3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Cork Powder Residues Processing by Binder Jetting.","authors":"Sara P Magalhães da Silva, Iara Castro, José M Oliveira","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0334","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cork-based formulations adapted to binder jetting processes were herein developed and investigated. Two cork powder sets with different particle size distributions were studied to evaluate cork particles' ability to pack. Cork powders exhibiting a coarse distribution revealed a higher packing ability. In addition, owing to cork's lower affinity to water-based binders, the addition of two hydrophilic additives was explored. 3D-printed (3DP) cork parts with a simple geometry were first printed. An innovative technique was evaluated as a postprocessing phase to improve cork particle adhesion after printing. Inspired by the production of expanded cork agglomerates, use of autoclave technique as a postprocessing phase for cork parts was proposed. After the autoclave, 3DP parts exhibited an improved adhesion of cork particles, demonstrated by morphological and mechanical analyses. Fourier transform infra-red analyses demonstrated that the polysaccharide and suberinic fractions were also affected by the autoclave. 3DP cork parts with a complex design solution were successfully printed. This study contributes to new and complex design solutions for cork-based products maintaining cork's natural lightness, warmness, and softness to the touch.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43802767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Characterization and Constitutive Modeling of 3D Printable Soft Materials.","authors":"Lawrence Smith, Robert MacCurdy","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerical modeling of soft matter has the potential to enable exploration of the soft robotic field's next frontier: human/machine cooperative design. However, access to material models suitable for predicting the behavior of soft matter is limited, and analysts typically conduct their own mechanical characterization on every new material they work with. In this work we present detailed mechanical characterization of 14 3D-printable soft materials suitable for fabricating soft robots. To allow the extension of this work by other researchers, our test procedures, raw data, constitutive model coefficients, and code used for curve fitting is freely available at www.SoRoForge.com.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44764910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of 3D-Printable Albumin-Alginate Foam for Wound Dressing Applications.","authors":"Elias Madadian, Emad Naseri, Ryan Legault, Ali Ahmadi","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0241","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this article, a method to develop 3D printable hybrid sodium alginate and albumin foam, crosslinked with calcium chloride mist is introduced. Using this method, highly porous structures are produced without the need of further postprocessing (such as freeze drying). The proposed method is particularly beneficial in the development of wound dressing as the printed foams show excellent lift-off and water absorption properties. Compared with methods that use liquid crosslinker, the use of mist prevents the leaching of biocompounds into the liquid crosslinker. 3D printing technique was chosen to provide more versatility over the wound dressing geometry. Calcium chloride and rhodamine B were used as the crosslinking material and the model drug, respectively. Various biomaterial inks were prepared by different concentrations of sodium alginate and albumin, and the fabricated scaffolds were crosslinked in mist, liquid, or kept without crosslinking. The effects of biomaterial composition and the crosslinking density on the wound dressing properties were assessed through printability studies. The mist-crosslinked biomaterial ink composed of 1% (w/v) sodium alginate and 12% (w/v) albumin showed the superior printability. The fabricated scaffolds were also characterized through porosity, mechanical, degradation, and drug release tests. The mist-crosslinked scaffolds showed superior mechanical properties and provided relatively prolonged drug release.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442183/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47763133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Additively Manufactured Zirconia for Dental Applications with <i>In Situ</i> Color Gradation Control.","authors":"Lukas Theis, Valdemar Duarte, João C Roque, Telmo Santos, Rui F Martins","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0006","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current process for creating zirconia reconstructions for teeth is time-consuming, expensive, and results in tool wear and raw material waste. An alternative method, near-net shape additive manufacturing capable of producing samples with color gradient is presented as an innovative and more efficient solution. A low-cost robocasting system, which enabled the co-extrusion of two different ceramic inks, was designed and developed. Moreover, hydrogel-based ceramic inks, with rheological properties suitable for the present system, containing commercially available Yttria-stabilized zirconia (white and yellow) powders, were produced. Parts of different color shades and color gradients, with a high aspect ratio and good green body stability, were printed. In addition, precise color measurements were carried out, and co-extruded parts were compared with ultraviolet-C photofunctionalized parts. High fractions of binder in green bodies caused distortions in the samples during air drying and upon sintering. Debinding and sintering at 1500°C yielded parts of relatively low density (4.90-5.09 g/cm³) and hardness (500 HV10-1100 HV10). A slightly different sintering behavior was observed for parts of different compositions. Density and hardness increased with the fraction of iron oxide-containing ink.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44583094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tensile, Fatigue Properties and Their Anisotropies of Al-Mg Alloy Fabricated by Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing.","authors":"Zixiang Zhou, Jiqiang Chen, Jieke Ren, Jiale Miao, Ting Xing, Shibiao Zhong, Renguo Guan","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0348","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microstructure, mechanical properties (tensile, fatigue, etc.) and the anisotropies of the Al-Mg alloy fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing are studied in this work. The results show that the microstructure of the deposited alloy is composed of coarse columnar grains in the inner-layer region and fine equiaxed grains in the interlayer region. The tensile and fatigue properties exhibit strong anisotropies. The ultimate tensile strength (258 MPa), yield strength (140 MPa), elongation (21.3%), and fatigue life (2.56 × 10⁵) of the sample along travel direction (0° direction) are the best, whereas those of the sample along the deposited direction (90° direction) are the lowest and those of the sample along 45° direction are the medium. It is found that the lowest strength and elongation of the sample in the deposited direction can be attributed to the large weak bonding areas between the deposition layers, whereas the lowest fatigue property is associated with the fatigue crack propagation along the grain boundaries of the columnar grains.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48384258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic Evaluation of Laser Scanning Speed Effect on the Spectral Properties of Three-Dimensional-Printed Metal Phononic Crystal Artifacts.","authors":"Enamul Hasan Rozin, Tipu Sultan, Hossein Taheri, Cetin Cetinkaya","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0259","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Additive manufacturing/three-dimensional printing (AM/3DP) processes promise a flexible production modality to fabricate a complex build directly from its digital design file with minimal postprocessing. However, some critical shortcomings of AM/3DP processes related to the build quality and process repeatability are frequently experienced and reported in the literature. In this study, an <i>in situ</i> real-time nondestructive monitoring framework based on the dispersive properties of phononic crystal artifacts (PCAs) to address such quality challenges is described. Similar to a witness coupon, a PCA is printed alongside a build while it is interrogated and monitored with ultrasound. A PCA is substantially smaller than the actual build. Due to its periodic internal structures, a PCA creates pass and stop bands in its spectral response, which are sensitive to the variations in its process and material parameters. These periodic structures, representing the geometric complexities of an actual build, are designed for a specific monitoring objective(s) in AM/3DP. As a model application, in this demonstration study, the effect of the laser scanning speed of a slective laser melting (SLM) printer on the spectral properties of metal PCAs (mPCAs) is ultrasonically evaluated offline. The dependency of the pressure and shear wave speeds, the apparent Young's and shear moduli, and Poisson's ratio on the scanning speed are quantified, and it is found that they are highly sensitive to the laser scanning speed of an SLM printer. The sensitivity of the peaks of the pressure and shear spectral waveforms acquired for the identical mPCA designs printed on the same build plate with the same process parameters is also quantified. For powder-based AM/3DP technologies, where scanning speed is among the crucial process parameters such as laser power and bed temperature, the reported correlations between scanning speeds and the mechanical and spectral features of the mPCAs are expected to be instrumental in developing <i>in situ</i> real-time monitoring systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45485714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Development of Smart Framework for Printability Maps in Additive Manufacturing of AISI 316L Stainless Steel.","authors":"Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Asif Ur Rehman, Marwan Khraisheh","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0016","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we propose a methodology to develop printability maps for the laser powder bed fusion of AISI 316L stainless steel. Regions in the process space associated with different defect types, including lack of fusion, balling, and keyhole formation, have been considered as a melt pool geometry function, determined using a finite element method model containing temperature-dependent thermophysical properties. Experiments were performed to validate the printability maps, showing a reliable correlation between experiments and simulations. The validated simulation model was then applied to collect the data by varying laser scanning speed, laser power, powder layer thickness, and powder bed preheating temperature. Following this, the collected data were used to train and test the adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system (ANFIS)-based machine learning model. The validated ANFIS model was used to develop printability maps by correlating the melt pool characteristics to the defect types. The smart printability maps produced by the proposed methodology can be used to identify the processing window to attain defects-free components, thus attaining dense parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spark Plasma Sintering of Complex Metal and Ceramic Structures Produced by Material Extrusion.","authors":"Riccardo Brucculeri, Lorenzo Airoldi, Primo Baldini, Barbara Vigani, Silvia Rossi, Simone Morganti, Ferdinando Auricchio, Umberto Anselmi-Tamburini","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0279","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alternative approaches to laser fusion for the additive manufacturing (AM) of metals are often hampered by the need for long sintering cycles. Typical sintering cycles require heating at temperatures above 80% of the melting point for several hours. The process is time- and energy-consuming, particularly when high-melting materials are involved. Applying pressure can drastically reduce the time and temperature required for densification. Recently, a particular kind of pressure-assisted sintering process known as spark plasma sintering (SPS) or field-assisted sintering (FAST) received considerable attention in academia and industry due to its ability to enhance densification. However, conventional SPS/FAST techniques cannot be directly applied to the densification of objects presenting a complex geometry. This work shows how a modified SPS/FAST setup, operating in a pseudoisostatic mode, can be used for debinding and sinter objects produced by material extrusion. This approach can be applied to metals and metal-based and ceramic-based composites when their geometry does not include closed cavities. Depending on the characteristics of the pressure-transfer medium, some level of anisotropy in the volume reduction associated with the densification can be observed. Still, it can easily be corrected by appropriately compensating sintering deformation during printing. Using this approach, the time required for the debinding and sintering can be reduced considerably. It represents an alternative approach to the AM of a wide range of inorganic materials characterized by a relatively low-cost, high material flexibility, and low environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442151/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41717016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Printing Parameters on the Surface Roughness of 3D-Printed Melt-Cast Explosive Substitutes Based on Melt Extrusion Technology.","authors":"Hu-Zeng Zong, Peng Zhang, Jing-Xiao Yao, Ga-Zi Hao, Su-Wei Wang, Guang-Pu Zhang, Hao Ren, Lei Xiao, Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0245","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the application of 3D printing technology in the energetic materials field has proved its ability to innovate traditional charging methods and fabricate complex structures to improve combustion/detonation performance. The melt extrusion technology is the most promising way to fabricate complex structures and multiple components of melt-cast explosives. In this study, a paraffine-based composite was used to substitute melt-cast explosives, and a Design of Experiments approach based on central composite design was adopted to investigate the influence of layer thickness, percent infill, extrusion temperature, and printing velocity on the roughness of printed samples. The results showed that layer thickness and printing velocity could significantly influence the roughness of printed specimens, and no obvious voids or cracks inside the specimens can be detected in computed tomography. In addition, a composite-shaped grain was successfully fabricated via the EAM-D-1 printer, which proved the feasibility of 3D printing melt-cast explosives with complex structures. This work will greatly help to achieve 3D printing melt-cast explosives with complex structures and higher accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43955422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Dispersion Stability of Antimicrobial Fillers in Photosensitive Resin for Vat Polymerization 3D Printing.","authors":"Alice Shannon, Aidan O'Sullivan, Kevin J O'Sullivan, Seamus Clifford, Leonard O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0379","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymers are widely used in healthcare due to their biocompatibility and mechanical properties; however, the use of polymers in medical products can promote biofilm formation, which can be a source of hospital-acquired infections. Due to this, there is a rising demand for inherently antimicrobial polymers for devices in contact with patients. 3D printing as a manufacturing technology has increased exponentially in recent years. Surgical guides, orthotics, and prosthetics, among other medical devices, created by vat polymerization have been used in hospitals to treat patients. Biocompatible resins are available for these applications, but there is a lack of antimicrobial resins, which would further improve the technology for clinical use. The focus of this study was to assess settling of candidate antimicrobial metal and metal oxide fillers in vat polymerization resin to determine which fillers were compatible with the resin. Dispersion stability was assessed by measuring settling over the maximum print duration of the medium priced desktop 3D printers to evaluate printability of 17 potentially antimicrobial resins. Eight materials displayed settling behavior during the test period: molybdenum oxide, zirconium oxide nanopowder, scandium oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, lanthanum oxide, and magnesium oxide. No settling was observed for manganese oxide, magnesium oxide nanopowder, titanium oxide nanopowder, copper oxide, silver oxide, zinc oxide nanopowder, zinc oxide, silver nanopowder, and gold nanopowder during the test period. This method could be applied to assess settling of other fillers introduced into 3D printing resins before actual printing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11442375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48575651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}