Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Catheter-Based Method for Denervation of Afferent Renal Nerves in Sheep.","authors":"Arthur de la Cruz-Lynch, Brianna Dailey-Krempel, Alex Dayton, Duc T Nguyen, Roman Tyshynsky, Dusty Van Helden, Matthew Lahti, John Carney, Louise Evans, Lucy Vulchanova, John Osborn","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00786-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00786-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Catheter-based total renal denervation (TRDN) has recently gained FDA approval to lower blood pressure in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. Current TRDN technologies indiscriminately destroy efferent (sympathetic) and afferent (sensory) renal nerves. However, preclinical studies suggest that the beneficial effects of TRDN may be due to ablation of afferent, rather than efferent, renal nerves. We developed a novel method for chemical ablation of afferent renal nerves by periaxonal application of capsaicin which has been employed in mouse and rat models of hypertension. In certain rodent models afferent-specific renal denervation (ARDN) has been shown to lower arterial pressure to the same degree as TRDN. The objective of the present study was to develop a catheter-based method for ARDN in a large animal model with the long-term goal of translating this treatment to humans. We tested the feasibility of using the Peregrine™ catheter infusion system, currently used to perform TRDN in humans by injection of ethanol, to perform catheter-based afferent renal denervation in sheep by periaxonal application of capsaicin.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Castrated, adult, male, Friesen sheep underwent Sham RDN (saline, n = 2), TRDN (ethanol, n = 4), or ARDN (capsaicin, n = 4) with the Peregrine™ catheter before termination > 2 weeks after the procedure. Denervation of renal efferents was verified by measurement of renal cortical norepinephrine (NE) content and anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining; denervation of renal afferents was verified with anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant decrease in TH + and CGRP + fibers in TRDN kidneys and in CGRP + but not TH + fibers in ARDN kidneys. TRDN significantly reduced renal cortical norepinephrine (NE) content by 89% while ARDN had similar NE content to Sham RDN kidneys.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study establishes the feasibility of performing catheter-based afferent renal denervation in a large animal model. Furthermore, this study provides a translational model to evaluate catheter-based ARDN as a potential treatment for hypertension.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Technological Analysis of Durability and Reliability in Axial-Flow Pump Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVADs).","authors":"Amin Khorshid Savar, Hongrui Wang, Nuo Chen, Yunzhang Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00778-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00778-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study addresses the critical gap in the literature regarding the comparative analysis of axial flow left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Despite technological advancements, there is a notable lack of integrated studies focusing solely on axial flow pumps and comparing multiple models with the same technology. This gap limits developers' access to comprehensive technical information essential for innovation in mechanical design, flow efficiency, and thrombus prevention.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic review of 27 low-risk studies was performed on four axial flow LVADs: HeartMate II, DeBakey, Berlin Heart INCOR, and Jarvik 2000. The analysis evaluated durability and reliability using key metrics, including actuarial survival rates, device exchange rates, pump thrombosis rates, and freedom from adverse events, while considering technical factors such as rotor design, flow dynamics, and material innovation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HeartMate II achieved a 79% actuarial survival rate at 1 year and a 6.3% thrombosis-related exchange rate. DeBakey had a higher exchange rate of 33.3% due to mechanical issues, indicating a need for better material durability. Jarvik 2000 offered long-term support with a 5-year duration and an 8.3% thrombosis rate, benefiting from its spiral cable design. INCOR showed high reliability with low energy consumption and minimal driveline infections, highlighting the advantages of advanced coatings and reduced friction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Axial flow LVADs are crucial for patients with small chest spaces, especially children. Enhancements in rotor design, materials, and real-time monitoring are essential for improving durability and reliability. These findings provide valuable insights for developing more durable and reliable axial flow pumps.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of an Anatomy-Mimicking, Wave Transport-Preserving Mock Circulation Loop for Evaluating Pulsatile Hemodynamics as Supported by Cardiovascular Assist Devices.","authors":"Pong-Jeu Lu, Ming-Yao Chan, Steven Tsui, Tzung-Tza Shen, Jui-Chih Chang","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00785-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00785-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Assessing circulatory hemodynamics in-vitro is crucial for cardiovascular device design before in-vivo testing. Current mock circulation loops (MCLs) rely on simplified, lumped-parameter hydraulic representations of human circulation. There is a need for a more sophisticated MCL that can accurately represent the human circulatory physiology and allow for critical assessment of device-supported hemodynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anatomy-mimicking MCL design guided by one-dimensional flow models has been developed, using tree-like arterial casts to create a complex system. The MCL comprises cardiac simulators, systemic circulatory subsystems consisting of 46 connected arterial casts, and lumped venous and pulmonary components. A parameter tuning process was also developed to ensure that the simulated MCL baselines are consistent with targeted healthy or heart failure scenarios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Blood pressure and flow waveforms in the thoracic aorta, upper and lower limb arteries and abdominal organs (kidney, liver, spleen, etc.) were reproduced and validated against published data. Complex afferent and efferent flows in cerebral circulation and phasic coronary flow subjected to myocardial compression effect were replicated with precision. Pulse wave behavior was authentically generated and compared favorably to the published in-vivo and in-silico results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This wave transport-preserving MCL is able to simulate pulsatile human circulatory hemodynamics with sufficient detail and accuracy. Complex cardiovascular device-intervened hemodynamics in large arteries and end organs can be systematically assessed using this new MCL, potentially contributing to a rapid and accurate in-vitro simulation to help advance device design and functional optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices on White Blood Cell Phenotype and Function.","authors":"Zhuo Li, Zhenling Wei, Wangwang Su, Longhui Cheng, Liudi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00784-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00784-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mechanical circulatory support devices (MCSDs) have gradually become an effective treatment of end-stage heart failure (HF). However, the introduction of foreign surfaces and non-physiological shear stress (NPSS) can cause severe damage to various blood cells, leading to impaired function of immune system and increased risk of complications such as inflammation and thrombosis. The effect of mechanical injury on white blood cell (WBC) has been largely neglected compared to that on red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To better understand the impact of MCSDs on WBCs and emphasize the importance of investigating WBC damage to avoid adverse events during mechanical circulatory support, this review elaborated the induction of WBC phenotypic and functional injury by MCSD-related factors, and the relationship between injury and clinical complications. Furthermore, this article provided a detailed review and comparative analysis of in vitro blood-shearing devices (BSDs) and detection methods used in WBC damage investigation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPSS, biomaterials and other related factors can activate WBC, decrease WBC function, and promote the release of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic microparticles, increasing the risk of inflammation and thrombotic complications. The evaluation of WBC damage typically involves measuring cell viability and dysfunction using in vitro BSDs (e.g. concentric cylinder devices) and injury detection methods (e.g. flow cytometry).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WBCs with normal morphology may also experience functional failure due to NPSS from MCSDs, leading to sublethal mechanical cell injury. Therefore, the effect of MCSDs on WBCs can be more comprehensively evaluated by a combination of measuring cell functional capacity and cell counting.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a Mathematical Model for Rupture Status of Spherical Intracranial Aneurysms.","authors":"Seth Street, Mark D Johnson, John Na, Paolo Palmisciano, Samer Hoz, Lauren Schaffer, Geet Shukla, Aaron Grossman, Matthew Smith, Peyman Shirani, Jonathan Forbes, Norberto Andaluz, David Dierker, Charles J Prestigiacomo","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00782-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00782-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>An accurate mathematical model of intracranial aneurysm (IA) mechanics is of great value for its potential utility in assessing probability of IA rupture. Such a model for spherical IAs has been developed which predicts a wall-thickness-to-IA-radius ratio (WTR) of 6.1 × 10^-3 at which IAs rupture. To our knowledge, no further work has been done to validate this model with clinical data. We aim to assess the accuracy and utility of this model of spherical IA rupture mechanics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aneurysm height, width, neck diameter, and vessel radius were measured on radiologic images of IAs of the basilar terminus, anterior communicating, and posterior communicating arteries. Geometric modeling was used to approximate IA wall thickness. Calculations were performed with and without accounting for changes in IA morphology which have been shown to occur post-rupture. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and positive likelihood ratios (LR) were produced for WTR, aspect ratio (AR), bottleneck factor (BF), and size ratio (SR). Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the WTR where there is a 50% chance of presentation as a ruptured aneurysm in our cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>52 unruptured and 28 ruptured spherical IAs were included. ROC curve analysis revealed similar areas under the curve for WTR, AR, BF, and SR, ranging from 0.636 to 0.773 with overlapping confidence intervals. LRs ranged from 1.34 (95% CI 1.09-1.65) for AR calculated with post-rupture dimensional adjustments to 2.14 (95% CI 1.45-3.14) for WTR and BF calculated without post-rupture adjustments. Logistic regression revealed a strong association between decreased WTR and rupture status. The point at which there is a 50% chance of presentation as ruptured was found to be WTR = 7.9 × 10^-3 when calculated without post-rupture adjustments and WTR' = 6.2 × 10^-3 when calculated with post-rupture adjustments, from which the proposed 6.1 × 10^-3 differs by 23% and 1.4%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The model for IA rupture mechanics assessed in this study agrees reasonably well with clinical data and could serve as a foundation for further investigation. It additionally performs well in discriminating between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms, though its performance in this dataset is similar to more conventional, simpler parameters. Most importantly, this study demonstrates that biomathematical models can provide valuable insight into the nature of aneurysmal lesions despite their simplifying assumptions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporary Pacing for Electric Cardiac Stimulation and Neuromodulatory Cardiovascular Therapy.","authors":"Charles Stark, Pavan Bhat, Eric Rytkin, Igor R Efimov","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00780-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00780-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread prevalence and significant consequences of cardiac arrhythmias have been addressed by adopting cardiac stimulation and neuromodulation implantable devices. The oldest, most commonly employed, and most well-known technology is the permanent transvenous cardiac pacemaker. However, in select emergent clinical scenarios and transient pathologies, temporary pacing is preferred. More recently, neuromodulatory vagal nerve stimulation has emerged to address neurologic, psychiatric, and nociceptive pathologies, generating significant clinical and scientific interest in the invention of temporary corollary devices for a subset of indications of nociceptive origin. The dominance of particular implant approaches and anatomic targets in both temporary pacing and neuromodulation in the clinic is owed to capabilities and limitations present in the current technological landscape. However, recent innovations in industry and academia may lead to a fundamental shift in how temporary pacing and neuromodulation are delivered in terms of procedural approach and patient outcomes. In this review, we present an overview of contemporary temporary pacemakers, neuromodulatory therapies, and devices, highlighting novel temporary pacing technologies from the clinic, industry, and academia, such as temporary permanent pacemakers, innovations in non-blood-contacting devices, bioresorbable pacemakers, and advances in neuromodulatory approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair on Left Ventricular Flow Features.","authors":"Xinyi He, Shuyi Feng, Fan Wu, Hongping Wang, Shizhao Wang, Xiangbin Pan","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00781-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-025-00781-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effects of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) on left ventricular hemodynamics and its potential implications for patient health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An in vitro experimental platform was designed to replicate the anatomical and functional characteristics of the left ventricle (LV). This platform integrates native porcine mitral and aortic valves with a patient-specific 3D-printed silicone LV. The LV hemodynamics after TEER is assessed using echocardiography and particle image velocimetry, focusing on critical indices such as vorticity, Reynolds shear stress (RSS), viscous shear stress (VSS), and energy dissipation rate (ε).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TEER effectively reduces the degree of mitral regurgitation (MR); however, it significantly increases RSS, VSS, and ε due to the formation of numerous small-scale vortices in the LV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These hemodynamic changes may lead to adverse left ventricular remodeling, red blood cell damage, and reduced cardiac pumping efficiency, which have to be taken into consideration to optimize the TEER procedure and improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and Practical Aspects of the Nonlinear Dynamics' Methods of Heart Rate Variability Analyses in Tachyarrhythmia Patients Underwent Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation.","authors":"Andrey Ardashev, Alexander Loskutov, Rod Passman, Evgeny Zhelyakov, Eric Rytkin, Igor Efimov","doi":"10.1007/s13239-024-00766-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-024-00766-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study explores the use of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis, a noninvasive technique for assessing the autonomic nervous system, by applying nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory to detect chaotic behavior in RR intervals and assess cardiovascular health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Employing the \"System Analysis of Heart Rate Dynamics\" (SADR) program, this research combines chaos analysis with the short-time Fourier transform to assess nonlinear dynamic parameters in HRV. It includes constructing phase portraits in Takens space and calculating measures of chaos to identify deterministic chaos indicators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis identifies distinct chaos indicators in the cardiac rhythm of healthy volunteers compared to tachyarrhythmia patients, both before and after catheter treatment. Post-radiofrequency ablation (RFA) analysis shows promise as a predictive tool for arrhythmia recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that HRV analysis, through nonlinear dynamics, can be an effective noninvasive method for predicting arrhythmia recurrence following treatments like catheter ablation. This approach has the potential for early and precise detection of arrhythmia, pending further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":"16 2","pages":"190-201"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Comparison of Centered and Tilted Blunt and Lighthouse Tip Cannulae for Drainage in Extracorporeal Life Support.","authors":"Federico Rorro, Lars Mikael Broman, Lisa Prahl Wittberg","doi":"10.1007/s13239-024-00770-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-024-00770-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a lifesaving treatment for patients with refractory acute respiratory, circulatory, or combined cardiopulmonary failure. The patient is cannulated with one or two cannulae for drainage and reinfusion of blood. Blood is drained from the patient, pumped through a membrane lung for oxygenation and returned to the patient. Treatment efficiency depends on correct cannula positioning and interactions between drainage and reinfusion cannula.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental setup was built to study the isolated drainage performance of 24 Fr rigid models of a blunt and lighthouse tip cannula, both when centered and when tilted towards the vessel wall. Planar particle image velocimetry was used to investigate the flow field with water as the fluid medium.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For similar flow configuration, higher shear stresses were recorded in the blunt tip rather than lighthouse tip cannula. Moreover, in the lighthouse tip cannula, side-holes furthest from the tip (proximal side-holes) had the highest drainage. Results did not change substantially when the cannula was tilted towards the vessel wall.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effective drainage point of the lighthouse tip cannula was located near the proximal side-holes. Lower shear stresses were recorded in the lighthouse tip cannula when compared with the blunt tip cannula, for all considered flow rate ratios and cannula positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"238-250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pediatric Cardiovascular Multiscale Modeling using a Functional Mock-up Interface.","authors":"Ellen E Garven, Ethan Kung, Randy M Stevens, Amy L Throckmorton","doi":"10.1007/s13239-024-00767-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-024-00767-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Computational models of the cardiovascular system continue to increase in complexity. As more elements of the physiology are captured in multiscale models, there is a need to efficiently integrate subsystems. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a coupling methodology, called functional mock-up interface (FMI), as applied to multiscale cardiovascular modeling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The multiscale model is composed of two subsystems: a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled to a lumped parameter model (LPM). The LPM is packaged using the FMI standard and imported into the CFD subsystem using an FMI co-simulation architecture. The functionality of an FMI coupling was demonstrated in a univentricular parallel circulation by means of compatible tools, including ANSYS CFX and Python. Predicted pressures and flows were evaluated in comparison with clinical data and a previously developed computational model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The two models exchanged pressure and flow data between their boundaries at each timestep, demonstrating sufficient inter-subsystem communication. The models recreated pressures and flows from clinical measurements and a patient-specific model previously published.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FMI integrated with ANSYS CFX is an effective approach for interfacing cardiovascular multiscale models as demonstrated by the presented univentricular circulatory model. FMI offers a modular approach towards tool integration and is an advantageous strategy for modeling complex systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":"16 2","pages":"202-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933148/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}