Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach最新文献

{"title":"Motor Learning of Knee Joint Kinematics in Patients Within the First Year After ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Elanna K Arhos, Jonathan M Wood, Karin Grävare Silbernagel, Susanne M Morton","doi":"10.1177/19417381251338806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381251338806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) does not normalize the asymmetric knee biomechanics during gait that are related to the later development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. ACL rupture and reconstruction have negative neuromuscular implications, disrupting knee joint afferent inputs that may be essential for central nervous system adaptability and motor learning. Here, we examined the ability of patients after ACLR to adapt knee joint biomechanics using a split-belt treadmill locomotor learning paradigm compared with uninjured controls.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Patients after ACLR will be able to adapt and retain their knee joint mechanics, but to a lesser extent than controls.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined neuromuscular adaptations (ie, motor learning) using an evidence-based split-belt treadmill adaptation paradigm in 15 patients (20.8 ± 3.5 years old, 9 female), 3 to 9 months after ACLR and 15 control patients. During adaptation, the 2 treadmill belts were split (ie, moving at different speeds) to induce motor learning of new knee joint kinematic patterns. Three-dimensional motion capture was used to record joint kinematics and assess adaptation of knee flexion and extension angles. We also measured quadriceps strength, knee joint proprioception, and other markers of ACLR recovery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After ACLR, patients showed flexibility in motor patterns for peak knee flexion and extension angles. Our data showed no difference between patients after ACLR and uninjured controls in the extent of adaptation of either kinematic variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data suggest that knee kinematics are malleable during rehabilitation, and demonstrate adaptability in the nervous system for knee joint angles during gait.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Current clinical interventions and evidence-based rehabilitation programs have not been successful in restoring gait mechanics. The current work indicates motor learning-based approaches can modify knee joint kinematics and therefore may be worthy of consideration in future interventions to address poor gait mechanics after ACLR.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251338806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return to Long-Distance Running After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement.","authors":"Niv Marom, Reena J Olsen, Joost Burger, Matthew S Dooley, Anil H Ranawat, Bryan T Kelly, Danyal H Nawabi","doi":"10.1177/19417381251340072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381251340072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Arthroscopic hip surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) has high rates of return to sport; however, patient return to long-distance running is unclear.</p><p><strong>Hypotheses: </strong>(1) Long-distance runners undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery for FAIS are a distinctive subgroup in terms of demographics, hip injury characteristics, and running metrics. (2) Most patients will return to general running but a lower proportion return to long-distance running after arthroscopic hip surgery.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional hip preservation registry was reviewed retrospectively for long-distance runners (half marathons, marathons) who underwent primary hip arthroscopies for FAIS between March 2008 and January 2018. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, and clinical and radiographic findings were recorded. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified potential risk factors for not returning to long-distance running.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-eight (78 hips) long-distance runners (mean patient age, 37.8 ± 8.9 years; 38 (56%) female; mean weekly running mileage before injury, 34.5 ± 16.9 miles) were included. Overall, 50 runners (74%) returned to any running, of which 25 (50%) returned to long-distance running, completing half/full marathons races after surgery. Most common reasons for not returning to running were pain or discomfort (50%) followed by fear of reinjury (22%), and additional different injuries (22%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed female runners (odds ratio, 0.2; CI, 0.0-0.9; <i>P</i> = 0.03) were less likely to return to long-distance running.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most (74%) long distance runners returned to running after hip arthroscopic treatment for FAIS; however, only 37% returned to long-distance running. Satisfaction from surgery was not necessarily associated with return to running. Female long-distance runners were less likely to return to long-distance running after surgery.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Study findings provide helpful context for clinicians counseling patients with symptomatic FAIS who are considering hip arthroscopy and are concerned about return to long-distance running.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251340072"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Match Demands and Perceived Exertion of Cerebral Palsy Soccer National Team Players.","authors":"Daniel Wartner, Rick Cost, J C Andersen, José M Oliva-Lozano","doi":"10.1177/19417381251338801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381251338801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aims of this study were to analyze match demands and perceptual responses of cerebral palsy soccer national team players. Specifically, to identify whether variations in match demands exist between playing positions and between halves.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Differences between playing positions exist and match demands differ from first to second half.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, longitudinal study was conducted over the 2022-2023 season. Electronic performance and tracking systems collected physical output, whereas perceptual responses were collected through ratings of perceived exertion postmatch.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Playing position significantly affected all variables (<i>F</i>_(4,66) = 4.05-73.31; <i>P</i> < .001; η_p² = 0.20-0.82). Midfielders had the greatest average physical output in all variables, except for high-intensity accelerations per minute (forwards = ~0.19 count/min) and maximum velocity (full-backs = ~28.87 km/h). Match half had no significant effect on any variable (<i>F</i>_(4,66) = 0.00-1.38; <i>P</i> > .05; η_p² = 0.00-0.02), except for distance per minute, which was usually greater in the first half than second half (<i>F</i>_(1,66) = 7.15; <i>P</i> = .01; η_p² = 0.10). Regarding perceptual response, playing position had a significant effect, with goalkeepers having significantly lower ratings of perceived exertion compared with the other positions (<i>P</i> < .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Playing position significantly affected all variables, with goalkeepers showing the lowest demands, followed by central defenders. Midfielders had the highest physical output across most variables, except for high-intensity accelerations per minute (forwards) and maximum velocity (full-backs). Match half had no significant effect on any variable, except for distance per minute.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Understanding match demands and positional differences in cerebral palsy soccer helps coaches plan tailored training sessions and drills to meet specific physical outputs. This knowledge supports training periodization, optimal player performance, and recovery. Insights into physical challenges for each position assist in scouting and adjusting training intensity.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251338801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Search for the Holy Grail in Running Biomechanics: Is There an Ideal Movement Profile for Minimizing Mechanical Overload?","authors":"Gustavo Leporace, Eliane C Guadagnin, Felipe P Carpes, Jonathan Gustafson, Felipe F Gonzalez, Jorge Chahla, Leonardo Metsavaht","doi":"10.1177/19417381251338267","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251338267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Running biomechanics can influence injury risk, but whether the combined effect of different biomechanical factors can be identified by individual running profiles remains unclear. Here, we identified distinct biomechanical profiles among healthy runners, examined lower limb mechanical load characteristics, and evaluated potential implications for injury risk.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Multiple factors would serve as a common denominator allowing identification of specific patterns.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Step cadence, stance time, vertical oscillation, duty factor, vertical stiffness, peak ground reaction force (GRF), and anteroposterior, lateral, and vertical smoothness were determined from 3-dimensional kinematic data from 79 healthy runners using a treadmill at 2.92 m/s. Principal component analysis, self-organizing maps, and K-means clustering techniques delineated distinct biomechanical running profiles. Mutual information analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, and Pearson's Chi-squared tests were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five biomechanical profiles (P1-P5) demonstrated different running mechanical characteristics: P1 exhibited low cumulative and peak mechanical load due to a combination of high duty factor, low step cadence, and longer stance time; P2 showed characteristics associated with the lowest peak mechanical load due to reduced peak GRF and greater smoothness; P3 and P5 showed contrasting running patterns, but maintained moderate smoothness and peak GRF; and P4 exhibited the highest peak mechanical load, driven by high GRF, low duty factor, and high vertical oscillation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 5 profiles appear to be associated with different lower limb load patterns, highlighting previously unrecognized connections between biomechanical variables during running. Some variables contribute to increased peak and cumulative load, whereas others help reduce it, underscoring the complex interplay of biomechanical factors in running.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Identifying distinct running profiles can help clinicians better understand individual variations in mechanical load and injury risk, thus informing targeted interventions, such as personalized training adjustments or rehabilitation programs, to prevent injuries and enhance performance in runners.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251338267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12095228/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetry in Limb Stiffness, Joint Power, and Joint Work During Landing in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients.","authors":"Michael A Teater, Daniel Schmitt, Douglas W Powell, Robin M Queen","doi":"10.1177/19417381251338218","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251338218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kinetic and kinematic side-to-side limb asymmetries can increase after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Limb stiffness asymmetry has not been previously explored.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Athletes with ACLR will exhibit greater asymmetry in limb stiffness, peak eccentric joint power, and eccentric joint work compared with asymptomatic controls during landing.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case-control study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty athletes with 5.9 ± 1.4 months removed from ACLR and 40 asymptomatic athletes completed 7 stop-jumps (SJs) during a single session. Three-dimensional motion capture and ground-reaction force data were collected during landing. Normalized symmetry index values for limb stiffness, peak eccentric joint power, and eccentric joint work of athletes with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) grafts, athletes with hamstring grafts, and control athletes were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Athletes with ACLR had greater knee power Athletes with ACLR had greater knee power (BPTB, 29.1 ± 17.6; hamstring, 27.3 ± 14.1; Control, 14.2 ± 10.7; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and knee work (BPTB, 35.2 ± 21.5; hamstring, 32.1 ± 18.4; Control, 14.9 ± 10.1; <i>P</i> < 0.01) asymmetries than control athletes. Athletes with BPTB grafts and hamstring grafts both displayed larger knee power and work asymmetries compared with control athletes (P < 0.01 for each comparison), with no differences between graft types (P = 0.90 and <i>P</i> = 0.80, respectively). No between-group differences were found in limb stiffness (BPTB, 16.2 ± 10.8; hamstring, 13.5 ± 9.83; Control, 13.9 ± 9.33; <i>P</i> = 0.63), ankle power (BPTB, 16.5 ± 11.4; hamstring, 14.4 ± 13.0; Control, 18.3 ± 14.0; <i>P</i> = 0.55), ankle work (BPTB, 20.9 ± 13.0; hamstring, 17.4 ± 14.9; Control, 18.4 ± 12.8; <i>P</i> = 0.69), hip power (BPTB, 17.6 ± 12.8; hamstring, 19.5 ± 11.3; Control, 13.3 ± 9.08; <i>P</i> = 0.09), or hip work (BPTB, 17.2 ± 13.9; hamstring, 24.6 ± 14.1; Control, 16.2 ± 11.7; <i>P</i> = 0.06) asymmetries.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Athletes with ACLR use asymmetric landing strategies that favor their nonsurgical limb, resulting in greater knee power and knee work asymmetries compared with controls. No between-group asymmetry differences in limb stiffness, ankle power and work, and hip power and work were found.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>After 5.9 ± 1.4 months removed from ACLR surgery, athletes favor their nonsurgical limb at the knee, risking further injury. While limb stiffness asymmetry was not different between groups, the groups appeared to modulate limb stiffness differently between limbs to produce similar asymmetry values.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251338218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Influence of Quadriceps Peak Torque and Rate of Torque Development on Running Mechanics After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Amit M Gohil, Gregory S Hawk, Darren L Johnson, Christopher S Fry, Brian Noehren","doi":"10.1177/19417381251338283","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251338283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), chronic changes in knee joint biomechanics during higher level tasks, such as running, may negatively impact long-term knee joint health. Among the factors that contribute to these chronic changes, the influence of quadriceps strength on knee joint biomechanics during running is not well understood.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Higher involved limb quadriceps strength (peak torque and rate of torque development [RTD]) and limb symmetry index (LSI) will be positively associated with greater peak knee flexion angle and peak knee extensor moment during running.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peak knee extensor moment and peak knee flexion angle were analyzed during the stance phase of running, 6 months following ACLR (n = 26; 18 female participants; age, 19 ± 5.0 years). Involved limb quadriceps strength and LSI were calculated for peak torque and RTD. Linear regression models were used to analyze the relationship between involved limb and LSI values of quadriceps peak torque and RTD to peak knee flexion angle and peak knee extensor moment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Quadriceps peak torque (<i>R</i>² = 0.37; <i>P</i> < .01) and RTD (<i>R</i>² = 0.31, <i>P</i> < .01) each had a positive relationship to peak knee extensor moment, but not peak knee flexion angle. Quadriceps peak torque and RTD LSI were not associated with peak knee flexion angle or peak knee extensor moment (<i>P</i> > .20).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Quadriceps peak torque and RTD are positively associated with running kinetics 6 months after ACLR. Peak torque and RTD LSI were not associated with running mechanics after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Quadriceps peak torque and rate of torque development are positively associated with running mechanics after ACLR. Clinicians should consider objective assessments of quadriceps strength before initiating running after ACLR.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251338283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steady or Swaying? Assessing the Reliability of the HUMAC Balance System in Athletes With Chronic Low Back Pain.","authors":"Sumbul Ansari, Saurabh Sharma","doi":"10.1177/19417381251334638","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251334638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Balance is a fundamental component of athletic performance. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent issue in athletes, impacting performance. Balance assessment plays a crucial role in CLBP rehabilitation. Reliable techniques are essential for balance assessment. The CSMi HUMAC balance system offers promise in this regard. This study aimed to assess the reliability of the HUMAC balance system and to determine the minimal detectable change (MDC) for center of pressure (CoP) indices (sway index [SI], overall stability index [OSI], mediolateral stability index [MLSI], and anteroposterior stability index [APSI]) during squats and limits of stability (LoS) outcomes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>The HUMAC balance system will demonstrate high test-retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) >0.80, when used to assess balance in athletes with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Repeated measures design.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 15 athletes (aged 18-30 years) with CLBP were included. The athletes underwent assessment of balance parameters on 2 separate occasions separated by a 1-week interval. Reliability was assessed using ICC_2,1, standard error of measurement (SEM), and Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intrarater reliability for all CoP indices during squats and LoS tests showed excellent values (ICC, 0.84-0.98), with no significant systematic bias detected in Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HUMAC balance system is a reliable tool for assessing balance in athletes with CLBP.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The HUMAC balance system demonstrates reliability in assessing balance for athletes with CLBP. This will allow clinicians to monitor changes in balance and potentially track the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251334638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of the Uninvolved Limb as Comparator When Calculating Return to Sports Hop Test Symmetry After ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Elanna K Arhos, Angela H Smith, Naoaki Ito, May Arna Risberg, Lynn Snyder-Mackler, Karin Grävare Silbernagel","doi":"10.1177/19417381251334639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381251334639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Horizontal hop testing is a reliable measure included in test batteries after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR). Hop test results are typically expressed as limb symmetry indexes (LSIs) comparing the involved limb with the uninvolved limb. Using the uninvolved limb as a comparative measure has been questioned due to concerns that performance may be reduced in this limb also and may not be a stable comparison across time, leading to a falsely inflated LSI. Here, we report changes in uninvolved limb hop scores over 5 timepoints after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Uninvolved limb hop scores would be similar between preoperative rehabilitation and 2 years after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level III.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Level I and II athletes were enrolled after isolated ACL injury. Participants completed a preoperative hop testing battery after impairment resolution, preoperative rehabilitation, and 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after ACLR. Linear mixed-effects models were performed separately for each hop and each limb to characterize change in scores over time. Pairwise comparisons for fixed effects of timepoint and estimated marginal means are reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 182 athletes (25.0 ± 8.8 years, 44% female) were enrolled a mean of 54 days from ACL injury. For each hop, the uninvolved limb hop distance was statistically different from the impairment resolution timepoint only to various follow-up timepoints (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.009). If athletes underwent preoperative rehabilitation, uninvolved limb hop distance was stable throughout the duration of rehabilitation until 2 years, apart from timed hop from 6 months to 2 years (<i>P</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The uninvolved limb is a stable comparison for calculating hop test LSIs as part of return-to-sport decisions.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These results increase confidence in using symmetry as an outcome and are important for clinicians lacking preinjury hop testing data.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"19417381251334639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12049367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144044553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Premorbid Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Concussion Recovery in Collegiate Student-Athletes.","authors":"Sabrina P Sawlani, Joshua T Goldman, Talin Babikian, David L McArthur, Douglas Polster, Michael McCrea, Thomas McAllister, Christopher C Giza, Justus D Ortega, Nicholas Port, Margot Putukian, Jane McDevitt, Christopher C Giza, Joshua T Goldman, Holly J Benjamin, Thomas Buckley, Thomas W Kaminski, James R Clugston, Luis A Feigenbaum, James T Eckner, Jason P Mihalik, Scott Anderson, Christina L Master, Anthony P Kontos, Sara P O Chrisman, Kenneth Cameron, Stefan Duma, Christopher M Miles","doi":"10.1177/19417381241255308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241255308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mental health disorders are linked to prolonged concussion symptoms. However, the association of premorbid anxiety/depression symptoms with postconcussion return-to-play timelines and total symptom burden is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the association of self-reported premorbid anxiety/depression symptoms in collegiate student-athletes with (1) recovery times until asymptomatic, (2) return-to-play, and (3) postconcussion symptom burden.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Athletes in the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium completed baseline concussion assessments (Sport Concussion Assessment Tool [SCAT3] and Brief Symptom Inventory-18 [BSI-18]). Athletes were tested postinjury at <6 hours, 24 to 48 hours, time of asymptomatic and start of return-to-play protocol, unrestricted return-to-play, and 6 months after injury. Injured athletes were categorized into 4 groups based on BSI-18 scores: (1) B-ANX, elevated anxiety symptoms only; (2) B-DEP, elevated depression symptoms only; (3) B-ANX&DEP, elevated anxiety and depression symptoms; and (4) B-NEITHER, no elevated anxiety or depression symptoms. Relationship between age, sex, BSI-18 group, SCAT3 total symptom and severity scores, and time to asymptomatic status and return-to-play was assessed with Pearson's chi-squared test and robust analysis of variance.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 1329 athletes with 1352 concussions, no respondents had a self-reported premorbid diagnosis of anxiety/depression. There was no difference in time until asymptomatic or time until return-to-play between BSI-18 groups (<i>P</i> = 0.15 and <i>P</i> = 0.11, respectively). B-ANX, B-DEP, and B-ANX&DEP groups did not have higher total symptom or severity scores postinjury compared with the B-NEITHER group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline anxiety/depression symptoms in collegiate student-athletes without a mental health diagnosis are not associated with longer recovery times until asymptomatic, longer time to return-to-play, or higher postconcussion total symptom and severity scores compared with athletes without baseline symptoms.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Anxiety and depression symptoms without a clear mental health diagnosis should be considered differently from other comorbidities when discussing prolonged recovery in collegiate student-athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"498-511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Shoulder Injuries in Female Athletes Playing Overhead Sports: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Malia C Steele, Tessa R Lavorgna, Victoria K Ierulli, Mary K Mulcahey","doi":"10.1177/19417381241259987","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241259987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Sports involving overhead motions put substantial biomechanical demands on the shoulder and may result in injuries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine risk factors (RFs) for shoulder injuries in female athletes who play overhead sports and evaluate strategies to reduce shoulder injuries in these athletes.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic electronic search was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Databases included were PubMed, Tulane Matas Library Search Engine, and Google Scholar, with search terms: \"Overhead injuries/Shoulder AND female athletes AND Risk Factors.\"</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Of the initial 1574 studies identified, 314 were evaluated for eligibility by full-text review and 291 studies were excluded. Overall, 23 studies were included in this study. Studies were published from 2000 to 2021, subject age range was 15 to 35 years, with documented prevalence of shoulder injuries in female athletes playing overhead sports.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Two independent researchers completed abstract and full-text review. Data extraction used the Covidence and Cochrane Consumer guide template.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Volleyball was the most common sport with shoulder injuries (6/23; 26%) followed by softball 5/23 (22%), swimming 5/23 (22%), gymnastics 4/23 (17%), tennis 3/23 (13%), water polo 2/23 (8%), and basketball 1/23 (4%). Six RFs (dominant shoulder, volume/overuse, time in sport, older age at time of injury, past injury, and multidirectional instability) were described. Of the 23 studies, 9 (39%) identified the dominant shoulder as a RF for sustaining injury (mean risk ratio [RR], 2.04), while 6 (26%) cited volume of repetition and overuse as a prominent RF (RR, 1.45).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This systematic review demonstrates important RFs for shoulder injuries in female athletes associated with playing overhead sports. Multiple prevention strategies are described. Prevention programs are helpful in reducing the risk of reinjury.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"512-522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}