Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach最新文献

{"title":"Is Strength the Main Risk Factor of Overuse Shoulder Injuries? A Cohort Study of 296 Amateur Overhead Athletes.","authors":"Leonardo Intelangelo, Ignacio Lassaga, Elias Gonzalo, Cristian Mendoza, Juan Manuel Ormazabal, Iván Roulet, Nicolás Bevacqua, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga","doi":"10.1177/19417381241298287","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241298287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints in overhead athletes. This study investigated the prevalence of the main risk factors and sex differences related to the development of shoulder pain in a cohort of amateur overhead athletes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>The external rotation/internal rotation (ER/IR) isometric strength ratio <0.75% is the most prevalent risk factor associated to overuse shoulder injuries in both sexes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 296 (147 male and 149 female) amateur overhead athletes from handball, volleyball, and water polo participated in this cross-sectional study. Isometric strength, rotational range of motion, and scapular control were analyzed bilaterally. The measurements and motions were randomized between sides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ER/IR isometric strength ratio deficit among the disciplines was presented in 264 and 229 out of 296 athletes in the dominant and nondominant sides, respectively. Normalized isometric strength showed significant differences for dominant (<i>P</i> < 0.01; ε² = 0.47) and nondominant IR (<i>P</i> < 0.01; ε² = 0.60). No significant differences were observed between dominant (<i>P</i> = 0.44; ε² = 0.05) and nondominant ER (<i>P</i> = -0.24; ε² = 0.07). The prevalence of glenohumeral IR deficit (GIRD) (<i>P</i> = 0.81) and total arc of motion differences (TAMD) (<i>P</i> = 0.39) was low, with no difference between sexes. Male (16.3%) and female (12.1%) athletes had low rate of obvious scapular dyskinesis in their dominant shoulders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Muscle strength was the most prevalent risk factor. The ER/IR ratio imbalance was present in both sides, without sex differences. Risk factors such as scapular dyskinesis, GIRD, and TAMD were present in low percentages, without sex differences.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>It is advisable to implement shoulder exercises to strengthen ER muscles to decrease differences between internal and external rotators and prevent injuries in overhead athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1028-1035"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11664554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142878376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Augmented Feedback and Music During the Bench Press Resistance Exercise: Does Their Combination Compromise Mechanical Performance?","authors":"Sergio Miras-Moreno, Jonathon Weakley, Luis M Martínez-Zafra, Alejandro Pérez-Castilla","doi":"10.1177/19417381251316216","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251316216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Verbal feedback (knowledge of results [KR]) and listening to music are common ergogenic strategies used to boost athlete performance during resistance exercise. No previous research has explored their effects when both strategies are combined in the same exercise session (KR+music). This study aimed to examine the impact of providing KR, listening to music, and their combined effects on: (1) mechanical responses (number of repetitions, fastest velocity, and average velocity in a set), and (2) perceptual responses (feeling scale [FS], rating of perceived exertion [RPE], and rate of perceived discomfort [RPD]) when a determined percentage of velocity loss (%VL) is prescribed.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Providing KR or listening to music would provide an ergogenic effect on these outcomes whereas KR+music can compromise mechanical performance.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifteen recreational resistance-trained men were tested on 5 occasions separated by a 48 to 72 hour washout period. The first session was used to determine the bench press 1-repetition maximum (1RM) strength. The 4 experimental sessions were identical (4 sets at 70% 1RM with a 20%VL during bench press exercise) except for the intervention (ie, control, KR, music, and KR+music) used randomly on each session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings revealed that: (1) mechanical performance was significantly greater for the music condition (from 5.7% to 20.4%), followed by the KR+music (from 4.9% to 15.4%) and KR (from -0.4% to 8.1%) condition, and (2) greater FS values were found for music compared with control condition, while no significant differences were reported for RPE or RPD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Listening to music enhances bench press performance and mood; adding KR does not compromise these benefits.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Recreational athlete performance may benefit from listening to music, and KR+music does not compromise this effect. However, athlete preference should take priority when implementing these ergogenic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"942-950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11808692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative Physical Therapy Is Protective From Construct Failure in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.","authors":"Nicholas J Peterman, Brian K Hansen, Evan P Sandefur, Darren T Hackley, Garret Burks, Devon R Pekas, John R Tuttle","doi":"10.1177/19417381241298308","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241298308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) construct failure have been studied extensively. However, while some studies account for variables such as activity level, construct types, preoperative physical therapy, or patient demographics individually, comprehensive studies that control for all these factors simultaneously are scarce.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>By utilizing a robust multivariable analysis, the factors associated with an increased risk of ACLR construct failure can be determined.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted, encompassing patients who underwent primary ACLR between January 2015 and December 2021.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eligible patients were identified using the current procedural terminology code 29888. Datapoints collected included demographics, body mass index, injury setting, graft type, graft size, fixation type, concomitant ligamentous injuries, notchplasty, operating surgeon, preoperative physical therapy, and instances of construct failure. The prevalence of construct failure was analyzed using chi-square tests, comparing across all graft and fixation type combinations in ACLR procedures. A mixed-effects logistic regression model was utilized to account for the potential influence of all relevant variables on construct failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 1245 patients, the construct failure rate was 5.62% (n = 70), with >95% of patients having >2 years of retrospective follow-up (95% CI [4.34-6.90]), with a median failure time of 502.5 days (interquartile range [265.5-1033.8]). The mixed-effect logistic model identified preoperative physical therapy (odds ratio, 0.404, 95% CI [0.193-0.844]) as the only significant factor in possibly preventing construct failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Contrary to conventional focus on graft and fixation types, this study emphasizes the protective role of preoperative physical therapy in reducing ACLR construct failure.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Our findings suggest the integration of preoperative physical therapy in clinical practices to mitigate ACLR construct failure risk, warranting further exploration in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1072-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11653376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the Frequency of a Targeted Neuromuscular Training Program a Factor in Modifying Knee Joint Loading During Typical Netball Landing Tasks?","authors":"Desmond Boey, Ranald Joseph, Marcus Lee","doi":"10.1177/19417381241283819","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241283819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unplanned sidestep cutting and forward single-leg jump-landing contribute to non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in netball. Neuromuscular training programs (NMTPs) have shown promising results in reducing injury risk in certain populations when compliance is high. Compliance is easier to achieve when NMTPs are effective yet require minimal time for completion.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Once- and thrice-weekly intervention groups would be equally effective in reducing knee abduction and internal rotation moments during forward single-leg jump landing and unplanned sidestep cutting.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>External peak knee abduction and peak knee internal rotation moments during unplanned sidestep cutting and forward single-leg jump-landing were assessed pre- and post-intervention for 17 elite-level female netballers assigned randomly to either a once-weekly or thrice-weekly group. Regular netball training continued throughout the intervention, which lasted 6 weeks (30 minutes/session). One-way analysis of covariance (α = 0.05) was utilized to compare post-intervention peak knee abduction and peak knee internal rotation moments between groups, controlling for pre-intervention knee moments during the forward single-leg jump-landing and unplanned sidestep cut. Paired <i>t</i> tests were used to examine within-group changes in knee moments pre- versus post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For unplanned sidestep cuts on the right leg, both groups differed significantly, with the once-weekly group displaying a decrease in peak knee internal rotation moments [<i>F</i>(1,14) = 5.23; <i>P</i> = 0.04] whereas the thrice-weekly group did not. No other significant group interactions were found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A condensed NMTP with targeted exercises, performed once-weekly as part of regular training, shows potential to reduce peak knee internal rotation moments that are injurious to the ACL during unplanned sidestep cutting in adult female netballers.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A once-weekly targeted NMTP would pose minimal disruption to a high-performing athlete's training schedule and likely increase compliance to ensure the success of the NMTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1091-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Injury Prevention Program Using a Global Systems Approach on High-Risk Movement Mechanics for Noncontact ACL Injury.","authors":"Bahram Sheikhi, Amir Letafatkar, Malihe Hadadnezhad, Jennifer Hogg","doi":"10.1177/19417381241290151","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241290151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Injury prevention training using a global systems approach was designed to develop integrated trunk-lower extremity neuromuscular control using whole-body, rotational forces about the vertical Z-axis during simulated sports movements.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Compared with traditional hip-focused exercises, injury prevention training using a global systems approach could improve kinetic and kinematic measures related to anterior cruciate ligament injury.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Controlled laboratory study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 39 male and female athletes received 6 weeks of either global systems approach (n = 20), or hip-focused strengthening, balance, and plyometrics training (n = 19) exercises. Before and after the training program, participants performed a single-leg vertical drop jump task on their dominant leg. Peak vertical ground-reaction forces (GRFs), peak knee abduction, internal rotation moments, peak hip flexion, hip adduction, knee flexion, knee abduction, contralateral pelvic drop, and lateral trunk flexion angles were assessed. Biomechanical data were compared between the 2 groups using a random-intercept linear mixed-models analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant group × time interaction effect was found for vertical GRFs (<i>P</i> = 0.01; change difference relative to baseline: 4.5%), knee abduction moment (<i>P</i> = 0.01; 14.8%), hip adduction (<i>P</i> < 0.01; 16.7%), knee abduction (<i>P</i> < 0.01; 13.8%), contralateral pelvic drop (<i>P</i> < 0.01; change difference: 26.6%), and lateral trunk flexion (<i>P</i> <i>=</i> 0.04; 20.37%) angles, favoring the global systems approach group after 6 weeks of training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants who trained using the global systems approach had significantly decreased lateral trunk flexion, hip adduction, knee abduction and contralateral pelvic drop angles, peak vertical GRFs, and peak knee abduction moment during a single-leg vertical drop jump compared with participants who trained with hip-focused exercises.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Incorporating additional external resistance at the proximal trunk results in improved biomechanics compared with conventional hip-focused exercises.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1081-1090"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142480729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport-Related Injury and Performance Enhancing Substance Use by Young Athletes.","authors":"Michael McNaughton, Danielle Hunt, Becky Parmeter, Michael O'Brien, Danielle Cook, William Meehan, Andrea Stracciolini","doi":"10.1177/19417381241287199","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241287199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Legal performance enhancing substance (PES) use is increasing in young athletes and may lead to banned PES use. This study examines legal PES use and consideration of banned PES use in young athletes with a season-ending injury (SEI) compared to young athletes with non-SEI/no previous injury.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Young athletes sustaining SEI or concussions have increased odds of reporting legal PES use and consideration of banned PES use compared with non-SEI or no injury.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study from 2013 to 2020 of athletes aged 6 to 25 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No association was found between reporting legal PES use or consideration of banned PES use and young athletes with SEI or concussion compared with no injury/non-SEI. 14% of athletes reported legal PES use and 3% reported consideration of banned PES use. In adjusted analysis, athletes who were male (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% CI, 1.16-1.73; <i>P</i> = 0.03), have history of depression (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.26-7.18; <i>P</i> = 0.01), weight train (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.04-2.65; <i>P</i> = 0.03), and believe that athletic ability is influenced by weight (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.08-2.83; <i>P</i> = 0.02) had increased odds of reporting legal PES use. Older (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.03-1.36; <i>P</i> = 0.02) and male (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02-1.81; <i>P</i> < 0.04) athletes had increased odds of consideration of banned PES use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found no increased odds of reported PES use in young athletes with sports-related injury or concussion regardless of injury type or severity. Factors associated with PES use were male sex, age, history of depression, weight training, and belief that weight affects athletic performance.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Risk factors associated with PES use in young athletes are essentially unknown. This study can inform pertinent clinical care, education, and policy implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"891-905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556566/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiating Testosterone Therapy Without Indication for Treatment of Low Testosterone Is Associated With Higher Risk of Tendon Tear.","authors":"Timothy L Waters, Julianna E Winter, Bela P Delvadia, David S May, Michael J O'Brien, Felix H Savoie, William F Sherman","doi":"10.1177/19417381251334083","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251334083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies have demonstrated an increasing rate of testosterone supplementation in patients who do not meet criteria for testosterone deficiency, but the risks associated with testosterone supplementation are unclear.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Patients initiating testosterone therapy would be diagnosed with significantly more tendon tears and undergo significantly more tendon repairs than matched controls never on testosterone therapy.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cohort study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male patients who initiated testosterone therapy within 30 days of a primary care visit and who did not meet criteria for treatment of low testosterone were identified (n = 112,242). Propensity score matching generated a control cohort (n = 448,968) with no history of testosterone therapy and based on several comorbidities at the time of said age-matched primary care visit. Rates of tendon tears and tendon repairs within 1 and 2 years after primary care visit were compared using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within 1 and 2 years, compared with controls, the testosterone supplementation cohort demonstrated significantly higher rates of rotator cuff tear (odds ratio [OR], 1.35; OR, 1.31), patellar tendon tear (OR, 2.06; OR, 2.14), and any tendon tear (OR, 1.33; OR, 1.31). The testosterone supplementation cohort demonstrated significantly higher rates of quadriceps tendon tears within 1 year (OR, 1.59). Within 1 and 2 years, compared with controls, the testosterone supplementation cohort demonstrated significantly higher rates of rotator cuff repair (OR, 1.28; OR, 1.23), distal biceps tendon repair (OR, 1.65; OR, 1.54), patellar tendon repair (OR, 2.28; OR, 2.18), and any tendon repair (OR, 1.27; OR, 1.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Testosterone supplementation is associated with an increased risk of tendon tears and repairs for at least the first and second year after initiating therapy in patients with no documented laboratory testing. Patients considering testosterone therapy should be counseled on this increased risk of tendon injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1013-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144046120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar Regional Hypertrophy of the Elbow Flexor Muscles in Response to Low-Load Training With Vascular Occlusion at Short Versus Long Muscle Lengths.","authors":"Levi da Silva Vendruscolo, Helderson Brendon, Victoria Hevia-Larraín, André Yui Aihara, Vitor de Salles Painelli","doi":"10.1177/19417381241287522","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241287522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The regional hypertrophy response of elbow flexor muscles was compared after unilateral elbow flexion training in extended versus flexed shoulder position under vascular occlusion, which can induce muscle hypertrophy in the absence of muscle damage-induced edema/swelling.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Hypertrophy of elbow flexor muscles would be greater in extended compared with flexed shoulder position.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Randomized within-subject trial.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 21 resistance-trained men (age, 25 ± 5 years; height, 1.78 ± 0.07 m; weight, 79.3 ± 13.1 kg) performed unilateral elbow flexions with one shoulder extended/elbow flexor muscles lengthened/long muscle length (LONG) and the other flexed/elbow flexor muscles shortened/short muscle length (SHORT) under a low-load (30% 1-repetition maximum) vascular occlusion training regimen (15 repetitions per set, 4 sets per session, 4 sessions per week for 3 weeks, using 80% of vascular occlusion pressure). Magnetic resonance imaging measured elbow flexor muscles cross-sectional area (EFCSA) pre- and post-training at 45%, 65%, and 85% of humerus length.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EFCSA significantly increased in both SHORT (<i>P</i> = 0.04) and LONG (<i>P</i> = 0.05) at 45% and 85% lengths (<i>P</i> < 0.01 for both). Changes in EFCSA between SHORT and LONG were statistically similar at the 45% (+6.20% vs +5.08%; Cohen <i>d</i> = 0.006; <i>P</i> = 0.98), 65% (+5.91% vs +3.83%, Cohen <i>d =</i> 0.28, <i>P</i> = 0.30), and 85% lengths (+8.51% vs +7.38%, Cohen <i>d =</i> 0.18,<i>P</i> = 0.56).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Muscle hypertrophy of the elbow flexor muscles displayed a similar behavior after low-load elbow flexion training with vascular occlusion performed in the extended versus flexed shoulder position.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Therapists, clinicians, and coaches may choose elbow flexion exercises expecting to achieve similar results for hypertrophy in this muscle group, such that exercise selection may rely on availability of equipment in the training room or personal preference.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1036-1043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Therapy for Knee Pain Relief Induces Changes in Gut Microbiome Composition: A Secondary Analysis of Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Afroditi Kouraki, Amrita Vijay, Sameer Gohir, Bonnie Millar, Anthony Kelly, Ana M Valdes","doi":"10.1177/19417381241283812","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241283812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aerobic exercise alters gut microbiome composition, yet the impact of gentle physiotherapy on gut microbiome and its relation to muscle strengthening and physical function remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Physiotherapy exercises modulate gut microbiome composition and changes in gut microbes are linked to improvements in muscle strength or function.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Secondary data analysis of samples from a randomized controlled trial.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2b.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a 6-week randomized controlled trial of physiotherapy for knee pain were analyzed. Gut microbiota profiling utilized 16S sequencing. We compared intervention and control (usual care) groups using microbial diversity metrics. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that changed after the program were identified with ALDEX2, and correlations between these ASVs and measures of physical function, muscle strength, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No diversity changes were observed between standard care (n = 43) and physiotherapy (n = 34). Physiotherapy led to significant increases in <i>Alistipes</i>, <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Clostridium sensu stricto 1</i>, and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> ASVs. Of these, <i>Clostridium sensu stricto 1</i> and <i>Faecalibacterium</i> were associated with postintervention muscle strength. Increase in <i>Faecalibacterium</i> was correlated with a decrease in IL-6 in the physiotherapy group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Physiotherapy had modest effects on gut microbiome composition affecting 4 taxa. Increases in muscle strength were correlated with increases in 2 taxa including <i>Faecalibacterium. Faecalibacterium</i> was also linked to reduced inflammation. Improved walking speed was linked to an increase in <i>Alistipes</i> with no differences found for strength or squatting ability.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Improved gut microbiome composition is linked to better overall health outcomes, including enhanced immune function, reduced inflammation, and improved metabolic health. This is particularly relevant for patients with osteoarthritis, who are known to have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities. Integrating physiotherapy protocols that positively influence the gut microbiome can thus enhance overall patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1053-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11556638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142382428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head, Hands, Knees and Ankles, Knees and Ankles: Injury Profiles of Women and Girls Playing Community Australian Football.","authors":"Sallie M Cowan, Brooke E Patterson, Matthew G King, Mick A Girdwood, Andrea B Mosler, Alex Donaldson, Adam G Culvenor, Andrea M Bruder, Melissa J Haberfield, Michael Makdissi, Christian J Barton, Eliza Roughead, Sarah Lampard, Karina Chilman, Christian Bonello, Elizabeth Birch, Joshua Frost, Deirdre E McGhee, Kay M Crossley","doi":"10.1177/19417381241303512","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381241303512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Women's participation in all football codes (including Australian Football [AF]) is increasing rapidly. To guide injury prevention strategies, the authors aimed to describe the current and lifetime prevalence of significant musculoskeletal injuries and concussions for women and girls playing community AF.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Women will have high rates of injury associated with playing AF.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional survey.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were Victorian community AF players from 165 participating teams (<16 years, <18 years, senior women's). Demographics, injury prevalence, and health outcomes are reported descriptively. To explore relationships between sociodemographic factors and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury history, the authors fitted univariate logistic regression models. Independent variables were age, body mass index, number of career AF games, sport experience, location (metropolitan/regional), and socio-economic index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2435 players (95% of players enrolled in the trial), aged 24 ± 7 years completed the survey. One-quarter (n = 619, 25%) reported a current injury, and half (n = 1238, 51%) reported a previous significant injury. The most common injury sites were knee (n = 160 26% current, n = 403 33% previous), ankle (n = 130 21% current, n = 427 35% previous), and hand/fingers (n = 100 16% current, n = 317 26% previous). Self-reported previous ACL injury (n = 139, 6%) and concussion (n = 1335, 55%) were also prevalent. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI, 1.05-1.09) and more career games (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.24-3.97) were associated with ACL injury history.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women and girls playing community AF reported high rates of significant injury. Injury prevention programs should target the most prevalent injury sites: head (concussion), ankle, knee, and hand/fingers.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings highlight high injury rates for women playing AF and will be invaluable in shaping injury prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1101-1110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11795580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}