{"title":"Bioreactors as Additive Manufacturing Environments.","authors":"Orkan Telhan","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2024.0023","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2024.0023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses the evolving use of bioreactors, beyond traditional life sciences and bioengineering, in fields such as architecture, fashion, and product design. It explores the role of bioreactors in additive fabrication, highlighting their distinct characteristics compared with conventional digital manufacturing. The discussion is centered on the differences in materializing biologically-active (living) versus biologically-passive, or biologically-derived (nonliving) matter in which ingredients require closed-loop fabrication environments that differ from traditional additive manufacturing tools. Two novel biofabrication platforms, Microbial Design Studio and B | reactor are presented as examples with case studies demonstrating their use in various manufacturing workflows with live cells. The article emphasizes the unique capabilities of bioreactors in engaging with living matter and facilitating complex interactions between biological, algorithmic, and mechanical systems in additive manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"12 2","pages":"169-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Beatrice Carcassi, Tashania Akemah, Lola Ben-Alon
{"title":"3D-Printed Lightweight Earth Fiber: From Tiles to Tessellations.","authors":"Olga Beatrice Carcassi, Tashania Akemah, Lola Ben-Alon","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0341","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3D-printed earth materials that incorporate natural raw soils have been recently emerging due to their ecological and affordability potential. However, earth materials applications in additive manufacturing have been limited to thick mass assemblies with little to no fiber reinforcement. The addition of natural plant fibers within earth-based mixtures may advantageously increase ductility while allowing for lightweight assembly types, such as thin and perforated elements. This article presents a novel research development on natural, raw, and untreated earth-fiber compositions with maximized wheat straw fiber content for 3D-printed lightweight architectural tiling applications. Initiated with an experimental printability apparatus of a range of mix designs, a printable \"light straw clay\" mixture is defined through extrudability and buildability tests. Then, combining the digital craft of weaving with natural fibers for earthen lightweight artifacts, a geometric analysis explores potential super lightweight and structurally sound tessellations to allow for minimum material in the production of perforated panels. The third phase of the research included structural bending tests to assess the number of layers required for the final tile production. Finally, the resulting 3D-printed modular components were assembled to create a lightweight installation, hung and exhibited with an interplay of light and shade. By maximizing co-product vegetable fiber content within an earthen and bio-based paste, this research aims to increase the carbon storage capabilities of digital earth construction while enhancing its lightness and tensile possibilities. Learning from vernacular \"recipes\" of natural earth- and fiber-based construction, the developed paper-thin partition assemblage presented in this article contributes to wider possibilities of natural, nonconventional, and radically low-carbon material systems and geometries in digital fabrication.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"12 2","pages":"88-97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038327/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144052913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giulia Pelliccia, Fabio Bianconi, Marco Filippucci, David Correa
{"title":"Four-Dimensional Multistep Vertical Printing for Hygroresponsive Shape Change with Nonplanar Rest-State Geometries.","authors":"Giulia Pelliccia, Fabio Bianconi, Marco Filippucci, David Correa","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0337","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Four-dimensional printing (4DP) via fused deposition modeling has been used to create hygromorphic biocomposite actuators through wood polymer composite (WPC) filaments. The shape-change transformation of the 4DP composite mechanism is preprogrammed by controlling the printing process parameters and the design of the print-path pattern. Until now, most 4DP approaches involving Wood Polymer Composite (WPCs) have focused on planar actuators featuring a bilayer structure composed of laminar layers with distinct material properties. These mechanisms show a laminar initial rest state, presenting as flat objects, and can only achieve a complex three-dimensional shape when subjected to the moisture variations stimulus. The presented research highlights the development of a multistage printing method that expands the capabilities of three-axis printers to enable the 4DP of mechanism with complex nonplanar rest-state geometries. The new technical capabilities of this method are demonstrated here through the creation and testing of novel nonlaminar 4DP mechanisms that harness their unique doubly curved rest-state geometry to achieve kinematic amplification. We expect that this approach can greatly improve the range and complexity of 4DP mechanisms that can be developed using the commonly available three-axis printers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"12 2","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen, Paul Nicholas, Ruxandra-Stefania Chiujdea, Stine Dalager Nielsen, Konrad Sonne, Carl Eppinger
{"title":"Additive Manufacturing for Repair: Continual Construction Through Bio-Based Materials.","authors":"Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen, Paul Nicholas, Ruxandra-Stefania Chiujdea, Stine Dalager Nielsen, Konrad Sonne, Carl Eppinger","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article asks how additive manufacturing for the circular bioeconomy can create the foundation for rethinking the architectural axioms of permanence and durability, instead moving us toward a new ideal of renewability and repair. It presents a case study into additive manufacturing for repair through the 3D printing of biopolymer composites. This case study connects machine vision-based surveying of damaged panels with repair through conformal 3D printing. This deployment of bio-based materials aims to enable additive manufacturing as a method for disrupting the sharp delineation between fabrication and repair leading to new practices of continual construction. With point of departure in our bespoke systems for 3D printing and unique biopolymer composites, we examine how their particular material characteristics allow for material adhesion and buildup and how novel methods for iterative 3D printing can support design integrated strategies of repair. As part of this process, we include the sociotechnological dimension, as human-in-the-loop decision-making becomes part of the material surveying regimes necessary for damage detection. The article demonstrates processes of repair through three repair actions that address different kinds of damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"12 2","pages":"112-121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hannah B Gazdus, Sabrina C Shen, Nicolas A Lee, Markus J Buehler
{"title":"3D Printable Biocomposites with Tunable Environmental Degradability.","authors":"Hannah B Gazdus, Sabrina C Shen, Nicolas A Lee, Markus J Buehler","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2024.0014","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2024.0014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing environmental impacts of solid waste accumulation have resulted in an increased demand for biodegradable alternatives to conventional plastics. While several products have begun to gain popularity as biodegradable or compostable plastics, these often still negatively impact terrestrial and aquatic environments, as they frequently require precise conditions in order to fully decompose. Furthermore, standards for measuring biodegradation rates are often complex and poorly representative of real disposal sites, limiting their widespread use and applicability. In this study, we present four simple tests to assess the environmental degradability of materials without specialized equipment and demonstrate them with a series of 3D printable biotic composites composed of pectin, chitosan, and cellulose, abundant and organic biopolymers known to be degradable by common microorganisms. Five different compositions were degraded in live soil, worm burial, high humidity, and aqueous environments, and demonstrated rapid degradation with up to 100% mass loss after 21 days for a pectin-based material buried in worm-laden oil. Degradability was further found to be tunable, with decreasing degradation rate as chitosan content increased. Our results confirm that biotic composites degrade more rapidly than conventional plastics and provide accessible methods that can enable more widespread material testing for the development of sustainable material alternatives, especially to gather basic environmental degradation information representative of typical solid waste discard conditions. We anticipate that these degradation methods and the materials degraded therein will provide further impetus for reducing waste from 3D printing and for considering end of life when designing products.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"12 2","pages":"122-130"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12038357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser-Assisted Fused Filament Fabrication for Mechanical Strength Improvement of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyether Ether Ketone.","authors":"Pu Han, Shams Torabnia, M Faisal Riyad, Keng Hsu","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2024.0115","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2024.0115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In contrast to traditional polymer fabrication, additive manufacturing eliminates the need for tooling and reduces production lead times, making it ideal for batch production. Specifically, fused filament fabrication (FFF) is notable for its liquid and powder-free process, which is suitable for vacuum and low-gravity conditions. However, the anisotropic strength of FFF parts limits their use. This research presents a methodical approach to improve the mechanical strength of 3D-printed carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) components, aiming for improved mechanical strength by applying in-process laser heating. CF PEEK is selected for its exceptional strength, durability, and heat resistance. The core of this laser technique is to increase the interface temperature, slowing down the cooling phase, which promotes polymer chain movement and entanglement, leading to enhanced mechanical properties. This method significantly boosts the mechanical strength of 3D-printed PEEK in the build direction from 9.3 MPa to 60.5 MPa, with the strain increasing by 150%. Additionally, there are notable differences in fracture behavior: the control sample fractures at the interlayer interface, while the laser-treated sample fractures within the layer. Adopting this advanced approach could address the current limitations of FFF 3D printing in manufacturing and enable FFF to serve fields that require mechanical strength and small-batch production. This technique has the potential to extend polymer additive manufacturing to fields requiring high-temperature, high-strength composites, such as in-space manufacturing/assembly, small-batch production for aerospace parts, medical components, and prototypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"13 4","pages":"339-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13428131/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148654863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tao Lan, Yihe Dai, Pingping Hu, Jiang Han, Yun Jin
{"title":"Advancing Precision Surgery: The Role of 3D Printing in Liver Surgery.","authors":"Tao Lan, Yihe Dai, Pingping Hu, Jiang Han, Yun Jin","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2024.0060","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2024.0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of precision surgical procedures is rapidly transforming the treatment methods in complex surgical fields such as liver surgery. 3D printing technology, as a crucial support, has not only redefined surgical planning and execution but also improved medical education and patient communication. This article discusses the application of 3D printing in liver surgery, including surgical planning, intraoperative navigation, education and training, and 3D bioprinting technologies. 3D-printed models, with their ability to accurately display the spatial relationship between tumors and surrounding structures, provide a foundation for surgeons to devise precise surgical plans. This allows surgeons to develop more accurate surgical strategies preoperatively, reducing surgical risks and preserving more healthy liver tissue. Furthermore, this article discusses the challenges faced by 3D printing technology, such as cost and technical limitations, as well as the difficulties in clinical application, and provides a future outlook. Through a review of literature and case studies, this article highlights the significant role of 3D printing technology in enhancing surgical precision, reducing risks, and promoting patient recovery. With technological advancements, the prospects for the application of 3D printing in precision surgical procedures are broad, especially in the field of liver surgery, offering patients safer and more effective diagnostic and therapeutic options.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"13 2","pages":"195-205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13133466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147935432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martha Baldwin, Nicholas A Meisel, Christopher McComb
{"title":"Smooth Like Butter: Evaluating Multi-lattice Transitions in Property-Augmented Latent Spaces.","authors":"Martha Baldwin, Nicholas A Meisel, Christopher McComb","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0316","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Additive manufacturing has revolutionized structural optimization by enhancing component strength and reducing material requirements. One approach used to achieve these improvements is the application of multi-lattice structures, where the macroscale performance relies on the detailed design of mesostructural lattice elements. Many current approaches to designing such structures use data-driven design to generate multi-lattice transition regions, making use of machine learning models that are informed solely by the geometry of the mesostructures. However, it remains unclear if the integration of mechanical properties into the dataset used to train such machine learning models would be beneficial beyond using geometric data alone. To address this issue, this work implements and evaluates a hybrid geometry/property variational autoencoder (VAE) for generating multi-lattice transition regions. In our study, we found that hybrid VAEs demonstrate enhanced performance in maintaining stiffness continuity through transition regions, indicating their suitability for design tasks requiring smooth mechanical properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"12 1","pages":"23-35"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valdemar Danry, Cenk Guzelis, Lingdong Huang, Neil Gershenfeld, Pattie Maes
{"title":"From Words to Worlds: Exploring Generative 3D Models in Design and Fabrication.","authors":"Valdemar Danry, Cenk Guzelis, Lingdong Huang, Neil Gershenfeld, Pattie Maes","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0309","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the design and fabrication process has opened up novel pathways for producing custom objects and altered the traditional creative workflow. In this article, we present Depthfusion, a novel text-to-3D model generation system that empowers users to rapidly create detailed 3D models from textual or 2D image inputs, and explore the application of text-to-3D models within different fabrication techniques. Depthfusion leverages current text-to-image AI technologies such as Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, and DALL-E and integrates them with advanced mesh inflation and depth mapping techniques. This approach yields a high degree of artistic control and facilitates the production of high-resolution models that are compatible with various 3D printing methods. Our results include a biomimetic tableware set that merges intricate design with functionality, a large-scale ceramic vase illustrating the potential for additive manufacturing in ceramics, and even a sneaker-shaped bread product achieved by converting AI design into a baked form. These projects showcase the diverse possibilities for AI in the design and crafting of objects across mediums, pushing the boundaries of what is traditionally considered feasible in bespoke manufacturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11937759/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}