascading effects, resulting in passenger injuries and even deaths. To address this issue, this study proposes a two-stage stochastic optimization model that incorporates the occurrence of unpredictable stampedes to effectively plan individualized evacuation routes for passengers. The model aims to minimize evacuation time by optimizing both the initial evacuation routes of passengers and the subsequent routes after stampede incidents, thereby mitigating passenger congestion in bottleneck areas and providing passengers with alternative destinations. By introducing auxiliary variables, the model is reformulated to reduce the constraints. The model is tested under various stampede scenarios. The results indicate that the proposed optimization strategy can significantly reduce evacuation time, as well as the density in bottleneck area of the metro station, regardless of the severity of stampede incidents. Via comprehensive sensitivity analysis, the critical factors having a significant impact on the evacuation process have been identified. This finding is expected to provide valuable insights for regulatory agencies in the effective implementation of evacuation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 111047"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stochastic programming on joint optimization of redundancy design and condition-based maintenance for continuously degrading systems subject to uncertain usage stresses 不确定使用应力下连续退化系统冗余设计与状态维护联合优化的随机规划
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111023
Xiaoyan Zhu , Yaqian Hao , Suk Joo Bae
{"title":"Stochastic programming on joint optimization of redundancy design and condition-based maintenance for continuously degrading systems subject to uncertain usage stresses","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhu ,&nbsp;Yaqian Hao ,&nbsp;Suk Joo Bae","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the joint optimization of system redundancy design and maintenance policies under uncertain usage stresses, using various stochastic programming models and stochastic-degradation-based reliability models. It is the first to address condition-based maintenance (CBM) policies, which outperform traditional age-based maintenance by reducing over- and tardy maintenance. Three two-stage stochastic programming models are developed. The first is a risk-neutral model aiming to minimize the expected system life-cycle cost across various usage stresses. The second is a risk-averse model using conditional value-at-risk to find solutions that perform well under the worst stresses. The third model also employs a risk-averse approach, using the upper partial mean to seek robust solutions for adverse stresses. The first-stage decision variables are subsystem redundancy levels, influencing CBM policies in the second stage. These CBM decisions depend on subsystem degradation levels and usage stresses. The long-run maintenance and failure cost rate is modeled as a recourse function, affecting redundancy allocation decisions. A numerical study demonstrates that the risk-averse strategies effectively mitigate the cost of worst scenarios without significantly increasing expected system life-cycle cost over all the scenarios. The redundancy level is high under a high risk aversion and can remain stable in a certain range of risk aversion. When the risk aversion is minor and the primary goal is the lowest expected lifetime-cycle cost, the redundancy design from risk-neutral model is preferred. The two risk-averse models would not generate the same redundancy design, no matter how to adjust the risk-averse parameters in the two models. Thus, the two risk-averse methods cannot be used exchangeable. The model using conditional value-at-risk is suitable for the cases where severe usage stresses could happen and the bad consequence cannot be tolerated. The model with upper partial mean is good for stabilizing the performances under all the adverse scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 111023"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic integrated approach to safety risk management in substation maintenance and testing integration operations 动态集成方法在变电站维护和测试集成操作中的安全风险管理
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111061
Chen Wang , Man Tang , Guopeng Hong , Defa Wang , Zhibin Chen
{"title":"Dynamic integrated approach to safety risk management in substation maintenance and testing integration operations","authors":"Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Man Tang ,&nbsp;Guopeng Hong ,&nbsp;Defa Wang ,&nbsp;Zhibin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, although the incidence of accidents and the number of fatalities in the power industry have declined, the situation remains concerning with significant losses. Maintenance operations and electrical testing in power companies are particularly hazardous, ranking among the highest-risk activities. Despite extensive safety management in the power industry, research specifically on integrated substation maintenance and testing operations is limited. To fill this gap and prevent safety lapses and increased risks during on-site operations, this study proposes a safety management method for integrated substation maintenance and testing operations based on system dynamics (SD) and the integrated weighting method. First, risk factors were identified through literature review and refined using expert surveys. Subsequently, the integrated weighting method was employed to determine factor weights, and system dynamics modeling was used to analyze the intrinsic interactions among risk factors. A simulation experiment, using a specific substation as a case study, validated the model's applicability. Additionally, risk control measures were proposed from two directions: key factor control and phase-based control during the operational cycle. In terms of phase-based control, three risk control models were designed and validated, ultimately determining the optimal model to minimize risks. In summary, this study highlights the risks associated with integrated substation maintenance and testing new operations, and proposes a method to better analyze the intrinsic interactions of risk factors and control measures, providing theoretical and practical support for sustainable safety management by relevant departments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 111061"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-objective disintegration of multilayer networks 多层网络的多目标分解
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111042
Mingze Qi , Peng Chen , Yuan Liang , Xiaohan Li , Hongzhong Deng , Xiaojun Duan
{"title":"Multi-objective disintegration of multilayer networks","authors":"Mingze Qi ,&nbsp;Peng Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan Liang ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Li ,&nbsp;Hongzhong Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The multiple relationships between nodes in complex systems or the dependencies between multiple subsystems can be effectively represented by multilayer networks. The network disintegration problem seeks to identify a set of nodes whose removal can minimize network performance. Existing research on the disintegration of multilayer networks often focuses on overall network connectivity. This study examines the multi-objective disintegration problem of multilayer networks to find groups of nodes that maximize damage to different layers. The multi-objective optimization model is established, and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm is improved to solve it. The search efficiency for approximating the Pareto front is enhanced by innovating initial population generation and crossover operation coding methods. Additionally, we employ the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to assess the effectiveness of various multi-objective disintegration strategies. Experiments in the model and real multilayer networks show that the relative optimal strategy in the Pareto solution set can effectively balance the disintegration effect of different layers. This research offers valuable insight into safeguarding infrastructure systems and controlling disease transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 111042"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Research on resilience measurement and optimization of networked command information system 网络化指挥信息系统弹性测量与优化研究
IF 9.4 1区 工程技术
Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2025.111048
Yun Zhong , Yongzhuang Zhang , Jieyong Zhang , Lujun Wan
{"title":"Research on resilience measurement and optimization of networked command information system","authors":"Yun Zhong ,&nbsp;Yongzhuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jieyong Zhang ,&nbsp;Lujun Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the ability of networked command information system to actively absorb disturbances, adapt to adjust and recover and regenerate after encountering risks, this study proposes a novel solution from the perspective of resilience measurement and optimization of functional chain logical relationship on the basis of system function decoupling. First of all, the networked command information system operational pattern and network characteristics are summarized, and the system resilience is analyzed, including the resilience elements (robustness element, recovery element, and responsiveness element) and motives, and the resilience process. Then, the system resilience was measured, and the resilience measurement results were generated based on the analysis of the factors affecting the resilience measurement. Finally, based on the resilience measurement results, system resilience optimization based on node backup, based on structural design, and based on node restoration are carried out, respectively. Through this study, some meaningful conclusions are obtained, which are conducive to guiding the operation and maintenance management of networked command information system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 111048"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信