3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing最新文献

{"title":"Biobased Resin for Sustainable Stereolithography: 3D Printed Vegetable Oil Acrylate Reinforced with Ultra-Low Content of Nanocellulose for Fossil Resin Substitution.","authors":"Anda Barkane, Maksims Jurinovs, Sabine Briede, Oskars Platnieks, Pavels Onufrijevs, Zane Zelca, Sergejs Gaidukovs","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0294","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of biobased materials in additive manufacturing is a promising long-term strategy for advancing the polymer industry toward a circular economy and reducing the environmental impact. In commercial 3D printing formulations, there is still a scarcity of efficient biobased polymer resins. This research proposes vegetable oils as biobased components to formulate the stereolithography (SLA) resin. Application of nanocellulose filler, prepared from agricultural waste, remarkably improves the printed material's performance properties. The strong bonding of nanofibrillated celluloses' (NFCs') matrix helps develop a strong interface and produce a polymer nanocomposite with enhanced thermal properties and dynamical mechanical characteristics. The ultra-low NFC content of 0.1-1.0 wt% (0.07-0.71 vol%) was examined in printed samples, with the lowest concentration yielding some of the most promising results. The developed SLA resins showed good printability, and the printing accuracy was not decreased by adding NFC. At the same time, an increase in the resin viscosity with higher filler loading was observed. Resins maintained high transparency in the 500-700 nm spectral region. The glass transition temperature for the 0.71 vol% composition increased by 28°C when compared to the nonreinforced composition. The nanocomposite's stiffness has increased fivefold for the 0.71 vol% composition. The thermal stability of printed compositions was retained after cellulose incorporation, and thermal conductivity was increased by 11%. Strong interfacial interactions were observed between the cellulose and the polymer in the form of hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl and ester groups, which were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This research demonstrates a great potential to use acrylated vegetable oils and nanocellulose fillers as a feedstock to produce high-performance resins for sustainable SLA 3D printing.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"10 6","pages":"1272-1286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10726172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of a Multi-Material Flexible Chain Mail for the Design of an Artificial Spinal Disc to Reproduce Natural Nonlinear and Anisotropic Rotational Behavior.","authors":"Zhiyang Yu, Kristina Shea, Tino Stankovic","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0299","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inspired by the potential of architected materials for achieving biomimicking functionalities and the advancement of multi-material additive manufacturing to fabricate parts with complex structures and heterogeneous material distributions, this study investigates the feasibility of using a multi-material, flexible chain mail sheet for the design of an additively manufactured artificial spinal disc for reproducing patient-specific anisotropic and nonlinear rotational behaviors. The application of a chain mail-based structure is motivated by its similarities in behaviors compared with a natural disc's fiber network that likewise has negligible bending stiffness and shape-changing ability. The proposed approach for the chain mail sheet design includes an initial characterization of the uniaxial tensile responses of the chain mail unit cell defined as the basic building block of the chain mail sheet, modeling and response calculation, and material optimization. Results show that the additively manufactured chain mail sheet is not only able to exhibit a natural strain-stiffening rotational response but also is able to reproduce natural anisotropy of three natural disc specimens in the six most common rotational scenarios in daily life. This study shows the potential of additively manufactured mechanical-metamaterials-inspired structures for implant design to restore natural mechanics.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"1 1","pages":"1238-1250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10734901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60697331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the Effect of Short Carbon Fiber on Fused Filament Fabrication Parts Roughness via Machine Learning.","authors":"Alberto García-Collado, Pablo Eduardo Romero-Carrillo, Rubén Dorado-Vicente, Munish Kumar Gupta","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0304","DOIUrl":"10.1089/3dp.2021.0304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Along with the characteristic staircase effect, short carbon fibers, added to reinforce Fused Filament Fabrication parts, can significantly worsen the resulting surface finishing. Concerning this topic, the present work intends to improve the existing knowledge by analyzing 2400 measurements of arithmetic mean roughness <i>R</i>_a corresponding to different combinations of six process parameters: the content by weight of short carbon fibers in polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) filaments <i>f</i>, layer height <i>h</i>, surface build angle <i>θ</i>, number of walls <i>w</i>, printing speed <i>s</i>, and extruder diameter <i>d</i>. The collected measurements were represented by dispersion and main effect plots. These representations indicate that the most critical parameters are <i>θ</i>, <i>f</i>, and <i>h</i>. Besides, up to a carbon fiber content of 12%, roughness is mainly affected by the staircase effect. Hence, it would be likely to obtain reinforced parts with similar roughness to unreinforced ones. Different machine learning methods were also tested to extract more information. The prediction model of <i>R</i>_a using the Random Forest algorithm showed a correlation coefficient equal to 0.94 and a mean absolute error equal to 2.026 μm. In contrast, the J48 algorithm identified a combination of parameters (<i>h</i> = 0.1 mm, <i>d</i> = 0.6 mm, and <i>s</i> = 30 mm/s) that, independent of the build angle, provides a <i>R</i>_a < 25 μm when using a 20% carbon fiber PETG filament. An example part was printed and measured to check the models. As a result, the J48 algorithm correctly classified surfaces with low roughness (<i>R</i>_a < 25 μm), and the Random Forest algorithm predicted the <i>R</i>_a value with an average relative error of less than 8%.</p>","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"10 6","pages":"1336-1346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10726178/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138809889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic 3D Printing of Geopolymer Foam for Lightweight and Insulating Building Elements","authors":"P. Bedarf, Anna Szabo, Michele Zanini, B. Dillenburger","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139243835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of Directed Energy Deposition Simulation Results to Aluminum Material Properties","authors":"A. Flood, Frank Liou","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139253618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Reversible Four-Dimensional Printing of Shape Memory Alloys and Shape Memory Polymers in Structural Engineering: A State-of-the-Art Review","authors":"S. Varadharajan, Kirthanashri S. Vasanthan, Prachi Agarwal","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2022.0376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2022.0376","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"35 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139269410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Ingrowth Simulation Within the Hexanoid, a Novel Scaffold Design","authors":"Yuheng Wang, Luping Wang, Nicolas Soro, Pascal R. Buenzli, Zhiyong Li, Nicholas Green, Kevin Tetsworth, Deniz Erbulut","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0113","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of bone scaffold implants represents a promising approach for repairing substantial bone defects. In recent years, various traditional scaffold structures have been developed and, with advances in materials biology and computer technology, novel scaffold designs are now being evaluated. This study investigated the effects of a novel scaffold unit cell design (Hexanoid) through a computational framework, comparing its performance to that of four well-known scaffold designs. A finite element analysis numerical simulation and mechanical testing were conducted to analyze the dynamic bone ingrowth process and the mechanical strength of the different scaffold designs. Bone formation within the Ti-6Al-4V metal scaffolds was simulated based on the theory of bone remodeling. The outcomes of the study reveal that the novel scaffold design (Hexanoid) attains a notably elevated ultimate bone volume fraction (∼27%), it outperformed conventional unit-cell designs found in extant literature, such as cubic design with 19.1% and circular design with 16.9% in relation to the bone-to-cavity volume ratio. This novel structure also has comparable mechanical strength to that of human compact bone tissue. While the design was not optimal in every category, it provided a very satisfactory overall performance regarding certain key aspects of bone performances in comparison with the five scaffold structures evaluated. Although limitations exist in this project, similar methodologies can also be applied in the primary evaluation of new scaffold structures, resulting in improved efficiency and effectiveness. In future research, the results of this project may be integrated with clinical rehabilitation processes to offer a critical evaluation for optimization of additional novel scaffold unit-cell structure designs.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"61 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135092986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Frequency Parametric Study of Electroplated Conductive Filaments in 3D Printed Microwave Topologies","authors":"Rolando Salazar, Dreidy Vasquez, Gabriel Hermosilla, Eva Rajo-Iglesias, Francisco Pizarro","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0074","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a high-frequency characterization from 1 up to 10 GHz of electroplated conductive filaments in 3D printed microwave topologies. This study implements different microstrip lines and antennas to compare their performance as-is and with the electroplating process. The results for the microstrip lines show a significant decrease in losses for the electroplated devices, even reaching loss levels of pure copper devices. In addition, considerations about the required thickness for the conductor are analyzed by considering the skin depth requirement for nonideal conductors. The results for a patch antenna measurement confirm that the antenna height can be reduced to extremely low levels.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"10 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135431526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Raster Orientation and Feeding Rate on the Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide Printed by Fused-Filament Fabrication","authors":"Carlos Belei, Sergio T. Amancio-Filho","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0173","url":null,"abstract":"Fused-filament fabrication (FFF) is an extremely popular additive manufacturing process due to its affordability, relative ease to operate, and wide range of possible materials. It is also notorious for the hundreds of different process variables, which often are overlooked in favor of parameters considered to be more relevant for mechanical performance, such as printing and bed temperatures, printing speed, and layer height. Thus, this study is aimed at evaluating some of the less frequently studied process variables, namely raster orientation angles (and their stacking sequence) and feeding rate. Based on this, the influence of these variables on the tensile and flexural properties of short carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide printed by FFF was assessed. The study concluded that stacking layers with raster angles of 0°/90° and +30°/−30° resulted in the best trade-off between tensile and bending properties, with the former reaching ultimate tensile and flexural strengths of 111 ± 1 and 137 ± 5 MPa, respectively. The study also found that there was no increase in part density or mechanical properties when the volumetric flow was increased up to 120% of the intended road volume. Therefore, the hypothesis that an increase in flow rate would result in less inter-road gaps could not be confirmed with the current setup.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"22 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Graphene-Based Coating 3D Printing Process on the Remanence and Corrosion of Sintered NdFeB Magnets","authors":"Julio Cesar Serafim Casini, Isolda Costa, Rubens Nunes de Faria","doi":"10.1089/3dp.2023.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2023.0151","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes a 3D fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing process using a graphene-impregnated polylactic acid (G-PLA) filament to create a new type of rigid, plastic, nonconductive, and anticorrosion layer. Therefore, the possibility of 3D printing a plastic layer using FDM methods is demonstrated herein. A commercial magnet such as N35 NdFeB can be used to produce an efficient shielding film by additive manufacturing. As the coating layer thickness increases, the remanence decreases from 1.17 to 1.01 T for the G-PLA coating. Visual tests were performed after exposure to all aqueous NaCl test solutions (0.5 and 1 M), and no evidence of corrosion of the coating was obtained.","PeriodicalId":54341,"journal":{"name":"3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing","volume":"22 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}