Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach最新文献

{"title":"Sex Differences in Mental Health Symptoms in Elite Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Michelle E Kew, Udit Dave, William Marmor, Reena Olsen, Bridget Jivanelli, Sung Huang Laurent Tsai, Liang-Tseng Kuo, Daphne I Ling","doi":"10.1177/19417381241264491","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241264491","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Mental health is a growing area of concern for elite athletes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the sex differences in mental health symptoms in elite athletes.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were used.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Included studies included comparisons of mental health symptoms of athletes by sex.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2a.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>The rate ratio (RR) was calculated as the rates in female and male athletes. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1945 articles identified, 60 articles were included. Male athletes reported higher alcohol misuse (RR, 0.74; CI, 0.68-0.80), illicit drug abuse (RR, 0.82; CI, 0.75-0.89), and gambling problems (RR, 0.14; CI, 0.08-0.25). Female athletes reported higher overall anxiety (RR, 1.17; CI, 1.08-1.27), depression (RR, 1.42; CI, 1.31-1.54), distress (RR, 1.98; CI, 1.40-2.81), and disordered eating (RR, 2.19; CI, 1.58-3.02). Sleep disturbances were reported at similar rates in male and female athletes (RR, 1.13; CI, 0.98-1.30).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Female and male athletes have significant differences in reported mental health symptoms. Female athletes are more likely to report anxiety, depression, distress, and disordered eating, while male athletes report more alcohol misuse, illicit drug abuse, and gambling. Monitoring and evaluation of mental health is a necessary part of any sport, including access to resources. Longitudinal studies following athletes over time to determine the development and causation for mental health symptoms should be included in future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"732-743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency Action Planning in United States High Schools.","authors":"Riley Michael Hedberg, Jack Michael Ayres, William Messamore, Jordan P Baker, Armin Tarakemeh, Richard Burkholder, Luis Salazar, Bryan George Vopat, Jean-Philippe Darche","doi":"10.1177/19417381241277833","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241277833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rates of emergency action plan (EAP) implementation and compliance with EAP guidelines vary in United States secondary schools. There are limited data on emergency preparedness in schools without athletic trainers (ATs).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Rural and high poverty schools have poor emergency preparedness for high school athletic events due to financial barriers and lack of ATs.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 5.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A web-based questionnaire was emailed by each State High School Athletics Association to ATs, athletic directors, and coaches of recipient schools to assess emergency preparedness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 686 responses were received (response rate ~3.5%). Schools with an AT on staff were more likely to have an EAP (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Schools with a higher enrollment were more likely to have an EAP (<i>P</i> < 0.01), an AT on staff (<i>P</i> < 0.01), require additional training for coaches (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and have an automated external defibrillator (AED) onsite for all events (<i>P</i> < 0.01). Urban (odds ratio [OR], 3.514; 95% CI [2.242, 5.507]; <i>P</i> < 0.01) and suburban (OR, 4.950; 95% CI [3.287, 7.454]; <i>P</i> < 0.01) districts were more likely than rural districts to have an AT on staff. High poverty districts were less likely to have an AED (OR, 0.660; 95% CI [0.452, 0.964]; <i>P</i> = 0.03) or EAP (OR, 0.511; 95% CI [0.306, 0.853]; <i>P</i> < 0.01) at athletic venues.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Lower enrollment, high poverty, and rural schools are less prepared for athletic emergencies than their higher enrollment, low poverty, and suburban counterparts as these schools are generally less likely to have an AT on staff, AEDs, and EAPs and less likely to provide additional training to coaches and other staff.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study assesses athletic emergency preparedness-a critical component of ensuring athlete safety and recovery after injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"723-731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Percutaneous Needle Tenotomy for Tendinopathies: Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Hye Chang Rhim, Nicholas Tsitsilianos, Steven Makovitch","doi":"10.1177/19417381251346154","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251346154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"870-871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144235957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing a Reference Database for Select Clinical Measures in National Basketball Association Players.","authors":"Philip A Anloague, Donald S Strack, Steve Short, Carl Eaton, Joshua Corbeil, Shawn Windle","doi":"10.1177/19417381241275648","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241275648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Musculoskeletal injuries are prevalent in the NBA and are associated with a significant number of games missed. There is a lack of reference data for clinical measures in NBA players, making it difficult for sports medicine professionals to set goals and develop programs.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Values for clinical measures in NBA players will differ from those of the general population but will not differ between dominant (D) and nondominant (ND) limbs.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical measures were taken on 325 players invited to NBA training camp (2008-2022). Measures included range of motion for great toe extension, hip rotation, weightbearing ankle dorsiflexion, flexibility, arch height (AH) indices, and tibial varum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clinical values for NBA players differ from reference norms of the general population. Results for NBA players include great toe extension (D, 40.4°; ND, 39.3°), 90/90 hamstring (D, 41.5°; ND, 40.9°), hip internal rotation (D, 29.0°; ND, 28.8°), hip external rotation (D, 29.7°; ND, 30.9°), total hip rotation (D, 60.2°; ND, 60.4°), Ely (D, 109.9°; ND, 108.8°), AH difference (D, 0.5 mm; ND, 0.5 mm), AH index (D, 0.310; ND, 0.307), arch stiffness (D, 0.024; ND, 0.024), arch rigidity (D, 0.924; ND, 0.925), tibial varum (D, 4.6°; ND, 4.5°), and weightbearing ankle dorsiflexion (D, 35.4°; ND, 35.6°). Descriptive statistics are presented; 2-tailed paired <i>t</i> tests show that, whereas most measures demonstrated differences between sides, the results were not statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical measures of NBA players differ from those reported for the general population and athletes of other sports although there were no statistically significant differences between D and ND limbs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Establishing a reference database may help clinicians develop more sensitive and more effective preseason and return-to-play screening processes, aiding the management of player orthopaedic care and reducing injury risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"853-861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoulder Injury Incidence and Epidemiology in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Fastpitch Softball Players: A Systematic Review and Future Research Perspectives.","authors":"Matthew Como, Gabrielle Fatora, Stephanie A Boden, Rajiv P Reddy, Confidence Njoku-Austin, Ehab M Nazzal, Albert Lin","doi":"10.1177/19417381241276018","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241276018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Fastpitch softball is one of the most popular sports in the United States among young female athletes. Softball players regularly subject their shoulders to extreme range of motion and high velocity movements. To date, no systematic review has reported on the epidemiology and incidence of shoulder injuries in softball players.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the incidence and epidemiology of softball-related shoulder injuries in youth, high school, and collegiate female softball players.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for relevant English language articles from 1980 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Studies selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Studies were required to be available full text, in English.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>A preliminary screening was performed based on study title and abstract. In the subsequent screening, the full text versions of the remaining articles were evaluated by 2 reviewers for the fulfillment of the inclusion criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7 articles met criteria for inclusion. All studies evaluated injuries among softball players for at least 1 season. In total, there were 1107 softball-related shoulder injuries reported in the 7 studies included in this systematic review. Of the 3 studies that included a shoulder injury rate, a mean rate of 4.01 shoulder injuries per 10,000 athlete-exposures was calculated. The 2 most common shoulder injuries were shoulder muscle-tendon strains (297) and shoulder/biceps tendinitis (220).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-level prospective studies reporting injury incidence and risk factors among female softball players are extremely limited. Only 2 studies eligible for inclusion in this systematic review were prospective in nature, with neither of these reporting the specific injury rate for shoulder injuries among softball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"759-765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and Trends in Women's Lacrosse Head and Musculoskeletal Injuries: A 15-Year Review of National Injury Data.","authors":"Avanish Yendluri, Katrina S Nietsch, Nikan K Namiri, Grant Gonsalves, John J Corvi, Joseph Herrera, Christopher J Nowinski, Robert L Parisien","doi":"10.1177/19417381241287520","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241287520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Head injury rates in lacrosse may be higher among women compared with men. Understanding these trends can guide appropriate injury prevention for female athletes.</p><p><strong>Hypotheses: </strong>Injuries most commonly involve the head, with no significant decline over the study period; contact with other players would be the most common injury mechanism.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Descriptive epidemiological.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried (January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2022) for women's lacrosse injuries presenting to United States (US) emergency departments (EDs). Patient demographics, injury diagnosis, body part injured, disposition, and clinical narrative were extracted. The provided narrative identified the mechanism of injury. Linear regression analysis assessed trends over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An estimated 57,635 women's lacrosse injuries occurred during the study period extrapolated from 1899 evaluated NEISS cases. The mean age was 15.81 ± 5.35 years, with 68.3% of injuries sustained by high school (14- to 18-year-old) players. Over one-third of all injuries were to the head (national estimate [NE], 19,358; 33.6%), followed by the ankle (NE, 10,475; 18.2%), then the knee (NE, 6969; 12.1%). Strain/sprains were most common (NE, 19,402; 33.7%) followed by closed head injury (CHI)/sports-related concussion (SRC) (NE, 11,794; 20.5%) and contusion/abrasion (NE, 10,605; 18.4%). ED presentations of CHIs/SRCs and fractures remained elevated with no significant decline over the study period (<i>P</i> <i>></i> 0.05), despite a significant decrease in strains/sprains and contusions/abrasions (<i>P</i> < 0.01 and <i>P</i> = 0.01, respectively). The most common injury mechanism was collision/contact with another player (NE, 10,664; 18.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An estimated one-third of women's lacrosse players in the study sample had a head injury. CHIs and SRCs accounted for 20.5% of all injuries.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Given the high proportion of contact-related head injuries, headgear mandates and improved player safety protocols may be warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"703-709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556560/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Shoulder and Elbow Pathology in Major League Baseball Prospects From the Dominican Republic.","authors":"Thomas A Fortney, Andrew J Luzzi, Zachary M Tenner, Kevin Ma, Brandon L Rogalski, Christopher S Ahmad","doi":"10.1177/19417381241277790","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241277790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rates of shoulder and elbow pathology are well documented among competitive baseball players in the United States; however, little is known about the prevalence of these pathologies in the Dominican Republic (DR).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the epidemiology of shoulder and elbow pathology among participants at a Major League Baseball scouting event in Santo Domingo, DR.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective descriptive study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All pitchers and position players who attended the 2021 scouting event were reviewed. Those with complete medical history, physical examination, imaging series, and radiology reports were included. All participants underwent shoulder and elbow radiography, while pitchers also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All pathologic findings on imaging studies were recorded and compared among position players and pitchers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-five participants (average age, 17.9 years) were reviewed (42 position players, 33 pitchers); 72% and 32% had ≥1 abnormal finding on elbow and shoulder radiographs, respectively. Position players had significantly higher numbers of elbow radiographic findings compared with pitchers (81% vs 57.6%, <i>P</i> = 0.03) but similar numbers on shoulder radiograph (28.6% vs 33.3%, <i>P</i> = 0.66). Position players had high numbers of acromioclavicular separation (14.3%) and little leaguer's shoulder (14.3%) on shoulder radiograph, with olecranon osteophytes (23.8%) and medial epicondyle nonunions (11.9%) prevalent on elbow radiograph. Pitchers had high numbers of rotator cuff pathology (93.9%), labral tears (75.8%), and Bennett lesions (51.5%). On elbow imaging, pitchers had high numbers of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) abnormalities (81.8%), olecranon osteophytes (69.7%), osteochondral lesions (18.2%), and medial epicondyle nonunions (12.1%). Two pitchers had complete UCL disruption (6.1%), while 8 had partial tears (24.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dominican baseball prospects had high numbers of asymptomatic shoulder and elbow pathology on imaging studies. Knowledge of the prevalence of these pathologies can guide injury prevention programs in Dominican youth baseball.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"766-774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142141667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Levels in Persons With Patellofemoral Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Sungwan Kim, Yin Wu, Neal R Glaviano, Linda S Pescatello","doi":"10.1177/19417381241264494","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241264494","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Pain and symptoms of patellofemoral pain (PFP) are often exacerbated during daily activities, which may result in reduced overall physical activity levels.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the evidence for physical activity levels among persons with PFP compared with pain-free controls.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>PubMed, Embase, CINHAL, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus were searched from January 1, 2000 to February 22, 2024.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Peer-reviewed studies published in English that measured physical activity subjectively or objectively in persons with PFP and pain-free controls.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review with meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 1.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI are reported based on Hedges' <i>g</i> effect sizes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 23,745 records, 41 studies met the eligibility criteria. There was high-to-moderate-certainty evidence that persons with PFP reported higher physical activity levels compared with pain-free controls using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (SMD, 0.27; 95% CI 0.03, 0.51), whereas lower physical activity levels compared with pain-free controls using the Tegner Activity Scale (SMD, -0.31; 95% CI -0.57, -0.04). There was low-to-moderate-certainty evidence that there was no group difference in physical activity levels using the Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire (SMD, 0.17; 95% CI -0.09, 0.44) or self-reported sports participation duration (SMD, -0.46; 95% CI -0.98, 0.05). There was high-certainty evidence that runners with PFP reported shorter running distances compared with pain-free runners (SMD, -0.36, 95% CI -0.57, -0.14). No data pooling was possible for objectively measured physical activity levels due to device heterogeneity (ie, different algorithms used to quantify the intensity of physical activity).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Self-reported physical activity levels among persons with PFP were inconsistent depending on the physical activity measurement tool used or which specific physical activity was measured. Clinicians should integrate multiple physical activity assessment tools to determine the extent to which PFP influences physical activity levels.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>PROSPERO #CRD42022314598.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"804-814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CNS and Thorax Injury and Associated Risks Factors in Equestrian Sports.","authors":"Anna E Crawford, Lauren K Picken, Fernanda D Gabriel, Jonathan Quade, Sara Gould","doi":"10.1177/19417381241275655","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241275655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Equestrian sports continue to gain popularity in the United States and are associated with a high injury rate, especially involving the central nervous system and thorax. Due to this high rate of injury and the potential for long-term consequences associated with participation, an understanding of the unique risks of this sport is needed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe severe injury in equestrian sports and review the role that protective gear plays in injury mitigation.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The PubMed Database was searched using the search terms \"equestrian\" and \"horse\" combined with \"spinal cord injury,\" \"head injury,\" \"traumatic brain injury,\" \"experience levels,\" and \"demographics.\"</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>A total of 53 papers were selected based on their relevance of epidemiology, risk factors, and management of injuries sustained during equestrian activities. Case studies, randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, and retrospective studies were all included for further review.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>None.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Injuries to the thorax, including fractures, pneumothoraces, internal organ contusions, and crush injuries, have been cited in multiple national and international trauma registries as the most prevalent injury location in equestrians; however, head and neck injuries, high cervical spine fractures, and closed head injuries are reported to be associated with the highest rates of mortality. Helmets provide protection against skull fracture and traumatic brain injury. Vests were not associated with diminished rates of spinal cord injuries; however, they may provide protection to the thorax. Riding experience also plays a role in reducing the prevalence of injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Equestrian-related activities are associated with a high risk of injury despite protective measures. Protective gear can mitigate some injury risk but does not protect against spinal injury. Continued investigation into improving protective equipment, rider education, and preventative strategies to mitigate this risk is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"697-702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11569656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142114772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bigger Than Ever.","authors":"Edward M Wojtys","doi":"10.1177/19417381251346360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251346360","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":"17 4","pages":"655-656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}