Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Real-Time Peripheral Revascularization Planning in Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia Using HarVI: A Digital Twin Approach.","authors":"Cyrus Tanade, Christopher W Jensen, Guinevere Ferreira, Amanda Randles","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00825-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-026-00825-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a leading cause of limb loss and morbidity worldwide, with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) representing its most severe presentation. Although image-guided endovascular interventions are routinely performed, clinicians currently lack tools that provide real-time, patient-specific predictions of hemodynamic outcomes to guide revascularization decisions. Existing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approaches can recover pre-operative hemodynamics but are typically too slow or insufficiently integrated into clinical workflows to support interactive, intraoperative planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extend HarVI (HARVEY Virtual Intervention), a previously established digital twin framework, to the peripheral circulation and evaluate its use for real-time prediction of postoperative blood flow in patients with superficial femoral artery (SFA) lesions. HarVI integrates one-dimensional CFD with machine learning to enable rapid assessment of patient-specific revascularization strategies. Key components include: (1) automated boundary condition tuning using patient-averaged and optimization-based approaches; (2) simulation of a wide range of endovascular interventions via a machine-learned surrogate model; and (3) validation of predicted postoperative hemodynamics against clinical duplex ultrasound measurements. Performance was evaluated retrospectively in a cohort of seven patients with SFA disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HarVI accurately predicted postoperative peak systolic velocities and reproduced full 1D CFD results across a synthetic revascularization landscape. Surrogate model predictions closely matched high-fidelity simulations while enabling rapid exploration of intervention scenarios, supporting near-real-time evaluation of treatment options.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results establish HarVI as a promising digital twin platform for real-time, patient-specific intervention planning in PAD. By enabling rapid, data-driven prediction of postoperative hemodynamics, HarVI opens the door to interactive intraoperative decision support with the potential to improve revascularization outcomes in patients with CLTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147391503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucin-Based Biomimetic Patches for Dynamic Heart Repair: Auxetic Structures and Translational Challenges.","authors":"Rishatani Gunasegaran, Rania Hussien Al-Ashwal, Norhana Jusoh, Muhammad Hanif Ramlee, Sadeq M Al-Hazmy","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00824-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-026-00824-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This scoping review examines strategies to improve adhesion and integration of epicardial patches within the dynamic and wet cardiac environment. It emphasizes mucin-based bioadhesives and auxetic designs as potential solutions for long-term tissue-conformal myocardial repair.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Approximately 150 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024 were identified through a structured literature search conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The studies cover adhesive biomaterials, structural patch designs, and epicardial tissue repair approaches were screened and thematically synthesized to map current advances, limitations, and translational gaps.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Commercially available epicardial patches fail to maintain adhesion under cyclic loading and fluid-rich conditions. Among bioadhesives, mucin demonstrates promising wet adhesion, viscoelasticity, and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, its translation is limited by batch-to-batch variability, purification challenges, and potential immunogenicity. Dopamine-, hyaluronic acid-, and alginate-based adhesives provide alternatives but remain constrained by oxidative instability, limitted long-term durability, or inadequate mechanical performance. Structural innovations such as auxetic geometries improve patch flexibility, strain distribution, and conformability compared with multilayered or microneedle-based strategies. However, challenges related to fabrication, sterilization, scalability and potential interference of cardiac anatomy andphysiology require further investigation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The synergistic integration of mucin-based adhesives with auxetic designs presents a compelling pathway toward durable, biocompatible, and tissue-conformal cardiac patches. Addressing manufacturing scalability, reproducibility, and immunological safety will be critical to advancing these concepts toward clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147312480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic Shear Stress Patterns in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms and Healthy Aortas: A CFD Study.","authors":"Spyridon C Katsoudas, Panagiotis D Linardopoulos, Anastasios A Raptis, Konstantinos G Moulakakis, John D Kakisis, Konstantinos T Spanos, Miltiadis I Matsagkas, Athanasios D Giannoukas, Christos G Manopoulos, Efstratios E Tzirtzilakis, Michalis A Xenos","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00823-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-026-00823-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) remain a major cause of mortality, with rupture risk still primarily assessed by maximum diameter. Specialized hemodynamic indices from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) may provide predictive insight into AAA progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a comparative CFD study of 10 healthy-control infrarenal aortas and 15 AAAs, utilizing the open source software SimVascular. Blood was modeled as a Newtonian fluid and pulsatile inlet conditions were applied, extracted from multiscale modeling. Three-element Windkessel (RCR) models were imposed at the iliac outlets to capture physiologic flow distribution. Time Averaged Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS), Oscillatory Shear Index (OSI) and Relative Residence Time (RRT) surface area coverage exposed to pathological regimes were quantified and compared between healthy and pathological models. Statistical analysis in two separate regions, the proximal neck/aneurysm sac and the iliacs, was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathological-AAA models exhibited significantly bigger surface coverage of low TAWSS and high RRT compared to the healthy aortas in both studied areas. Although the coverage area of OSI was larger in AAAs, it didn't reach statistical significance at the infrarenal part, but only at the iliac region.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The surface area exposed to lower shear and prolonged residence time provides strong evidence of AAA pathology in contrast with OSI, which offers limited information and cannot be a standalone index of pathology. These findings suggest that integrating TAWSS and RRT into clinical assessment may improve the prediction of aneurysm progression and rupture risk beyond diameter-based criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146221817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Development of a Bi-directional Arterial Cannula with Peripheral Access for Cardiopulmonary Bypass.","authors":"Joel D Graham, Thomas J Roussel, Steven C Koenig, Mark S Slaughter","doi":"10.1007/s13239-026-00820-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13239-026-00820-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a well-established procedure that uses cannulae during cardiac surgery to drain and return blood. In challenging cases (e.g. aortic dissection, reoperation), peripheral cannulation in vessels such as the axillary artery are used. However, standard cannulae at these sites may inhibit blood flow to distal extremities or require grafts that increase surgical time. This study evaluates a novel, flexible-tip arterial cannula designed for bi-directional flow.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 22Fr body cannula was developed to achieve a pressure loss (ΔP) < 100 mmHg and 80/20 bi-directional flow distribution between tip outlets. A full factorial design of experiments (2-levels, 4 factors: tip A-width, B-height, C-depth, D-outlet shape) was completed to evaluate sixteen cannula tip designs using benchtop hydraulic and bi-directional flow models. Prototypes were fabricated using 3D printing via stereolithography (Form 3 + , Formlabs, Somerville, MA) with a flexible (50A) cured resin.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most efficient cannula design (A - , B + , C + , D + ) achieved 4 L/min of total bi-directional flow at a ΔP of 74 mmHg. The average ΔP at 4 L/min for all candidate design was 87 ± 9 mmHg (range 72-100 mmHg). Primary outlet flow distribution averaged 81% ± 6% (range 70-95%) at 1-5 L/min flow rates. Tip width had the greatest influence on ΔP, followed by outlet shape, depth, and their interactions, respectively. Cylindrical and prolate spheroid shaped tips outperformed spherical designs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel cannula demonstrated feasibility and proof-of-concept as evidenced by bi-directional flow with ΔP comparable to commercial cannulae. Future work will involve CFD modeling and pre-clinical validation (e.g. hemolysis, cadaver fit) to support development of a low-cost, clinical grade bi-directional flow cannula for peripheral CPB to reduce surgical complexity and lower risk of adverse events.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Annotation Expertise on AI-Based Ultrasound Segmentation: A Case Study on Left Atrial Appendage.","authors":"Rafael Fernandes, João L Vilaça, Helena R Torres, Yiting Fan, Alex Pui-Wai Lee, Pedro Morais","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00816-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-025-00816-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medical image segmentation using artificial intelligence (AI) is a prominent area of research with diverse applications across various fields. During the last years, a multitude of datasets representing different body structures have been developed and made publicly available. However, the volume of data-particularly the ground truth data, which often relies on manual annotation-remains limited. Supervised learning remains the state-of-the-art approach for deep learning methods; however, its performance is often reported as dependent on the expertise of the operator for the ground truth generation. This dependency becomes more critical when dealing with challenging medical imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, often characterized by low image quality and various artifacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aims to investigate the influence of user expertise on the accuracy of ground truth annotations and their impact on the final performance of the segmentation method. Specifically, we focus on the task of segmenting the left atrial appendage (LAA) in ultrasound images. Two datasets were initially created: one annotated by an Expert and the other by a novice observer. Additionally, synthetic variations of these manually annotated datasets were generated by introducing both systematic and non-systematic errors to examine their effects on segmentation outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the nnU-Net framework as the computational basis, the network was trained on each dataset, and the results were evaluated against the Expert's test labels. Training with Expert and Naive contours achieved Dice values in the test set of 0.81 ± 0.09 and 0.77 ± 0.12, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between them. Similarly, training with synthetic variations obtained showed no statistically significant differences for non-systematic errors, whereas systematic errors result in statistically significant differences against manual contours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that the AI network remains highly effective across most tested scenarios, even when synthetic errors are introduced, showcasing its ability to handle non-systematic errors efficiently, which synthetically mimic the variability between observers. However, the network encounters greater challenges with systematic errors, failing to accurately delineate the LAA boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Blood-Sampling Performance of Automatic Fingertip-Blood-Sampling System and Correlation Between Fingertip-Blood-Vessel Image and Blood-Sampling Volume.","authors":"Takashi Irie, Kei Takenaka, Sakuichiro Adachi, Taku Sakazume, Yuji Oyamada, Hiroki Doi, Taku Kato, Hiroyasu Ito","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00812-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-025-00812-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the blood-sampling performance of an automatic fingertip blood-sampling system with a fingertip vessel-puncture function (FBS-FV) and to examine the relationship between sampled blood volume and fingertip blood-vessel image features.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To obtain a consistent blood volume for testing, the FBS-FV selects and punctures near a large blood based on fingertip blood-vessel imaging and promotes bleeding by alternately pressing and releasing the fingertip. A blood-sampling experiment was conducted with 18 participants (men and women in their 20 to 60 s). Puncture accuracy, blood volume, and image features (relative brightness at the puncture position V and brightness change due to compression C) were analyzed. Multiple regression was applied to assess the predictive value of V and C for blood volume.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) The deviation between the target and actual puncture positions was less than 1 mm, indicating high accuracy. (2) The proportion of blood samples obtained using the FBS-FV that exceeded the target volume (650 μL) was 42%, which was lower than in a previous experiment where the puncture position selected by the FBS-FV was manually punctured and blood was sampled. (3) Multiple regression analysis using image features V and C yielded coefficients of determination of 0.64 and 0.41 for high- and low-volume groups, respectively, suggesting that the possibility of predicting blood volume using these variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FBS-FV demonstrated precise puncture performance and potential for predicting blood volume using image features. Further optimization of the FBS-FV's compression control might improve the consistency of blood sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"64-75"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic Analysis of Non-uniformly Calcified Aortic Valve Using a Partitioned Fluid-Structure Interaction Framework.","authors":"Mishal Raza-Taimuri, Ian Y Chen, Hamid Sadat","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00811-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-025-00811-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is a common cause for aortic stenosis characterized by the progressive calcification and stiffening of the aortic valve, often leading to significant hemodynamic changes and impaired cardiac function. Several Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have been conducted in the literature to provide more detailed analysis of CAVD, but are mainly reliant on uniform calcification. Also, outcomes from current clinical diagnostic techniques do not account for the effect of non-uniform calcification. The purpose of this study is to extend previous CFD simulations to non-uniformly calcified aortic valves and to evaluate the accuracy of clinical diagnostic methods under these conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>High-fidelity simulations of non-uniformly calcified aortic valves are performed by coupling fluid and solid solvers using a partitioned fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method for a patient-specific valve model extracted from computed tomography (CT) images. Non-uniform calcification is modelled by varying the elasticity along the leaflet, with several levels of calcification ranging from mild to severe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-uniform calcification alters flow physics, leading in up to 35-50% increase in maximum jet velocity and up to 150-170% rise in TPG compared to the normal valve, significant vortex shedding, extended flow separation regions, and intensified wall shear stress (WSS) fluctuations, especially on the ventricular side of the leaflet. The results indicate that the severity of calcification cannot be accurately predicted by several clinical diagnostic methods, with only effective orifice area (EOA) and maximum opening ratio (MOR) emerging as the reliable predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The progression of non-uniform calcification on the aortic valve leaflets significantly impacts both hemodynamics and leaflet mechanics, with clear alterations in flow patterns and biomechanical responses as calcification severity increases. These findings highlight the need for more accurate diagnostic techniques and may drive the development of improved clinical strategies for the management and treatment of CAVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"41-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12798824/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Properties of the Myocardium Post-Alcohol Ablation in Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation.","authors":"Steven Said, Mina Shafiei, Dong Qiu, Ali N Azadani","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00807-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-025-00807-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Alcohol septal ablation (ASA) has become a minimally invasive alternative to septal myectomy for treating left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstructions. ASA has gained popularity, especially among patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve replacement (TMVR). This study aimed to determine the effect of ASA on the mechanical properties of myocardial tissue.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four square samples were excised from the septal regions of fresh-frozen swine hearts. Mechanical testing was conducted using a biaxial tester. Half of the samples underwent 3-minute ablation, while the other half underwent 5-minute ablation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All samples exhibited a nonlinear response to strain in the fiber and cross-fiber directions. After 3 min of ablation, the mean force required to achieve 20% displacement increased from 182.08-mN to 347.42-mN (true stress from 11.0-KPa to 24.1-KPa) in the fiber direction and from 66.83-mN to 110.75-mN (true stress from 4.3-KPa to 8.2-KPa) in the cross-fiber direction. Following 5 min of ablation, mean force values rose from 178.0-mN to 452.8-mN (true stress from 11.0-KPa to 32.4-KPa) in the fiber direction, and from 70.0-mN to 154.8-mN (true stress from 4.8-KPa to 12.0-KPa) in the cross-fiber direction. All changes were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.002). Histological analysis also revealed that alcohol ablation progressively disrupted myocardial architecture.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that ASA significantly alters the passive mechanical properties of the myocardium, increasing tissue stiffness in the septal region over the short term. The extent of stiffening is directly proportional to the duration of ablation, with longer ablation times causing greater stiffness, necessitating careful selection of ablation time before TMVR procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145201607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on \"Multiobjective Comprehensive Evaluation and Optimization of Interventional Blood Pump Impeller\".","authors":"Ankur Sharma, Varshini Vadhithala, Arun Kumar, Sushma Verma, Sushma Narsing Katkuri","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00817-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-025-00817-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"96-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Modeling of Flow in an in Vitro Cerebrovascular Model Under Pulsatile Conditions with Experimental Validation.","authors":"Boyang Su, Brent A Craven, Cody J Kubicki, Daniel Khalil, Scott D Simon, Keefe B Manning","doi":"10.1007/s13239-025-00813-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13239-025-00813-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely used to understand various cardiovascular diseases such as acute ischemic stroke (AIS), which occurs when a blood clot lodges in the cerebrovasculature and obstructs blood flow that may lead to brain damage or death. Compared with medical imaging, CFD can predict hemodynamics and clot migration, which are crucial in better understanding the biomechanics of AIS. To rely on computational modeling, however, the simulations need to be validated by comparing with experiments METHODS: In this study, we develop an in vitro experimental model of pulsatile flow in the aorta and cerebrovasculature. The model was filled with a blood analog fluid and pulsatile flow was driven by a piston pump to generate realistic physiological flow conditions. Experimental measurements of the time-varying pressure and flow rate were acquired and are used to validate corresponding CFD simulations RESULTS: CFD predictions of the time-averaged pressure at the outlets are shown to be within 8% of the experimental measurements, while the time-averaged flow rate is within 1%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This work demonstrates a promising capability for modeling embolus migration and lodging in the brain. Future work will validate simulations of clot migration that may be used to better understand AIS biomechanics and treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":54322,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12746301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}