{"title":"Joint reliability of linear two-dimensional consecutive k-type systems with shared components","authors":"He Yi , Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan , Xiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111193","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, linear two-dimensional consecutive <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-type systems with shared components are considered for the first time. This includes the cases of linear connected-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-out-of-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>: F systems, linear connected-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-or-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-out-of-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>: F systems, linear <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span>-connected-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-out-of-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>: F systems without/with overlapping, and linear <span><math><mi>l</mi></math></span>-connected-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-or-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>k</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>-out-of-<span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>: F systems without/with overlapping. Using Kronecker product, finite Markov chain imbedding approach (FMCIA) is applied in a new way to derive the joint reliability functions of these two-dimensional consecutive <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>-type systems with shared components. Their accuracy and computational efficiency are illustrated with the use of some numerical examples. Finally, some concluding remarks are provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 111193"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832025003941","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
In this paper, linear two-dimensional consecutive -type systems with shared components are considered for the first time. This includes the cases of linear connected--out-of-: F systems, linear connected--or--out-of-: F systems, linear -connected--out-of-: F systems without/with overlapping, and linear -connected--or--out-of-: F systems without/with overlapping. Using Kronecker product, finite Markov chain imbedding approach (FMCIA) is applied in a new way to derive the joint reliability functions of these two-dimensional consecutive -type systems with shared components. Their accuracy and computational efficiency are illustrated with the use of some numerical examples. Finally, some concluding remarks are provided.
期刊介绍:
Elsevier publishes Reliability Engineering & System Safety in association with the European Safety and Reliability Association and the Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis Division. The international journal is devoted to developing and applying methods to enhance the safety and reliability of complex technological systems, like nuclear power plants, chemical plants, hazardous waste facilities, space systems, offshore and maritime systems, transportation systems, constructed infrastructure, and manufacturing plants. The journal normally publishes only articles that involve the analysis of substantive problems related to the reliability of complex systems or present techniques and/or theoretical results that have a discernable relationship to the solution of such problems. An important aim is to balance academic material and practical applications.