Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Engineering Development of a Bi-directional Arterial Cannula with Peripheral Access for Cardiopulmonary Bypass.","authors":"Joel D Graham, Thomas J Roussel, Steven C Koenig, Mark S Slaughter","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00820-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-026-00820-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a well-established procedure that uses cannulae during cardiac surgery to drain and return blood. In challenging cases (e.g. aortic dissection, reoperation), peripheral cannulation in vessels such as the axillary artery are used. However, standard cannulae at these sites may inhibit blood flow to distal extremities or require grafts that increase surgical time. This study evaluates a novel, flexible-tip arterial cannula designed for bi-directional flow.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 22Fr body cannula was developed to achieve a pressure loss (ΔP) < 100 mmHg and 80/20 bi-directional flow distribution between tip outlets. A full factorial design of experiments (2-levels, 4 factors: tip A-width, B-height, C-depth, D-outlet shape) was completed to evaluate sixteen cannula tip designs using benchtop hydraulic and bi-directional flow models. Prototypes were fabricated using 3D printing via stereolithography (Form 3 + , Formlabs, Somerville, MA) with a flexible (50A) cured resin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most efficient cannula design (A - , B + , C + , D + ) achieved 4 L/min of total bi-directional flow at a ΔP of 74 mmHg. The average ΔP at 4 L/min for all candidate design was 87 ± 9 mmHg (range 72-100 mmHg). Primary outlet flow distribution averaged 81% ± 6% (range 70-95%) at 1-5 L/min flow rates. Tip width had the greatest influence on ΔP, followed by outlet shape, depth, and their interactions, respectively. Cylindrical and prolate spheroid shaped tips outperformed spherical designs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel cannula demonstrated feasibility and proof-of-concept as evidenced by bi-directional flow with ΔP comparable to commercial cannulae. Future work will involve CFD modeling and pre-clinical validation (e.g. hemolysis, cadaver fit) to support development of a low-cost, clinical grade bi-directional flow cannula for peripheral CPB to reduce surgical complexity and lower risk of adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"317-326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic Shear Stress Patterns in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Healthy Aortas: A CFD Study.","authors":"Spyridon C Katsoudas, Panagiotis D Linardopoulos, Anastasios A Raptis, Konstantinos G Moulakakis, John D Kakisis, Konstantinos T Spanos, Miltiadis I Matsagkas, Athanasios D Giannoukas, Christos G Manopoulos, Efstratios E Tzirtzilakis, Michalis A Xenos","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00823-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-026-00823-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) remain a major cause of mortality, with rupture risk still primarily assessed by maximum diameter. Specialized hemodynamic indices from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) may provide predictive insight into AAA progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comparative CFD study of 10 healthy-control infrarenal aortas and 15 AAAs, utilizing the open source software SimVascular. Blood was modeled as a Newtonian fluid and pulsatile inlet conditions were applied, extracted from multiscale modeling. Three-element Windkessel (RCR) models were imposed at the iliac outlets to capture physiologic flow distribution. Time Averaged Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS), Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) and Relative Residence Time (RRT) surface area coverage exposed to pathological regimes were quantified and compared between healthy and pathological models. Statistical analysis in two separate regions, the proximal neck/aneurysm sac and the iliacs, was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathological-AAA models exhibited significantly bigger surface coverage of low TAWSS and high RRT compared to the healthy aortas in both studied areas. Although the coverage area of OSI was larger in AAAs, it didn't reach statistical significance at the infrarenal part, but only at the iliac region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The surface area exposed to lower shear and prolonged residence time provides strong evidence of AAA pathology in contrast with OSI, which offers limited information and cannot be a standalone index of pathology. These findings suggest that integrating TAWSS and RRT into clinical assessment may improve the prediction of aneurysm progression and rupture risk beyond diameter-based criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"327-342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Behavior of Valve Stents in Diverse Bicuspid Aortic Valves: Influence of Structural Design and Annular Eccentricity.","authors":"Xiang Shen, Huilin Yao, Zewen He, Yizhe Wang, Yue Xu, Qiang Liu, Jiahao Chen, Jianwei Gao, Lei Wang, Yan Wang, Hongyu Liang","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00829-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-026-00829-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the expansion mechanics of transcatheter heart valves in bicuspid aortic valve (BAV)anatomies, quantifying the infl uence of stent design and annular eccentricity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finite element simulations were performed to compare two self-expanding (E, V) and one balloon-expandable (S) stent across four BAV morphologies (Type 0, LR, LN, RN) with varying annular eccentricity (0.2-0.4).Key metrics included post-implant stent ellipticity, stent stress, and aortic wall stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The eccentricity of the valve stent after implantation increased with the increase of the eccentricity of theBAV valve ring. Among the four BAV types, the balloon-expandable stent (S-stent) showed higher stent stress andaortic wall stress than the self-expanding stent, but its expansion uniformity was the best. The analysis reveals afundamental trade-off between achieving optimal expansion uniformity and minimizing implant-induced stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides a biomechanical framework for personalized stent selection in BAV-TAVR, indicatingthat the choice of the optimal device depends on the priority given to specifi c clinical outcomes (such as sealingvs.long-term durability).</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"367-383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of Photoplethysmography: Model Assessment and Validation.","authors":"Adrien Lefieux, Justine Daraize, Fabien Vergnet, Marina Vidrascu, Marie Willemet, Aniss Bendjoudi, Damiano Lombardi, Miguel A Fernández","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00826-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-026-00826-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a well-known technique employed to assess optically perfused bio-tissue volume changes. A PPG apparatus consists of a light emitter and a receptor. The analysis of the received light is used to infer properties of the illuminated tissues. This paper aims at presenting a novel distributed mathematical model for PPG signals, which combines a poroelastic model of tissue perfusion with a diffusion model for light absorption and scattering.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assume that the tissues undergo small deformations, allowing for a linear poroelastic description of perfusion. Since many PPG devices are applied to the fingertips (due to the rich vascularization in that area) we model the system specifically on the finger, with arterial blood pulse pressure serving as the primary perfusion driver. The numerical discretization of the governing equations is carried out using the finite element method. After calibration of the model, 216,000 simulations are performed with varying parameters (quasi-Monte Carlo approach). The aggregated results for two key biomarkers, AC/DC PPG amplitude ratio and pulse pressure, are compared against experimental PPG and pulse pressure measurements obtained from 20 volunteers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the prescribed parameter ranges, numerical simulations successfully reproduce the AC/DC PPG amplitude biomarker in both the red and infrared wavelengths, with a few outliers observed for the green. Furthermore, in the vicinity of the combined red and infrared measured biomarkers, there are simulated biomarkers whose corresponding pulse pressures closely match the mapped-to-finger measured pulse pressure, with a difference of less than <math><mrow><mn>1</mn> <mspace></mspace> <mi>mmHg</mi></mrow> </math> .</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work demonstrates the relevance of the proposed mathematical model for simulating PPG signals and highlights its potential for estimating tissue perfusion parameters, such as arterial pulse pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"281-299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147730662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Peripheral Revascularization Planning in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia Using HarVI: A Digital Twin Approach.","authors":"Cyrus Tanade, Christopher W Jensen, Guinevere Ferreira, Amanda Randles","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00825-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-026-00825-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a leading cause of limb loss and morbidity worldwide, with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) representing its most severe presentation. Although image-guided endovascular interventions are routinely performed, clinicians currently lack tools that provide real-time, patient-specific predictions of hemodynamic outcomes to guide revascularization decisions. Existing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches can recover pre-operative hemodynamics but are typically too slow or insufficiently integrated into clinical workflows to support interactive, intraoperative planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extend HarVI (HARVEY Virtual Intervention), a previously established digital twin framework, to the peripheral circulation and evaluate its use for real-time prediction of postoperative blood flow in patients with superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions. HarVI integrates one-dimensional CFD with machine learning to enable rapid assessment of patient-specific revascularization strategies. Key components include: (1) automated boundary condition tuning using patient-averaged and optimization-based approaches; (2) simulation of a wide range of endovascular interventions via a machine-learned surrogate model; and (3) validation of predicted postoperative hemodynamics against clinical duplex ultrasound measurements. Performance was evaluated retrospectively in a cohort of seven patients with SFA disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HarVI accurately predicted postoperative peak systolic velocities and reproduced full 1D CFD results across a synthetic revascularization landscape. Surrogate model predictions closely matched high-fidelity simulations while enabling rapid exploration of intervention scenarios, supporting near-real-time evaluation of treatment options.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results establish HarVI as a promising digital twin platform for real-time, patient-specific intervention planning in PAD. By enabling rapid, data-driven prediction of postoperative hemodynamics, HarVI opens the door to interactive intraoperative decision support with the potential to improve revascularization outcomes in patients with CLTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"300-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13340750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind the Gap: Human and AI Uncertainties in Cardiac MRI Segmentation.","authors":"Qiao Lin, Xin Chen, Chao Chen, Nikesh Jathanna, Peter P Swoboda, Shahnaz Jamil-Copley, Jonathan M Garibaldi","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00832-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-026-00832-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study conducts quantitative and qualitative analyses to investigate the relationship between human-annotated and AI-derived uncertainty in cardiac MRI segmentation, aiming to enhance the reliability of AI-based cardiac MRI segmentation models and foster better human-AI collaboration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CMRI dataset used in the experiments consists of 483 scans, each with two types of labels: an annotated segmentation mask and an uncertainty score per CMRI slice, both provided by clinicians. First, the AI-derived uncertainty estimated by the fuzzy-based algorithm is utilized to indicate the quality of segmentation. Multiple levels of uncertainties are derived from the method, including class-wise, slice-wise, subject-wise, etc. Subsequently, they are compared to the human-annotated uncertainty scores. Finally, qualitative analyses are conducted with clinicians to investigate all uncertainty measures potentially impacting real clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental results show a strong inverse correlation between AI-derived uncertainty and Dice score, a standard metric for segmentation quality, indicating that lower uncertainty predicts higher segmentation quality. Additionally, it is found that human-annotated uncertainty coincides with AI-derived uncertainty for some anatomical structures (e.g., papillary muscle). However, high human-annotated uncertainty does not necessarily correlate with low AI segmentation quality, and there is no obvious association between human-annotated uncertainty and the size of the segmented structure. Concluded from qualitative analysis with clinicians, humans are better at utilizing prior knowledge (e.g. cardiac structural and contextual information) for uncertainty scoring, while the current AI method lacks this capability and is mainly data-driven for decision-making and uncertainty estimation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI-derived uncertainty could be utilized as quality control for CMRI segmentation. Humans utilize structural and contextual information to formulate uncertainty, while AI models currently lack this capability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"268-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147624833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucin-Based Biomimetic Patches for Dynamic Heart Repair: Auxetic Structures and Translational Challenges.","authors":"Rishatani Gunasegaran, Rania Hussien Al-Ashwal, Norhana Jusoh, Muhammad Hanif Ramlee, Sadeq M Al-Hazmy","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00824-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-026-00824-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This scoping review examines strategies to improve adhesion and integration of epicardial patches within the dynamic and wet cardiac environment. It emphasizes mucin-based bioadhesives and auxetic designs as potential solutions for long-term tissue-conformal myocardial repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Approximately 150 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024 were identified through a structured literature search conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The studies cover adhesive biomaterials, structural patch designs, and epicardial tissue repair approaches were screened and thematically synthesized to map current advances, limitations, and translational gaps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Commercially available epicardial patches fail to maintain adhesion under cyclic loading and fluid-rich conditions. Among bioadhesives, mucin demonstrates promising wet adhesion, viscoelasticity, and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, its translation is limited by batch-to-batch variability, purification challenges, and potential immunogenicity. Dopamine-, hyaluronic acid-, and alginate-based adhesives provide alternatives but remain constrained by oxidative instability, limitted long-term durability, or inadequate mechanical performance. Structural innovations such as auxetic geometries improve patch flexibility, strain distribution, and conformability compared with multilayered or microneedle-based strategies. However, challenges related to fabrication, sterilization, scalability and potential interference of cardiac anatomy andphysiology require further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The synergistic integration of mucin-based adhesives with auxetic designs presents a compelling pathway toward durable, biocompatible, and tissue-conformal cardiac patches. Addressing manufacturing scalability, reproducibility, and immunological safety will be critical to advancing these concepts toward clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"249-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147312480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable Machine Learning for Feature-Based Classification of Platelet Activation in Rotary Blood Pumps.","authors":"Christopher Blum, Michael Neidlin","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00828-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-026-00828-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thrombosis in rotary blood pumps arises from complex flow conditions that remain difficult to translate into reliable and interpretable risk predictions using existing computational models. This limitation reflects an incomplete understanding of how specific flow features contribute to thrombus initiation and growth. This study introduces an feature-based supervised machine learning framework for spatial assessment of activation-based thrombogenic risk based directly on computational fluid dynamics-derived flow features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A logistic regression model combined with a structured feature-selection pipeline is used to derive a compact and physically interpretable feature set, including nonlinear feature combinations. The framework is trained using spatial risk patterns from a validated, macro-scale platelet-activation-based thrombosis model for two representative scenarios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model reproduces the labeled risk distributions and identifies distinct sets of flow features associated with increased thrombosis risk. When applied to a centrifugal pump, despite training on a single axial pump operating point, the model predicts plausible thrombosis-prone regions. These results indicate that interpretable machine learning can link local flow features to activation-based thrombogenic risk while remaining computationally efficient and mechanistically transparent. The low computational cost enables rapid thrombogenicity screening without repeated or costly physics-based simulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed framework complements physics-based thrombosis and platelet-activation modeling and provides a methodological basis for integrating interpretable machine learning into CFD-driven thrombogenicity analysis and device design workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"357-366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13260103/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147582716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Invasive Evaluation of Pulmonary Artery Stenosis in Congenital Heart Disease Patients Using Phase Contrast MRI.","authors":"Rupak K Banerjee, Gavin A D'Souza, Shreyash M Manegaonkar, Israel O Ajiboye, Michael D Taylor","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00843-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-026-00843-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Branch pulmonary artery (PA) stenosis is a significant congenital heart defect causing elevated pulmonary blood pressure, trans-stenotic pressure drop, and abnormal differential blood flow to the lungs. We propose combined pressure-flow diagnostic parameters, pressure drop coefficient (CDP) and normalized energy loss (Ē_loss) for improved delineation of stenosis severity. In extension to our previous benchtop experimental study, we performed in vitro experiments using phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC MRI) to evaluate the diagnostic parameters and stenosis severity non-invasively.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Subject-specific branch PA test sections representing the main, left, and right PAs (MPA, LPA, and RPA) with a discrete LPA stenosis were manufactured from medical images using additive manufacturing. Three clinically-relevant stenosis severities, 70% area stenosis (AS), 80% AS, and 90% AS, were evaluated at 2 LPM cardiac output under pathophysiologic hemodynamics generated using a mock circulatory loop. 2D (all severities) and 3D (only 70% AS) PC MRI scans were performed to compute the velocity (or flow) and derived pressure drop across the PA test section. The CDP_LPA and <math> <msub><mover><mi>E</mi> <mo>¯</mo></mover> <mrow><mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi>A</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> were evaluated for the three stenosis severities using MRI measurements and compared against results from the benchtop study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CDP_LPA increased with an increase in LPA stenosis severity [70% AS: 11 (2D PC), 11.5 (3D PC); 80% AS: 34.6; 90% AS: 154.2]. These values resulted in an absolute difference of within 107 (2D PC) and 3 (3D PC) compared to the benchtop values. Interestingly, the CDP_LPA computed by all three methods (benchtop, 2D and 3D PC MRI) showed distinct and non-overlapping ranges for each stenosis severity [70% AS: 11.0-14.5; 80% AS: 34.6-60.7; and 90% AS: 154.2-261.6]. The <math> <msub><mover><mi>E</mi> <mo>¯</mo></mover> <mrow><mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi>A</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> (absolute) generally increased with an increase in LPA stenosis severity, except for 90% [70% AS: - 435 mJ per Q_LPA (2D PC), - 376 mJ per Q_LPA (3D PC); 80% AS: - 945 mJ per Q_LPA; 90% AS: - 933 mJ per Q_LPA (Q_LPA-LPA flow rate)].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CDP_LPA demonstrates an improved diagnostic capability over <math> <msub><mover><mi>E</mi> <mo>¯</mo></mover> <mrow><mi>l</mi> <mi>o</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>L</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mi>A</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> in accurately delineating unilateral PA stenosis severity. Further, PC MRI is a comprehensive and safe clinical modality for the non-invasive diagnosis of branch PA stenosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148058374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminating Breast Cancer Patients by Spectral Analysis of Arterial Pulse Waveforms.","authors":"Chao-Tsung Chen, Ting-Wei Yeh, Yi-Sheng Chou, Chi-Feng Cheng, Yi-Hsuan Lai, Chung-Hua Hsu, Hsin Hsiu","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00842-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-026-00842-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) remains a major health threat, highlighting the need for accessible screening. Characteristics of the cardiovascular system can be altered in BC patients. This study explored a noninvasive method combining arterial pulse-waveform analysis and classification to compare arterial pulse-waveform characteristics between BC patients (n = 51)) and age-matched controls (n = 76)).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From one-minute radial waveform recordings, 40 harmonic indices (amplitude proportions, phase angles, and their variability) were derived. Significant differences in pulse-waveform indices were observed between groups, suggesting altered pulse-wave transmission conditions in BC patients. Two classifiers were compared: machine learning and a novel pulse-distribution analysis (PDA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PDA demonstrated an acceptable discrimination with an AUC of 0.74, outperforming machine learning (AUC up to 0.58). Subgroup analysis by clinical factors such as TNM stage showed variable performance, with AUCs ranging from 0.66-0.93. Discrimination appeared to improve with disease progression (AUC 0.86 for stage IV), suggesting that tumor-induced vascular alterations may affect pulse-wave transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The primary contribution of this work is the identification of distinct pulse-waveform signatures in BC patients, providing a physiological basis for future development of noninvasive screening tools. The proposed method, characterized by its low cost and ease of use, warrants further validation in larger cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147977347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}