Jennifer R Maynard, Jeffrey P Nadwodny, Irvin S Haak, Kristina F DeMatas, Raul A Rosario-Concepcion, LaRae Seemann, George G A Pujalte
{"title":"King-Devick试验与青少年足球赛季头盔撞击暴露的相关性研究。","authors":"Jennifer R Maynard, Jeffrey P Nadwodny, Irvin S Haak, Kristina F DeMatas, Raul A Rosario-Concepcion, LaRae Seemann, George G A Pujalte","doi":"10.1177/19417381241309956","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cumulative effect of repetitive subconcussive head impacts on neurocognitive function during youth contact sports remains largely unknown. There is a paucity of literature evaluating cumulative helmet forces over a season and their correlation with preseason and postseason cognitive performance tasks such as the King-Devick test (KDT).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Higher helmet forces recorded throughout a 10-week, 10-game youth football season would correlate with slower performance on postseason KDT.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 58 youth football players (ages 9-13 years) underwent pre- and postseason KDT. Players wore SpeedFlex helmets (Riddell) fitted with InSite Impact Response System helmet accelerometers (Riddell) which recorded impacts of ≥15<i>g</i>. Head impacts were tallied over a season and assigned a score of 1, 2, or 3 based on magnitude of <i>g</i> forces. Suspected concussions were correlated with KDT times and recorded instances of head impact. Pre- and postseason KDT scores were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the season, 2013 head impacts were recorded. Median (range) total cumulative force score was 24 (5-476); 6 players sustained head impacts concerning for concussion, and 4 were clinically diagnosed with concussions. Overall, postseason KDT times improved compared with preseason, with a median (range) change of -4.8 seconds (-7.6, -1.1). Analysis showed no correlation between changes in KDT time and total cumulative force score over the season.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KDT times in youth football players did not change significantly based on head impact exposure over a single youth football season; most players' KDT times improved from preseason to postseason.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Although our study did not show significant cognitive impact as measured by KDT over a single youth football season, the long-term effects of concussion on the immature brain and how it can impact cognitive development remains largely unknown and should be an area of ongoing study.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381241309956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748126/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Correlation of King-Devick Test and Helmet Impact Exposures Over a Youth Football Season.\",\"authors\":\"Jennifer R Maynard, Jeffrey P Nadwodny, Irvin S Haak, Kristina F DeMatas, Raul A Rosario-Concepcion, LaRae Seemann, George G A Pujalte\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/19417381241309956\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cumulative effect of repetitive subconcussive head impacts on neurocognitive function during youth contact sports remains largely unknown. There is a paucity of literature evaluating cumulative helmet forces over a season and their correlation with preseason and postseason cognitive performance tasks such as the King-Devick test (KDT).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Higher helmet forces recorded throughout a 10-week, 10-game youth football season would correlate with slower performance on postseason KDT.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cohort of 58 youth football players (ages 9-13 years) underwent pre- and postseason KDT. Players wore SpeedFlex helmets (Riddell) fitted with InSite Impact Response System helmet accelerometers (Riddell) which recorded impacts of ≥15<i>g</i>. Head impacts were tallied over a season and assigned a score of 1, 2, or 3 based on magnitude of <i>g</i> forces. Suspected concussions were correlated with KDT times and recorded instances of head impact. Pre- and postseason KDT scores were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the season, 2013 head impacts were recorded. Median (range) total cumulative force score was 24 (5-476); 6 players sustained head impacts concerning for concussion, and 4 were clinically diagnosed with concussions. Overall, postseason KDT times improved compared with preseason, with a median (range) change of -4.8 seconds (-7.6, -1.1). Analysis showed no correlation between changes in KDT time and total cumulative force score over the season.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KDT times in youth football players did not change significantly based on head impact exposure over a single youth football season; most players' KDT times improved from preseason to postseason.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Although our study did not show significant cognitive impact as measured by KDT over a single youth football season, the long-term effects of concussion on the immature brain and how it can impact cognitive development remains largely unknown and should be an area of ongoing study.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54276,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"19417381241309956\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-01-20\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11748126/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381241309956\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"SPORT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381241309956","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SPORT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Correlation of King-Devick Test and Helmet Impact Exposures Over a Youth Football Season.
Background: The cumulative effect of repetitive subconcussive head impacts on neurocognitive function during youth contact sports remains largely unknown. There is a paucity of literature evaluating cumulative helmet forces over a season and their correlation with preseason and postseason cognitive performance tasks such as the King-Devick test (KDT).
Hypothesis: Higher helmet forces recorded throughout a 10-week, 10-game youth football season would correlate with slower performance on postseason KDT.
Study design: Prospective cohort study.
Level of evidence: Level 3.
Methods: A cohort of 58 youth football players (ages 9-13 years) underwent pre- and postseason KDT. Players wore SpeedFlex helmets (Riddell) fitted with InSite Impact Response System helmet accelerometers (Riddell) which recorded impacts of ≥15g. Head impacts were tallied over a season and assigned a score of 1, 2, or 3 based on magnitude of g forces. Suspected concussions were correlated with KDT times and recorded instances of head impact. Pre- and postseason KDT scores were compared.
Results: During the season, 2013 head impacts were recorded. Median (range) total cumulative force score was 24 (5-476); 6 players sustained head impacts concerning for concussion, and 4 were clinically diagnosed with concussions. Overall, postseason KDT times improved compared with preseason, with a median (range) change of -4.8 seconds (-7.6, -1.1). Analysis showed no correlation between changes in KDT time and total cumulative force score over the season.
Conclusion: KDT times in youth football players did not change significantly based on head impact exposure over a single youth football season; most players' KDT times improved from preseason to postseason.
Clinical relevance: Although our study did not show significant cognitive impact as measured by KDT over a single youth football season, the long-term effects of concussion on the immature brain and how it can impact cognitive development remains largely unknown and should be an area of ongoing study.
期刊介绍：
Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach is an indispensable resource for all medical professionals involved in the training and care of the competitive or recreational athlete, including primary care physicians, orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, athletic trainers and other medical and health care professionals.
Published bimonthly, Sports Health is a collaborative publication from the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM), the National Athletic Trainers’ Association (NATA), and the Sports Physical Therapy Section (SPTS).
The journal publishes review articles, original research articles, case studies, images, short updates, legal briefs, editorials, and letters to the editor.
Topics include:
-Sports Injury and Treatment
-Care of the Athlete
-Athlete Rehabilitation
-Medical Issues in the Athlete
-Surgical Techniques in Sports Medicine
-Case Studies in Sports Medicine
-Images in Sports Medicine
-Legal Issues
-Pediatric Athletes
-General Sports Trauma
-Sports Psychology
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