Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Robotic and Manual Massage Interventions on Performance and Well-Being: A Randomized Crossover Trial.","authors":"Yann Kerautret, Franck Di Rienzo, Carole Eyssautier, Aymeric Guillot","doi":"10.1177/19417381231190869","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231190869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Manual massage (MM) interventions can improve psychophysiological states of relaxation and well-being. In this context, robotic massage (RM) represents a promising, but currently understudied, solution.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Both MM and RM would improve flexibility of the hamstrings and lumbopelvic muscles and promote a psychophysiological state of relaxation through decreased sympathetic activity.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Single-blind randomized crossover trial.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 21 participants experienced 2 massage interventions targeting back soft tissues. During a first condition, the intervention was performed by a physical therapist, whereas during a second condition the intervention was performed by a robot. We collected objective and subjective indexes of performances and well-being before and after each massage intervention. We also collected physical therapists' self-reports of perceived fatigue, tension, and ability to maintain the massage routine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Skin conductance decreased from the pretest to the posttest in both conditions (partial <i>R</i>² = 0.44, 95% CI [0.30, 1.00], <i>P</i> < 0.01), although the decrease was more pronounced after MM. Whereas both interventions were associated with improved subjective sensations, eg, pain, warmth, well-being (partial <i>R</i>² = 0.08, 95% CI [0.06, 1.00], <i>P</i> < 0.01), MM yielded additional benefits compared with RM. The physical therapist reported greater fatigue and tension and reduced perceived massage efficiency along with repeated massage interventions. MM outperformed RM to elicit a psychophysiological state of relaxation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RM exhibited a pattern of changes comparable with that of MM, for both objective and subjective indexes of relaxation and well-being.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>RM could represent a prophylactic option to prevent the onset of counterproductive fatigability in physical therapists.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10346312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Increasing Pitch Count on Pitch Type Ball Metrics and Release Height in High School Softball Pitchers.","authors":"Jessica Downs Talmage, Kenzie B Friesen, Anthony Fava, Kate Everhart, Gretchen D Oliver","doi":"10.1177/19417381231217668","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231217668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Softball research has investigated changes in physical characteristics, mechanics, and ball speed as elements of fatigue. However, the influence of pitch volume on ball metrics is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of pitch volume on ball performance and release metrics in softball pitchers across different pitch types.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>As pitch volume increased, there would be a decrease in ball metrics of the fastball and changes in breaking pitches would be observed earlier than the fastball or changeup.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 5.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 21 (15.4 ± 1.6 years; 1.6 ± 0.2 m; 76.0 ± 17.2 kg) softball pitchers participated. Procedures consisted of participants pitching a simulated game consisting of 100 pitches, taking a 30-minute break, and then throwing 12 pitches to simulate the first inning of a doubleheader. Participants randomly threw each pitch type (fastball, changeup, curveball, or dropball). Ball performance and release metrics were measured using a Rapsodo portable pitch tracker.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A 3 (time) by 4 (pitch type) multivariate analysis of variance revealed that pitch speed was significantly higher in the first inning compared with the last inning and the doubleheader inning. The fastball, curveball, and dropball revealed a significant difference in pitch speed between timepoints. Specifically, the curveball and dropball first-inning pitch speed was significantly greater than the last and doubleheader inning. Alternatively, the fastball had a significant increase in pitch speed from the last inning to the doubleheader inning.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The typical 30-minute break given between games for doubleheaders may be sufficient recovery time for the fastball but not for the curveball and dropball.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The Rapsodo device is an accessible method of tracking ball performance and pitch release metrics and could be helpful in identifying when a pitcher may be experiencing performance detriments in response to increasing pitch count.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139040910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Symmetry of Single-Leg Vertical Jump Height Represent Normal Lower Limb Biomechanics of Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?","authors":"Peng Chen, Ling Wang, Shiyu Dong, Yue Ding, Shaohui Jia, Cheng Zheng","doi":"10.1177/19417381231190119","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231190119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), single-leg horizontal hop distance limb symmetry index (LSI) >90% is recommended as a cutoff point for safe return to sport (RTS). However, athletes after ACLR have abnormal lower limb biomechanics despite an adequate single-leg hop distance LSI, implying that athletes are at high risk of reinjury. Symmetry of single-leg vertical jump height appears to be more difficult to achieve and can be a better representation of knee function than single-leg horizontal hop distance.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Athletes after ACLR with single-leg jump height LSI >90% had similar biomechanical characteristics to healthy athletes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Controlled laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 46 athletes after ACLR were divided into low jump height (LJH, jump height LSI <90%, n = 23) and high jump height (HJH, jump height LSI >90%, n = 23) groups according to symmetry of single-leg vertical jump height, while 24 healthy athletes acted as a control (CONT) group. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the LJH, HJH, and CONT groups during single-leg vertical jump.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the LJH and HJH groups demonstrated greater limb asymmetry (lower LSI) during landing compared with the CONT group in knee extension moment (<i>P</i> < 0.05), peak knee flexion angle (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and knee power (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Symmetry in single-leg vertical jump height does not represent normal lower limb biomechanics in athletes after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Symmetrical jump height may not signify ideal biomechanical or RTS readiness, but single-leg vertical jump test can be used as a supplement to horizontal hop test or other functional tests to reduce the likelihood of false-negative results in the absence of detailed biomechanical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9951540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ulnar Variance in Athletes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Noah M Scigliano, Kareena F McSweeny, Ignacio Garcia Fleury, Joseph A Buckwalter","doi":"10.1177/19417381231195527","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231195527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Ulnar variance (UV) is a measurement of the relative locations of the radius and ulna that may become perturbed in athletic populations. Positive UV can be associated with wrist pathologies often treated conservatively or surgically and may result in interruption of sports participation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This scoping review aims to summarize diagnostic measures of UV in athletes, describe its relation to separate wrist conditions, and present treatment strategies for symptomatic UV.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search was created and modified for PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and SPORTDiscus including articles from inception until February 2, 2022.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Articles including UV characterization, imaging modality style, and an athletic population were searched across multiple databases.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A scoping review was designed to identify the methods for imaging UV in athletic populations following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The specific athletic population, imaging modality, measurement style, wrist pathology association, and surgical management of UV were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 4321 records were screened independently for eligibility: 22 met inclusion criteria. Eight sports comprised the analysis. All studies referenced conventional radiography to diagnose UV; 50% specified the posteroanterior, 18.2% anteroposterior, and 13.6% pronated, gripping radiographs. Hafner's method (7×), Palmer's technique (2×), and the method of perpendiculars (3×) were used to measure UV. Athletes displayed more positive UV than nonathletes and UV became more positive over time in longitudinal studies. Triangular fibrocartilage complex tears, focal lunate necrosis, and ulnar abutment were associated with positive UV. Ulnar shortening osteotomy was the most performed operation for positive UV.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conventional radiography is the gold standard for imaging UV in athletes. Hafner's method is the most commonly used radiograph measurement technique. Wrist pathology in athletic populations may indicate positive UV in need for operative management.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10553857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rib Stress Fractures and a Novel Muscle-Sparing Rib Fixation Plating in an Elite Tennis Player: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Case Report.","authors":"Marcus Fearing, Vafa Behzadpour, Richard D House, Armin Tarakemeh, Tucker Morey, Jeffrey Randall, Bryan Vopat, Jean-Philippe Darche","doi":"10.1177/19417381231195271","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231195271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A nationally ranked Division One female collegiate tennis player presented with pain in the chest and right posterior rib region after feeling a popping sensation during a routine overhead movement. The patient was eventually diagnosed with 2 lower rib stress fractures. After unsuccessful conservative management, the player underwent an open reduction and internal fixation and autologous bone grafting of the sixth and seventh ribs with a muscle-sparing approach and was able to return to full competition. We present this case along with a systematic review of the literature regarding rib stress fractures, which included 6 separate online data sources (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, SportDiscus, and Medline). The successful surgical intervention demonstrates a significant option for elite athletes who wish to return to competition but have been unable to with standard of care conservative management of rib stress fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10246230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Detection of COVID-19 in Female Athletes Using Wearable Technology.","authors":"Liliana I Rentería, Casey E Greenwalt, Sarah Johnson, Shiloah A Kviatkovsky, Marine Dupuit, Elisa Angeles, Sachin Narayanan, Tucker Zeleny, Michael J Ormsbee","doi":"10.1177/19417381231183709","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231183709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and resting heart rate (RHR) are common variables measured by wrist-worn activity trackers to monitor health, fitness, and recovery in athletes. Variations in RR are observed in lower-respiratory infections, and preliminary data suggest changes in HRV and RR are linked to early detection of COVID-19 infection in nonathletes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Wearable technology measuring HRV, RR, RHR, and recovery will be successful for early detection of COVID-19 in NCAA Division I female athletes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female athletes wore WHOOP, Inc. bands through the 2020 to 2021 competitive season. Of the athletes who tested positive for COVID (n = 33), 14 had enough data to be assessed (N = 14; 20.0 ± 1.3 years; 69.8 ± 7.2 kg; 172.0 ± 8.3 cm). Roughly 2 weeks of noninfected days were used to set baseline levels of HRV, RR, recovery, and RHR to compare with -3, -2, and -1 days before a positive COVID-19 result.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increases in RR (<i>P</i> = 0.02) were detected on day -3. RHR (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and RR increased (<i>P</i> < 0.01), while HRV decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) on day -1, compared with baseline. Differences were noted in all variables on the day of the positive COVID-19 result: decreased HRV (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and recovery scores (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and increased RHR (<i>P</i> < 0.01) and RR (<i>P</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In female athletes, wearable technology was successful in predicting COVID-19 infection through changes in RR 3 days before a positive test, and also HRV and RHR the day before a positive test.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Wearable technology may be used, as part of a multifaceted approach, for the early detection of COVID-19 in elite athletes through monitoring of HRV, RR, and RHR for overall team health.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10333556/pdf/10.1177_19417381231183709.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9760405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Stingers in the National Football League, 2015-2019.","authors":"Joseph D Lamplot, Camryn Petit, Rebecca Lee, Christina D Mack, Mackenzie M Herzog, Gary S Solomon, Jed A Diekfuss, Greg D Myer, Kyle Hammond","doi":"10.1177/19417381231223413","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231223413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transient traumatic neuropraxia of either the brachial plexus or cervical nerve root(s) is commonly described as a \"stinger\" or \"burner\" by the athlete. Stingers in American Football commonly occur acutely as isolated injuries; however, concomitant injuries, including cervical spine pathologies, have also been reported.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Among National Football League (NFL) athletes, the incidence rate of stingers is higher during the regular season than during the preseason and among positions with high velocity impacts such as running backs, linebackers, defensive backs, and receivers.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective epidemiology study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Aggregation of all in-game injuries with a clinical impression of \"neck brachial plexus stretch\" or \"neck brachial plexus compression\" entered into the NFL injury surveillance database through the centralized league-wide electronic medical record system over 5 years (2015-2019 seasons). Incidence rates per player-play were calculated and reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 691 in-game stingers occurred during the study period, with a mean of 138.2 per year. Average single-season injury risk for incident stinger was 3.74% (95% CI, 3.46%-4.05%). The incidence rate was higher during regular season games than during preseason games (12.26 per 100,000 player-plays [11.30-13.31] vs 8.87 [7.31-10.76], <i>P</i> < 0.01, respectively). The highest reported stinger incidence rates were among running backs and linebackers (both >15 per 100,000 player-plays). Among stingers, 76.41% did not miss time. Of those that resulted in time lost from football activities, mean time missed due to injury was 4.79 days (range, 3.17-6.41 days). Concomitant injuries were relatively low (7.09%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In-game stinger incidence was stable across the study period and occurred most frequently in running backs and linebackers. Stingers were more common during the regular season, and most players did not miss time. Concomitant injuries were relatively rare.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>An improved understanding of the expected time loss due to stinger and concomitant injuries may provide insight for medical personnel in managing these injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139479168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular Safety of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Team USA Athletes.","authors":"Ankit B Shah, Samantha M Rizzo, Jonathan T Finnoff, Aaron L Baggish, William M Adams","doi":"10.1177/19417381231208677","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231208677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite reassuring scientific data, the lay press and social media continue to propagate largely unsubstantiated claims that a significant number of athletes have died from cardiovascular complications related to COVID-19 vaccines. The present study sought to determine the incidence of COVID-19 vaccine cardiovascular complications in Team USA athletes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>It was predicted that there would be a low incidence of cardiovascular complications from COVID-19 vaccination in Team USA athletes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiology study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review was conducted on the United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee electronic medical record, inclusive of athletes who represented Team USA in the 2020 Tokyo and 2022 Beijing Olympic and Paralympic Games, for COVID-19 vaccine cardiac complications including sudden cardiac arrest/death, myocarditis, pericarditis, and myopericarditis. Vaccination status (ie, fully vaccinated, yes or no), date of vaccination and eligible boosters, and type of vaccination during the study period were abstracted from the electronic medical record.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1229 athletes represented Team USA during the 2020 Tokyo (Olympic, 697; Paralympic, 237) and 2022 Beijing Games (Olympic, 229; Paralympic, 66). For the 2020 Tokyo Games, 73.8% of Olympians and 80.6% of Paralympians with available vaccination status had completed a primary vaccine series. For the 2022 Beijing Games, 100% of Olympians and Paralympians with available vaccination status were fully vaccinated. No athletes suffered sudden cardiac arrest/death or were diagnosed with myocarditis, pericarditis, or myopericarditis after COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data demonstrate an overall willingness of elite athletes to receive recommended COVID-19 vaccination coupled with a complete absence of vaccine-related cardiac complications in >1 year of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Supposedly, this is the first study to investigate the incidence of COVID-19 vaccine cardiovascular complications in elite athletes. These data are an important first step to better inform cardiologists and sports medicine physicians who care for elite athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sports-Related Health Problems in Para-Sports: A Systematic Review With Quality Assessment.","authors":"Sietske C M Luijten, Leonie M Te Loo, Joske Nauta, Thomas W J Janssen, Jasmijn F M Holla, René H J Otten, Ingrid Vriend, Evert Verhagen","doi":"10.1177/19417381231178534","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231178534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Participation in sports is associated with a risk of sports-related health problems. For athletes with an impairment, sports-related health problems further burden an already restricted lifestyle, underlining the importance of prevention strategies in para-sports.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a comprehensive overview with quality assessment of the literature on sports-related health problems, their etiology, and available preventive measures in para-sports following the steps of the Sequence of Prevention.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A literature search (in PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library) was performed up to December 8, 2021, in collaboration with a medical information specialist.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>The search yielded 3006 articles, of which 64 met all inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review with quality assessment.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two independent researchers carried out the screening process and quality assessment. One researcher extracted data, and the Sequence of Prevention categorized evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 64 studies were included, of which 61 reported on the magnitude and risk factors of sports-related health problems, while only 3 reported on the effectiveness of preventive measures. Of these, 30 studies were of high quality. Most studies (84%) included elite-level athletes. The reported injury incidence varied widely between sports (0-91 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (1-50 per 1000 athlete days). The same applies to illness incidence with regard to different sports (3-49 per 1000 athlete days) and impairment categories (6-14 per 1000 athlete days).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review shows the current vast range of reported sport-related health problems in para-sports. There is limited evidence concerning the severity of these sports-related health problems and inconclusive evidence on the risk factors. Lastly, the evidence regarding the development and effectiveness of preventive measures for para-athletes is sparse.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9663470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Awareness, Adoption, and Implementation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention in Youth Sports.","authors":"Alexander J MacFarlane, Timothy Whelan, Nomi S Weiss-Laxer, Mohammad N Haider, Scott A Dinse, Leslie J Bisson, John M Marzo","doi":"10.1177/19417381231184427","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381231184427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common injuries in adolescent athletes and result in significant financial and physical morbidity. Evidence-based programs designed to prevent ACL injury are effective. However, their adoption remains low. We sought to evaluate the awareness, evidence-based implementation, and barriers to implementation of ACL injury prevention programs (ACL-IPP) among youth athletic coaches.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Higher education level of the coach, higher level of training, number of teams coached, and coaching female teams would be associated with ACL-IPP implementation.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an email survey sent to all 63 school districts within Section VI of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association. We employed descriptive statistics and tests of correlation to identify factors associated with ACL-IPP implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 73% of coaches said they were aware of ACL-IPP, and only 12% of coaches implemented ACL-IPP according to best evidence. Coaches of higher competitive levels were more likely to adopt ACL-IPP (<i>P</i> = 0.01), more likely to use them multiple times per week (<i>P</i> = 0.03), and for ≥1 seasons (<i>P</i> = 0.02). Coaches of multiple teams were more likely to adopt ACL-IPP (<i>P</i> = 0.01). There were no differences in evidence-based implementation of ACL-IPP with gender coached or level of education of the coach.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall awareness, adoption, and evidence-based implementation of ACL-IPP remain low. These results suggest that coaches at higher levels of play and multiple teams tend to use ACL-IPP more often. Gender coached and level of education do not appear to be associated with awareness or implementation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Evidence-based ACL-IPP implementation remains low. Targeting coaches of younger athletes and fewer teams with local outreach programs and ACL-IPP may increase the implementation of ACL-IPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11195854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9739198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}