Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach最新文献

{"title":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Mental Health: A Bidirectional Relationship.","authors":"Eoin Devoy, Lia Lamonica, Thomas Toole, Paula DelRegno, Karim Belal, Abigail Bisson, Leslie Bisson, Mohammad N Haider, William M Wind","doi":"10.1177/19417381261486640","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261486640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>New-onset mental health (MH) conditions are a concern for patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Patients with pre-existing MH conditions have been observed to experience poorer postoperative outcomes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Patients with pre-existing MH diagnoses would report poorer outcomes after ACL reconstruction, and non-sport-related injuries would be associated with a greater incidence of new MH diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults undergoing ACL reconstruction between October 2016 and October 2023 at a large university-affiliated practice were included. Patients completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS) before surgery, and at multiple postoperative timepoints. MH diagnoses included anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, and other psychiatric conditions documented through medications, International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision codes or chart notes. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using appropriate univariate tests, and mixed-model linear regression was used to compare patient-reported outcomes over time while controlling for patient sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 365 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction, 50 (13.7%) had a pre-existing MH diagnosis (mean age, 36.42; 84.0% female). Groups did not differ on any scale at baseline except PROMIS Mental Health, which was lower among patients with a pre-existing MH diagnosis (47.3 vs 53.6; <i>P</i> < 0.001). The MH Group reported significantly worse KOOS scores at 2 weeks postoperatively, but no differences were observed thereafter. Among 315 patients without previous history of MH disorder (mean age, 32.90; 52.7% female), 8 (2.5%) developed a new MH diagnosis at 1-year follow-up. Patients aged ≤25 years demonstrated significantly higher baseline KOOS scores than patients >25 years. Among 294 sport-related injuries and 71 non-sport-related injuries, non-sport-related injuries were associated with lower baseline KOOS and PROMIS scores, and higher incidence of new MH diagnoses (7% vs 1.6%; <i>P</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>No differences in KOOS outcomes beyond 2 weeks were found between patients with and without a pre-existing MH condition. Furthermore, non-sport-related injuries were associated with a higher rate of new MH diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings may help clinicians identify patients who could benefit from additional support during recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1328-1337"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149118557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, MRI Characteristics, and Sports-Related Associations of Baastrup's Disease in Pediatric Athletes With Low Back Pain: A STIR-MRI-Based Study.","authors":"Shutaro Fujimoto, Takafumi Ohshima, Ryunosuke Fukushi, Arihiko Tsukamoto, Tomonori Morita, Tomoaki Kamiya, Atsushi Teramoto","doi":"10.1177/19417381261486267","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261486267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Baastrup's disease is characterized by close approximation and inflammation of adjacent lumbar spinous processes. Although Baastrup's disease is traditionally considered an age-related degenerative disorder, recent reports have described its occurrence in younger people; however, its prevalence and sports-related factors in pediatric athletes remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Baastrup's disease is prevalent among pediatric athletes with low back pain (LBP) and is associated with specific physical characteristics, sports-related factors, and lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on 177 pediatric athletes (mean age, 14.1 years; range, 9-18 years) who presented with LBP. The presence of Baastrup's disease was evaluated using short tau inversion recovery MRI (STIR-MRI), and its associations with physical characteristics, sports-related factors, and other MRI abnormalities were analyzed. Statistical analyses included <i>t</i> tests, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baastrup's disease was identified in 50 of 177 athletes (28.2%). Affected athletes were older, had longer sports participation, and participated more frequently in basketball and speed skating. The prevalence of lumbar spondylolysis was significantly lower in athletes with Baastrup's disease, and its absence was associated independently with the condition (adjusted odds ratio, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.12-0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of Baastrup's disease in pediatric athletes with LBP was substantially higher than reported previously, suggesting that this condition may be under-recognized in young patients. The use of STIR-MRI may improve diagnostic accuracy. Notably, associations were observed with basketball and speed skating, sports in which excessive lumbar extension is not required frequently. Both flexion and extension may contribute to the development of Baastrup's disease in young athletes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Baastrup's disease is a common and clinically relevant STIR-MRI finding in pediatric athletes with LBP and may help differentiate causes of sport-related LBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1346-1352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13612763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149041979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Visual Training on Balance and Functional Recovery After Lower Extremity Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Kaijun Liu, Jinyu Qiu, Anqi Shi, Yuqiang Guo","doi":"10.1177/19417381261451826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261451826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Visual training (VT) is used increasingly in sports rehabilitation to enhance visuomotor integration after lower extremity injuries. However, its effectiveness in improving balance and functional recovery remains unclear, with inconsistent findings across studies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether VT improves balance control and functional recovery in people with lower extremity injuries compared with standard rehabilitation or other active controls.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>Eight databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library) were searched from inception to September 17, 2025.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating VT as the primary intervention and reporting balance- or function-related outcomes were included. Of 1186 records screened, 18 RCTs (n = 707) met eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 1.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data on participant characteristics, intervention protocols, balance outcomes (static and dynamic), and functional outcomes (subjective function, physical function, sport performance) were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VT improved static balance significantly (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.10-0.81; <i>P</i> = 0.01) and dynamic balance (SMD = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.31-1.44; <i>P</i> = 0.002). No significant effects were found for subjective functional recovery, physical function, or sport performance. Larger effects were observed in men, chronic ankle instability populations, and with stroboscopic VT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VT may provide meaningful benefits for balance rehabilitation after lower extremity injuries, especially for dynamic balance. However, it does not enhance subjective function, physical function, or sport performance significantly. Despite its potential as an adjunct to rehabilitation, overall certainty of evidence is very low, highlighting the need for high-quality RCTs with standardized protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1244-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13242368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Profiles in Elite and Collegiate Athletes: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Lexy Farrington, Cameron Key, Zachary Denton, Sterre van den Anker, Bryan Vopat, Lisa Vopat","doi":"10.1177/19417381261442594","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261442594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The effects of regular physical activity and its influence on lipid metabolism is well established. However, the extent to which elite and collegiate athletes exhibit distinct lipid profiles remains an area of ongoing research.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To map the literature on lipid profiles in collegiate and elite athletes, summarize variations by sex, sport, and competitive level, and identify gaps to guide future research.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, and SPORTDiscus identified English-language studies on lipid profiles in professional and collegiate athletes, published between January 2010 and January 2025.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Studies were screened and selected in Rayyan.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Scoping review.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4, scoping review of Level 1-3 studies.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Lipid values along with factors associated with variation across athlete populations were extracted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 31 studies met inclusion criteria, representing 5921 athletes (3271 men, 2650 women; mean age, 24.3 years). Most cohorts were male (84%) and elite-level (77%), whereas women were not represented in many of the sports. High-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) were reported most consistently. Mean lipid values included HDL 59.3 ± 14.0 mg/dl, LDL 94.3 ± 20.4 mg/dl, TC 168.0 ± 19.8 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) 86.8 ± 28.4 mg/dl, and VLDL 38.2 ± 29.5 mg/dl. Female athletes showed higher HDL and lower LDL and TG than male athletes. Elite athletes reported higher HDL, TC, and TG, and minimal differences in LDL, compared with collegiate athletes. Lipid levels varied by sport and sex. Female runners reported the highest (73.5 mg/dl) and female soccer players the lowest (37.7 mg/dl) HDL, and judo athletes showed the highest LDL (139.4 mg/dl) and TG (143.6 mg/dl).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lipid profiles among elite and collegiate athletes vary considerably by sex, sport, and competition level. Standardized, sex-balanced studies are needed to clarify the role of lipid metabolism in athlete health, cardiovascular risk, and performance. Further research is needed using rigorous, standardized, and sex-balanced methodologies to clarify the impact of lipid profiles on athlete health and performance, and to guide evidence-based strategies for cardiovascular risk assessment and management in athletic populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1235-1243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13171724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147935465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-Time Concurrent Neurophysiological Responses to Dynamic In-Motion Physical and Cognitive Functional Tasks in Division I Athletes.","authors":"Thomas Palmer, Bob Mangine, Audrey Hill-Lindsay, Joseph Clark, Bradley Jacobs, Marsha Eifert-Mangine, Michael Mark, James Tersak, Angelo Colosimo","doi":"10.1177/19417381251391457","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251391457","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) offers sports medicine clinicians insight into the neurophysiological connection between the brain and musculoskeletal system. Dysregulation in the brain's neural state has been linked with altered biomechanical and/or musculoskeletal performance associated injury; however, comparative benchmark data among uninjured athletes without brain and/or musculoskeletal injury remain limited.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Evaluating real-time qEEG neurophysiological and physiometric neurological brain responses while performing physical and cognitive functional tasks will offer clinicians performance insight to the neuromuscular preparedness in healthy Division I athletes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive prospective case series.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level IV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 24 healthy female (n = 11) and male (n = 13) National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes from multiple sports volunteered to participate in a qEEG neurophysiological and functional task assessment. A 21-channel Dry headset collected neurophysiological brain wave activity representing participants' level of attention, workload and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) pre- and post-physical and cognitive tasks. Physiometric dependent variables included heartrate, respiration rate, heartrate variability, galvanic skin response, trapezius electromyography and peripheral temperature. Participants had no diagnosed attention deficits, learning impairments, and/or orthopaedic injuries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Healthy Division I athletes had balanced/regulated neurophysiological levels of change in neurophysiological activity. Brain connectivity, attention, and workload metrics were significantly higher in men (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). There were no sex or hemisphere differences at baseline for SMR; however, there were significant SMR differences pre- to post- for motor imagery tasks (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). There were relatively strong positive correlations between brain activity and physiometric performance (0.81-0.85), as well as, brain symmetry, workload, and attention (0.65-0.85).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Real-time qEEG brain mapping of neurophysiological and physiometric responses during functional and cognitive tasks provide standard performance benchmarks for healthy, Division I athletes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Monitoring qEEG neurophysiological and physiometric benchmarks of healthy athletes can offer clinicians performance insight into neuromuscular preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1194-1203"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12701840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Former Collegiate Athletes' Healthcare Needs During and After Sport Transition: An Exploratory Study.","authors":"Erin J Reifsteck, Yeongjun Seo, DeAnne D Brooks, J D Defreese, Randy L Aldret, Kira Borum, Peyton A Greco, Mari A Dortch Diaz, Avinash Chandran","doi":"10.1177/19417381261428132","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261428132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Student-athletes face unique challenges when transitioning out of collegiate sports, losing access to comprehensive athletic department healthcare services while navigating the critical developmental period of emerging adulthood.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Identify health and wellbeing needs among former student-athletes who have recently transitioned out of college sports to inform targeted healthcare transition strategies.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Mixed-methods design.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 35 former student-athletes (17 women, 18 men) representing diverse backgrounds who participated in their final collegiate competition between 2019 and 2023 completed surveys assessing self-reported measures of health indicators, transition healthcare resources, healthcare engagement, and sport transition planning. A total of 12 former student-athletes participated in focus groups exploring barriers and facilitators in their healthcare transition experience.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants generally perceived their current health as similar to or improved compared with their collegiate athletic careers (37.1% each), whereas a smaller proportion reported worse health (25.7%). While many participants reported having a general transition plan, most (68.6%) lacked a specific healthcare management plan. Participants cited difficulties with obtaining the care or treatment they needed. Focus groups highlighted a \"Performance over People\" culture in elite sport in which athletic achievement was prioritized over long-term well-being. \"Relational Resources\" such as support from family, friends, mentors, and knowledgeable medical professionals were critical for successful sport transition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The broader culture of elite sport and the long-term consequences of participation appear to affect how student-athletes understand their health and engage with healthcare as former athletes. Former collegiate athletes experience notable gaps in healthcare support during their transition out of collegiate sports, particularly in accessing holistic care from providers who understand their health needs as former student-athletes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Structured healthcare transition planning, specialized provider networks that connect patients to medical professionals with sport-specific expertise, and formal mentorship programs are potential strategies for promoting the physical and mental wellbeing of former student-athletes during and after their transition out of collegiate sport.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1296-1306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13061851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Preoperative Mood Disorders on Postoperative Complications and Healthcare Utilization in Adolescent Sports Injuries.","authors":"Emily Moya, Jude AlRahman Alawa, Aneysis Gonzalez-Suarez, William Pike, Gavin Hui, Molly Meadows, Kevin Shea","doi":"10.1177/19417381261465978","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261465978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent trends show a rise in sports-related surgeries among adolescents, alongside an increase in mood disorders in this group, suggesting a complex interplay between psychological health and surgical recovery. This observation has underscored the need for a focused study on how preoperative psychological states influence postoperative complications in adolescent athletes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Preoperative mood disorders negatively affect postoperative complications in adolescents undergoing sports-related surgeries.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Atropos Health Eos Dataset, this retrospective cohort study examined 6805 adolescents without mood disorders and 525 with mood disorders who underwent sports surgeries between January 2015 and August 2023. We analyzed the impact of preoperative mood disorders on early postoperative healthcare utilization, primarily follow-up visit attendance. We contextualized these findings alongside complication rates using multivariable logistic regression, propensity score matching, and standardized mean differences to control for baseline disparities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adolescents with preoperative mood disorders were significantly less likely to attend postoperative follow-ups (odds ratio [OR], 0.633; 95% CI, 0.469-0.853; <i>P</i> = 0.003), indicating potential challenges in engagement with postoperative care. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative complications between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that mood disorders are not associated with a higher incidence of early postoperative complications but may contribute to lower adherence to postoperative follow-up care. This finding underscores the importance of identifying psychological factors that may affect healthcare engagement, and highlights the need for support strategies for adolescents with mood disorders.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Understanding how mood disorders may influence healthcare engagement and follow-up utilization can inform future screening and intervention strategies. Tailoring postoperative follow-up protocols to address the psychological needs of these patients may enhance overall outcomes and athlete satisfaction with their surgical recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1320-1327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13400711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148581225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Concurrent Strength and Aerobic Exercise Training on Cognitive Health in Adults With Physiological or Neurocognitive Disorders: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Mingyang Zhang, Ruixiang Yan, Lijie Lou, Kailin Wu, Junyi Bian, Duanying Li, Jian Sun","doi":"10.1177/19417381261451825","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261451825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of concurrent strength and aerobic exercise training (CET) on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults with physiological conditions (e.g., type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, frailty, fibromyalgia) or neurocognitive disorders (e.g., mild cognitive impairment, dementia, Alzheimer's disease [AD]).</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Two independent reviewers conducted a systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, CNKI, WanFang, and Google Scholar from inception to July 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining CET (≥4 weeks) in clinical populations, reporting global cognition via validated tools (e.g., Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE], Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]). Non-RCTs, acute interventions, healthy populations, and lack of control were excluded. Two reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment independently using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool; discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CI were calculated using random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level II.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 RCTs involving 3463 participants (age range, 43.9-92.1 years; 48% female) were included. Of these, 714 participants had physiological disorders (e.g., diabetes, fibromyalgia, frailty) and 2442 had neurocognitive disorders (e.g., dementia, AD). CET significantly improved global cognitive function compared with controls (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.50; <i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>I</i>² = 67%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant improvements in both physiological disorders (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.49; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and neurocognitive disorders (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14 to 0.55; <i>P</i> < 0.01). No publication bias was detected (Egger's test <i>P</i> = 0.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CET is an effective nonpharmacological intervention for enhancing cognitive health in middle-aged and older adults with physiological or neurocognitive disorders.Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT):Moderate.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1307-1319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13309361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Isometric Priming on the Horizontal Force-Velocity Profile and Multidirectional Speed Performance in Youth Soccer Players.","authors":"Ramón Lorenzo-Alonso, David M Díez-Fernández, Alexis Padrón-Cabo, David Solleiro-Duran, Alejandro Pérez-Castilla, Andrés Baena-Raya","doi":"10.1177/19417381261469676","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261469676","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Priming strategies are used to enhance neuromuscular performance before competition, yet the effects of isometric (ISO) priming on sprint mechanical determinants and change of direction (COD) performance remain unclear in youth soccer players.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>An ISO priming session may improve COD performance and horizontal force-velocity (FV) profile variables, and participants' strength levels may be associated with individual performance responses.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized crossover trial.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten male youth soccer players completed 2 conditions during training performed 3 days before match-play: an ISO condition (isometric midthigh pulls [3 × 3 repetitions of 3 seconds, with 10 seconds between repetitions and 2 minutes between sets]) and a control condition comprising their usual soccer training. Horizontal FV profile variables, 30-meter sprint, and modified 505 COD performance were assessed before and 24 hours after each condition. Exploratory regression analyses examined associations between participants' strength levels and performance responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant time × condition interactions were observed for FV-profile theoretical maximal force (F₀) and modified 505 with the nondominant leg (505-ND), both improving after ISO (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). However, sensitivity analyses indicated that the 505-ND response was influenced by condition sequence (<i>P</i> = 0.003). In contrast, ISO decreased FV-profile theoretical maximal velocity (V₀) and worsened the decrease in force orientation with increasing velocity (both <i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). No significant interactions were found for 30-meter sprint time or modified 505 with the dominant leg, although 30-meter sprint time increased similarly across both conditions. Relative peak force was associated with changes in 505-ND performance (<i>r</i> = 0.633; <i>P</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ISO priming may represent a practical, low-fatigue strategy to enhance selected force-oriented performance in youth soccer players, although effects on velocity-oriented sprint outcomes appear limited. Exploratory analyses also suggest that baseline relative strength may influence individual responsiveness to this strategy, particularly for COD performance.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>ISO priming may help enhance horizontal force production during competitive microcycles in youth soccer players and may provide benefits for selected COD outcomes. However, these benefits may not extend to velocity-dependent outputs, supporting its use as a complementary and individualized priming strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1362-1371"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473208/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148714410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deterioration in Performance Metrics After Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures in Elite Rugby Union Players: A Retrospective Sports Database Study.","authors":"Jared Rubin, Alexander Tham, Edward S Mojica, James J Butler, Adarsh Aratikatla, Taylor Wingo, James D F Calder, John G Kennedy","doi":"10.1177/19417381261436438","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261436438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute Achilles tendon ruptures (AATRs) are devastating injuries for athletes, yet outcomes in elite rugby union players remain poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Elite rugby union players who sustain AATRs will demonstrate significantly reduced performance metrics postinjury compared with preinjury levels.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective case series.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of elite rugby union players who sustained Achilles ruptures from 2013 to 2025 was performed. Data, including player demographics, injury characteristics, and performance metrics, were collected from rugby databases and media reports. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare pre- and postrupture performance metrics. Effect size was calculated using matched-pairs rank-biserial correlation, with median paired differences and 95% CIs. A <i>P</i> value <0.05 was determined as statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 52 elite rugby union players with a median age of 28 years were identified. Overall, 80.8% of players returned to play (RTP) at a median time of 8.5 months. In the season immediately after injury, games played, tries, tries per game, points, and points per game were all significantly lower than preinjury values (all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.003; <i>r</i> = -0.49 to -0.61). Across all seasons, games per season, tries per season, tries per game, points per season, and points per game were significantly lower after injury (all <i>P</i> < 0.001; <i>r</i> = -0.47 to -0.72).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AATRs in elite rugby union players were associated with significant declines in performance metrics in both the immediate postinjury season and across subsequent seasons. These findings highlight the substantial performance impact of AATRs and support the need for improved position-specific prevention strategies and targeted postinjury rehabilitation protocols.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Clinicians can use these findings to counsel rugby athletes and teams on prognosis, treatment decisions, and realistic performance expectations after AATRs.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1204-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13050355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147618386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}