Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Towards the Integration of an Anti-Contractile Compound Within Drug-Coated Balloon Therapy.","authors":"Dima BaniHani, John F Eberth, Francis G Spinale, Vipul C Chitalia, Jahid Ferdous, Vijaya B Kolachalama, Tarek Shazly","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00798-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00798-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Drug-coated balloon (DCB) therapy is a promising approach to treat peripheral artery disease (PAD), wherein lesion site preparation, balloon inflation, and the local delivery of anti-proliferative drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX) restores and retains lumen patency. Although largely successful in PAD applications, broader clinical deployment is in part limited by the occurrence of late lumen loss due to inward vessel remodeling at the treatment site, a maladaptive chronic response that has been clinically-observed to coincide with elevations in resident vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) tone. This study aims to explore a novel strategy to improve DCB efficacy via drug-based attenuation of vSMC tone at the treatment site.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As a strategy to mitigate this post-DCB failure mode, we consider the local co-delivery of PTX and an additional drug that induces relaxation of vSMCs, specifically the clinically-approved anti-hypertensive drug valsartan (VAL). The potential benefit of drug-based regulation of vSMC tone is supported by recent theoretical studies that predict inward remodeling in the presence of hypertension and endothelial cell dysfunction, both common co-morbidities in PAD patients and established causes of elevated vSMC contractility. The specific selection of VAL as the anti-contractile payload constituent is motivated by its well-known pharmacokinetic and safety profiles, and the notion that current clinical use and familiarity could promote rapid translation in the context of DCBs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our obtained results quantify the potency of VAL to induce local vSMC relaxation in arterial tissue, demonstrate the feasibility of PTX and VAL co-delivery using the canonical excipient urea for balloon coating formation, and elucidate key structure-function relations to facilitate efficient drug delivery with these novel coatings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study supports the continued evaluation of VAL for inclusion in DCB formulations due to its potential to redirect post-treatment arterial remodeling. Future in-vivo studies which examine the co-delivery of PTX and VAL in the context of DCBs are needed to establish both the safety and efficacy of this novel approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Simulations Show Proof-of-Concept for Optogenetic Suppression of Ectopic Activity in Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy.","authors":"Jamie S Yang, Alexander R Ochs, Chelsea E Gibbs, Patrick M Boyle","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00794-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00794-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Myocardial infarction results in extensive cardiac remodeling that can lead to heart failure. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CM) injection can improve heart function but may lead to engraftment-associated ventricular tachycardia (VT). Optogenetics uses light stimulation to control electrical activity of cells genetically modified to express light-sensitive proteins (opsins). This study aims to use computational simulations to test the feasibility of optogenetically suppressing hPSC-CM ectopic activity without inhibiting the ability to undergo excitation by upstream wavefronts (i.e., engrafted cells could activate harmoniously with surrounding host myocardium during propagation of a normal sinus beat).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We simulated electrophysiology in single-cell hPSC-CM and tissue-scale ventricular models derived from histology images. The latter comprised host myocardium, hPSC-CM graft, and non-conductive scar. Ventricular and hPSC-CM cellular models were used in the host myocardium and hPSC-CM graft regions, respectively. Optogenetic modification of hPSC-CMs was simulated via incorporation of a photocycle model with the approximate properties of WiChR, a light-sensitive potassium channel. To test the efficacy of the proposed approach for silencing graft activity, we simulated sustained blue light illumination at 488 nm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sustained optogenetic stimulation suppressed spontaneous excitation altogether in opsin-expressing hPSC-CM models while maintaining cellular excitability. At the tissue scale, optogenetic suppression of VT-associated ectopic excitations was feasible with epicardial illumination. Opsin-expressing grafts in optogenetically silenced histology models remained excitable under simulated sinus rhythm-like excitation from the endocardium; however, potentially arrhythmogenic spatial heterogeneity of action potential duration was seen in model geometries with greater wall thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our simulations suggest WiChR-based optogenetic suppression of hPSC-CM graft-associated arrhythmia is likely feasible but must be carefully calibrated to avoid inadvertently pro-arrhythmic side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Neo-Sinus on Thrombogenicity of Aortic Valve Prostheses: Experimental Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Saskia Thoenissen, Ilona Mager, Claudio A Luisi, Markus Mous, Thomas Schmitz-Rode, Ulrich Steinseifer, Johanna C Clauser","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00792-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00792-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is the standard treatment for patients with aortic diseases at high surgical risk. Transcatheter heart valve prostheses (THV) are inserted into the aortic valve, creating a new area between the native and artificial leaflets. This area, known as neo-sinus, increases the thrombogenicity of THVs. But there is a lack of testing methods that evaluate thrombogenicity in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To analyze the flow field within the native sinus and the neo-sinus, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was performed with a thrombosis tester. Additionally, a comparative study was conducted with porcine blood on two polycarbonate urethane valves, with and without neo-sinus, respectively. Blood samples collected every hour were analyzed for platelet count, coagulation via ROTEM parameters, and plasma-free hemoglobin. Thrombus formation was detected optically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PIV measurements yield a physiological flow field in the aortic root that were consistent with those reported in literature. The analyzed blood parameters reveal no obvious difference between the valve with neo-sinus and the valve without. A higher amount of thrombus material for the valve with neo-sinus was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The visualized flow field shows low velocities and stagnation zones due to the presence of native leaflets. Clot formation at the heart valve prostheses are in accordance with in-vivo findings. The benchmark of the two valves indicates an increased thrombogenic potential due to the neo-sinus. The thrombosis tester simulates the natural environment after TAVR. Thereby, newly developed THVs can be evaluated in vitro and consequently optimized regarding their thrombogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demonstration of a Mechanical External Biventricular Assist Device for Resuscitative Thoracotomy.","authors":"Kristof Sarosi, Thomas Kummer, Thomas Roesgen, Stijn Vandenberghe, Stefanos Demertzis, Patrick Jenny","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00793-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00793-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Resuscitative thoracotomy, a high-risk procedure involving open heart massage, serves as a last resort for life-threatening conditions like penetrating chest wounds, severe blunt trauma, or surgery-related cardiac arrest. However, its success rate remains low, even when primarily carried out by highly trained specialists. This research investigates the potential of an external biventricular assist device (BiVAD). By replacing open heart massage with our BiVAD device during resuscitative thoracotomy, we aim to achieve sufficient cardiac output, maintain physiological pressure levels, and potentially improve patient survival in these critical situations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proposed BiVAD system features a 3D printed patch design for direct cardiac attachment, an actuation device, and a vacuum pump. The straightforward design allows quick application in emergency situations. The BiVAD system was tested in an in vitro hydraulic mock circulation, utilizing a silicone heart. Three actuation modes were tested for proof-of-concept: manual patch actuation, standard cardiac hand massage, and utilizing full capabilities of our BiVAD patch system with actuation device operation. Overall performance was assessed on ventricular pressure and flow rate data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Focusing on achieving the optimal cardiac output of 1.5 L/min (critical for patient survival), we tested our patch system against cardiac hand massage at a fixed rate of 60 bpm. The results include raw and statistically evaluated flow rate and pressure measurements for both the left and the right ventricle. Notably, our BiVAD system not only achieved to operate in the range of required cardiac output but also significantly reduced peak pressure in both ventricles compared to standard cardiac hand massage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This initial evaluation using a silicone heart model demonstrates the potential of our BiVAD system to achieve sufficient cardiac output while reducing peak pressure compared to cardiac hand massage. Further development holds promise for effective cardiac support in resuscitative thoracotomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144585645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Effect of Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair on Left Ventricular Flow Features\".","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00795-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00795-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction Model for Thermal Lesions in Radiofrequency Ablation Based on an Artificial Neural Network.","authors":"Tong Ren, Yuqi Wu, Xiaomei Wu, Shengjie Yan","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00790-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00790-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Radiofrequency cardiac ablation (RFCA) is a widely utilized treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). However, its therapeutic efficacy can be compromised by either insufficient or excessive ablation, potentially leading to serious adverse effects. Therefore, precise control of the thermal lesion size generated during RFCA is critical for surgical success. Neural network is an implementation method of artificial intelligence, which has a strong ability to learn and adapt to complex data patterns, and shows significant application potential in the field of prediction. This study aimed to construct an artificial neural network (ANN) model capable of predicting the depth, width, and volume of ablation thermal lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-branch ANN model was developed to predict lesion size on the basis of four key parameters: RF power, ablation duration, catheter‒tissue contact force, and contact angle. The training dataset for the model was derived from a finite element model of radiofrequency cardiac ablation. The model incorporated two types of RF power; catheter-tissue contact forces of 10 g, 20 g, 30 g, and 40 g; and contact angles of 0°, 45°, and 90°. The test dataset was obtained from ex vivo experiments conducted on a swine model, involving ten sets of experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The finite element model effectively simulated the process of thermal lesion formation during RFCA, generating a substantial amount of effective training data. The ex vivo experiments provided reliable test data. The two-branch ANN model was able to predict the depth, width, and volume of thermal lesions, with errors of 0.1986 mm, 0.7891 mm, and 4.9384 mm³, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study introduces a two-branch ANN model that serves as an efficient and reliable tool for predicting lesion size for RFCA. The two-branch ANN model proposed in this study enhances the model's ability to fit complex relationships through activation functions and nonlinear combination features. Compared with other models, it has superior predictive capabilities regarding the depth, width, and volume of ablation thermal lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Biophysics Co-Simulation of a Percutaneous Catheter VAD within a Contractile Left Heart.","authors":"Greg W Burgreen, James F Antaki","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00788-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00788-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are most often computationally evaluated as isolated devices subjected to idealized steady-state blood flow conditions. In clinical practice, these devices are connected to, or within, diseased pulsatile ventricles of the heart, which can dramatically affect the hemodynamics, hence hemocompatibility-related adverse events such as hemolysis, bleeding, and thrombosis. Therefore, improved simulations are needed to more realistically represent the coupling of devices to the assisted ventricle.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To address this need, we present a hybrid biophysics co-simulation strategy to evaluate the blood flow dynamics of a percutaneous catheter VAD in-situ within a pulsatile ventricle coupled to the circulation. Our hybrid strategy utilizes a computationally inexpensive lumped parameter network (LPN) to compute cardiac dynamics and provide one-way coupled physiologically-realistic boundary conditions to a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate detailed hemodynamics of the VAD and the VAD-assisted left heart.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Numerical simulation of a high-speed rotodynamic catheter pump configured as a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) generated a realistic reproduction of the unsteady blood velocity field over one complete cardiac cycle. The biophysics co-simulation strategy resulted in approximately one order of magnitude speed-up compared to a bidirectionally coupled CFD co-simulation. The simulated flow fields revealed persistent swirling blood flow within the ventricle, unsteady flow discharged to aorta by the pump, and significant variations of surface washing around the pump housing during the cardiac cycle.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study represents a stepping stone toward physiologically and anatomically realistic evaluation of mechanical circulatory support devices that directly complements and reduces extensive in-vivo studies to mitigates risk of adverse events in the clinical setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Stenting on Hematological, Hemorheological and Hemodynamic Parameters, in Various Stent Configurations and Flow Conditions.","authors":"D Kokkinidou, K Kapnisis, M Chrysostomou, C Shammas, A Anayiotos, E Kaliviotis","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00791-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00791-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Percutaneous coronary intervention is used extensively for the restoration of blood flow in diseased arteries. The influence of stent implantation on the physiology and flow of blood is an important and still not fully understood issue. The current work evaluated possible stent-induced changes in hematological, hemorheological and hemodynamic parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experiments were performed for blood flow in single and overlapping stent configurations, in both straight and curved tube geometries, in order to reproduce various stented coronary artery morphologies. Two different flow regimes were utilized to reflect a range of physiological and more intense flow conditions. Blood samples were obtained from a healthy human population and commercially available stents were inserted in clear perfluoroalkoxy alkane tubing, connected to a syringe/syringe-pump/pressure-sensor setup. Hematological measurements, red blood cell (RBC) deformability and aggregation, and whole blood viscosity tests were performed using standard techniques. The pressure drop across the stented area was measured via an in-line pressure sensing setup.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In terms of hematology, RBC count, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular volume show a slight influence from the longer exposure to elevated stresses. Regarding hemorheology, the most profound effect was observed on RBC aggregation, with an increasing trend primarily in the female population of the study. Further, differences were found in the hemodynamics of the flow, as the pressure drop was altered according to the stent configuration. The viscosity of the blood samples is also found affected in the higher flow rate cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of the stent was found to have a distinct effect on specific hemorheological and hemodynamic parameters according to the setup and stent configuration.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144499337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fully Automatic Pipeline of Identification, Segmentation, and Subtyping of Aortic Dissection from CT Angiography.","authors":"Changjin Zhuang, Yanan Wu, Qianqian Qi, Shuiqing Zhao, Yu Sun, Jie Hou, Wei Qian, Benqiang Yang, Shouliang Qi","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00787-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00787-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Aortic dissection (AD) is a rare condition with a high mortality rate, necessitating accurate and rapid diagnosis. This study develops an automated deep learning pipeline for identifying, segmenting, and Stanford subtyping AD using computed tomography angiography (CTA) images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This pipeline consists of four interconnected modules: aorta segmentation, AD identification, true lumen (TL) and false lumen (FL) segmentation, and Stanford subtyping. In the aorta segmentation module, a 3D full-resolution nnU-Net is trained. The segmented aorta's boundary is extracted using morphological operations and projected from multiple views in the AD identification module. AD identification is then performed using the multi-view projection data. For AD cases, a 3D nnU-Net is further trained for TL/FL segmentation based on the segmented aorta. Finally, a network is trained for Stanford subtyping using multi-view maximum density projections of the segmented TL/FL. A total of 386 CTA scans were collected for training, validation, and testing of the pipeline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For AD identification, the method achieved an accuracy of 0.979. The TL/FL segmentation for TypeA-AD and Type-B-AD achieved average Dice coefficient of 0.968 for TL and 0.971 for FL. For Stanford subtyping, the multi-view method achieved an accuracy of 0.990.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The automated pipeline enables rapid and accurate identification, segmentation, and Stanford subtyping of AD using CTA images, potentially accelerating the diagnosis and treatment. The segmented aorta and TL/FL can also serve as references for physicians. The code, models, and pipeline are publicly available at https://github.com/zhuangCJ/A-pipeline-of-AD.git .</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144250870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Initial Opening Morphology of Polymeric Valves on Hemodynamic Performance.","authors":"Shihong Liu, Xiaofan Zheng, Yuqi Cao, Wenshuo Wang, Lai Wei, Shengzhang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00789-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00789-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In order to explore the correlation between the initial morphology of the valve and hemodynamic and valve dynamic performance, this study is based on the fact that polymeric prostheses are more convenient to manufacture, and have the possibility of preparing complex geometric shapes and directly obtaining the initial morphologies of different valves, aims to research the effect of different initial opening morphologies of polymeric valves on hemodynamic performance.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Valve models with different opening shapes were established. Polyurethane materials were used to manufacture the valve samples by dip-coating molding. The stress distribution of three different initial opening shapes was compared by finite element simulation. The hemodynamics and the leaflets dynamic performance of the three polymeric valves were analyzed by in vitro pulsatile flow experiments and particle image velocity measurement experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The valve morphology at 0.025s, 0.053s, and 0.079s was selected as the initial shape and was recorded as PHV1, PHV2, and PHV3. Finite element analysis found that during the systolic phase, the stress concentration area of PHV1 was the highest among the three types of valves, while during the diastolic phase, the stress concentration area of PHV1 was the lowest. Similarly, the maximum principal strain of PHV1, PHV2, and PHV3 decreased in turn at the time of peak systole but increased in turn at the time of peak diastole. In vitro testing results showed that valves with smaller opening areas had smaller regurgitant volume, while valves with larger opening areas had larger EOA, as well as smaller vorticity and viscous shear stress.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Valves with a smaller initial opening area have a better effect in preventing regurgitation, whereas valve with a larger initial opening area has a larger opening area and a lower risk of thrombosis. Therefore, comprehensive considerations are needed when designing the initial morphology of the polymeric artificial heart valve.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}