Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach最新文献

{"title":"Is the 10% Asymmetry Threshold Important in Team Handball? Interlimb Asymmetry and Threshold-Based Performance Analysis in Lower-Limb Functional Tests.","authors":"Soner Akgün","doi":"10.1177/19417381261457117","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261457117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asymmetry in unilateral functional performance may affect both performance outcomes and injury risk in elite athletes. Understanding the relationship between asymmetry ratios and performance parameters in handball players can inform training and monitoring strategies. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between asymmetry ratios obtained from unilateral functional performance tests in elite male handball players and to determine the effect of a 10% asymmetry threshold on performance outcomes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Asymmetry ratios above 10% in lower extremity functional tests negatively influence performance outcomes in elite male handball players.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study with randomized measurements.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 41 elite male handball players (age, 20.98 ± 2.15 years; height, 185.90 ± 7.58 cm; weight, 92.61 ± 14.72 kg; body mass index, 26.76 ± 3.52 kg/m²; training experience, 11.27 ± 3.45 years) participated voluntarily. Lower extremity strength was evaluated using vertical jump (VJ), counter movement jump (CMJ), and 5 single-leg hop tests (SLHTs): single hop for distance (SH), triple hop (TH), crossover hop (CH), medial side triple hop (MSTH), and 90° medial rotation hop (MRH). Dynamic balance was assessed via the Y balance test (YBT). Participants were classified according to a 10% asymmetry threshold for comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Moderate positive correlations were observed between asymmetry ratios in certain multidirectional jump tests and dynamic balance parameters (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Significant differences between the left and right sides were observed in the VJ, CMJ, SH, TH, MRH, and anterior (ANT) scores (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Participants within the <10% asymmetry threshold outperformed the >10% group across all tests. Notably, effect sizes were large (d = 0.85-2.62) for VJ, CMJ, SH, MRH, ANT, and posteromedial scores (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A 10% strength asymmetry ratio represents a critical reference point in elite male handball players. Systematic monitoring of asymmetry ratios is important not only for injury prevention but also for optimizing performance outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Identifying and correcting strength asymmetry, and maintaining them below the 10% threshold, can improve performance and reduce the risk of injury in elite handball athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1262-1270"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13294111/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Psychological and Social Factors on Recovery After ACL Reconstruction.","authors":"Mahant Malempati, Raheyma N Siddiqui, Jordan E Lo, Benjamin M Varieur, Mia V Rumps, Mary K Mulcahey","doi":"10.1177/19417381261430758","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261430758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of demographic, psychological, and social factors on self-reported recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR).</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Psychological and social factors would be associated with lower patient-reported outcome scores (PROMS) after ACLR.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Case series.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent ACLR at a single institution. Recovery was measured by using the PROMIS 10 SF Global Health Physical score, Lysholm Knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, and Knee Outcome Survey (KOS) scores. Multivariable linear regression models were developed to predict 6-month PROMIS 10 SF Global Health Physical, Lysholm Knee, IKDC, and KOS scores. Sociodemographic, surgical, and preoperative PROMS with variance inflation factors >5 were removed to minimize collinearity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 67 patients who underwent ACLR between December 2013 to August 2023 were included in this study, with a mean age of 31.1 ± 10.3 years. Smoking history was consistently associated with lower 6-month IKDC (β = -33.5 [-54.0, -13.0], <i>P</i> = 0.002), KOS (β = -35.6 [-42.3, -18.4], <i>P</i> < 0.001), and Lysholm (β = -27.6 [-45.1, -10.0], <i>P</i> = 0.004) scores. White race was associated with lower Lysholm scores (β = -8.0 [-13.1, -3.0], <i>P</i> = 0.003). Higher preoperative PROMIS mental health scores were associated with higher KOS (β = 0.4 [0.1, 0.6], <i>P</i> = 0.01). Patients with Medicaid reported higher KOS scores (β = 7.2 [2.4, 12.0], <i>P</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several psychosocial and demographic factors may influence recovery after ACL reconstruction. In our study, smoking predicted worse outcomes, while having Medicaid insurance was unexpectedly linked to better self-reported recovery. White race predicted worse outcomes. Mental health findings were contradictory, with high preoperative PROMIS mental health scores, representing current mental health, and a history of depression potentially associated with improved outcomes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Identifying psychological and social factors preoperatively can help clinicians better understand which patients may be at risk for lower self-reported outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1290-1295"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13033041/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147534425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Sport Specialization and Short-Term Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth Athletes After Injury.","authors":"Daniel Stover, Rajiv Verma, Emily DeMaio, Alexandria Render, Neeta Shenvi, Kirk A Easley, Andrea Stracciolini, Neeru Jayanthi, Cynthia LaBella","doi":"10.1177/19417381251410544","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381251410544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Researchers have examined associations between sport specialization and injury. However, no studies have investigated associations between sport specialization and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after injury.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Among injured youth athletes, level of sport specialization is not associated with differences in HRQoL approximately 1 month after sport-related injury.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed at 3 primary care sports medicine clinics. Eligible 8- to 18-year-old athletes who presented for musculoskeletal injury or concussion were enrolled. At the initial clinic visit, patients completed the Player Development Survey (PDS) to determine sport specialization level. Approximately 1 month after enrollment, patients completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) to determine HRQoL measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 720 athletes invited to participate, 336 (age, 14.2 ± 2.4 years) completed the PDS and PROMIS surveys; 22% were highly specialized, 39% were moderately specialized, and 39% were low specialized athletes. Overall, there were no differences in HRQoL scores across the 3 levels of sport specialization. In subgroup analysis based on sex, female HRQoL scores were worse than male HRQoL scores irrespective of sport specialization level in 3 categories: pain interference (mean difference between female and male scores [± SEM] = 2.3 ± 1.1; <i>P</i> = 0.04), depression/sadness (2.9 ± 1.1; <i>P</i> = 0.01), and anxiety/fear (2.8 ± 1.2; <i>P</i> = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher level of sport specialization is not associated with worse HRQoL approximately 1 month after sport-related injury. Female athletes have worse short-term HRQoL after an injury irrespective of sport specialization level. While sex differences were statistically significant, the magnitude of differences was small.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Sport specialization is not associated with differences in HRQoL after injury. Injured female athletes may need closer monitoring due to possibly worse short-term HRQoL, but further investigation is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1338-1345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12867734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146108281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Value-Based Performance in Physical Fitness and Exercise Training: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework.","authors":"Hussein H Khachfe, Aly Diab, Bassel H Abdel Sater, Ali H Abdel Sater","doi":"10.1177/19417381261460192","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261460192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Historically, physical fitness and exercise training interventions have often been described in relation to training volume metrics (e.g., total sets, repetitions, and session duration). Training frequency and overall training load, which integrates volume, frequency, and intensity, are related but conceptually distinct constructs that are commonly reported alongside volume measures. Although easily quantifiable, these metrics do not reflect outcome performance, such as function, health, wellbeing, quality of life, or the burden of obtaining these outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that these benefits may be achieved with much smaller doses of training, although a unified framework for performance efficiency is lacking.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To systematically review existing literature on exercise dosing, volume, and time efficiency in relation to function, performance, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and propose a conceptual framework for the new term \"value-based performance\" (VBP).</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>The literature databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, and Scopus were searched using Boolean operators and combined free-text keywords for the relevant studies reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Studies were selected if they explicitly evaluated the relationship among exercise dose, volume, time and performance, function, and PROs. After stepwise screening and full-text review, 9 studies that met eligibility criteria were qualitatively synthesized, and data on the outcomes gained and the costs of training were extracted and used to build the conceptual framework.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Systematic review with qualitative thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Data extraction: </strong>Data extraction focused on parameters related to exercise dose, volume, time, performance, function, and use of PROs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across resistance, aerobic and high-intensity interval training, time-efficient reduced-dose showed small-to-moderate benefits to performance, functional capacity, and PROs. There was strong evidence for maintenance of benefits, favorable outcome-to-burden ratios, minimum effective dose thresholds and clinically meaningful changes, and less time to benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review challenges the conventional, volume-focused definition of performance and that efficiency should also be considered when evaluating exercise. We propose a new approach to defining performance, termed VBP, which describes performance as the ratio of gain in your outcome(s) relative to the cost of obtaining those gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1182-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13385157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148521346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Self-Selected Rest Interval Method Is Reliable to Elicit Postactivation Performance Enhancement in Strength-Trained Athletes.","authors":"Gabriel Fontanetti, Pedro Henrique Alves Campos, Maria Luiza Bortolotto Gonçalves, Thiago Funari Poliselli, Amilton Vieira, Francisco Cuenca-Fernández, Leonardo Lima","doi":"10.1177/19417381261470297","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261470297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) refers to acute, transient improvements in explosive motor performance after high-intensity conditioning activity (CA), when an appropriate recovery period is allowed. Although the self-selected recovery interval (SSI) can elicit PAPE effectively, its reliability has not yet been established, which is essential to determine whether this strategy can be applied consistently across training sessions and whether observed performance enhancements reflect true physiological responses rather than random variation. This study assessed the reliability of the SSI used by strength-trained athletes across 2 identical sessions conducted on different days to elicit PAPE.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Both magnitude of changes in performance (PAPE) and the SSI would be reproducible.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Nonrandomized, single-group, crossover design with repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirteen strength-trained athletes completed 3 sessions after familiarization with countermovement jump (CMJ) testing and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) squat determination. Two experimental sessions involved a CA comprising squats at 87% 1RM, followed by CMJ testing after a self-selected recovery. In the control session, CMJ was assessed after a light warm-up and a recovery equivalent to average SSI. Baseline CMJ tests were conducted in all sessions. SSI durations were compared using paired <i>t</i> tests. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance evaluated CMJ performance. Reliability of SSI and CA-induced CMJ changes was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficient of variation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were found in SSI durations between experimental sessions 1 (EXP1) and 2 (EXP2). CMJ performance did not change significantly after the light warm-up in CON, but increased by 9.7% in EXP1 (35.61 ± 10.78 cm vs 39.06 ± 11.47 cm; effect size [ES] = 0.31; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and by 10.6% in EXP2 (35.67 ± 10.8 cm vs 39.44 ± 11.51 cm; ES = 0.34; <i>P</i> < 0.001). ΔCMJ showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.997), while SSI duration showed good reliability (ICC = 0.868).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings confirm that SSI is a reliable strategy for eliciting PAPE.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The reproducibility of SSIs supports their practical implementation in strength and power training to achieve consistent performance enhancements across sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1271-1279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13427946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148632600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Youth Basketball to the NBA: A Matched-Pairs Follow-Up Analysis of Top-Ranked Youth Basketball Players in the USA.","authors":"Arne Güllich, Peter Meisel, Jean Côté, Robert M Malina, Joel S Brenner, Brian Hainline, Edward Ryan, John DiFiori","doi":"10.1177/19417381261423901","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261423901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Associations of youth sport participation patterns, health, and social-environmental factors with subsequent participation in the National Basketball Association (NBA) have not been investigated systematically. Prior studies suggest that high-performing athletes who achieve the world-class level of adult sport engaged in less organized training in their primary sport, participated in more multisport practice and competition, and incurred fewer injuries as youths compared with lower-performing adult national-class athletes.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Players who sign an NBA player contract engaged in less organized basketball, demonstrated more multisport practice, and incurred fewer injuries as youth athletes compared with non-NBA peers.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Top-ranked male high school basketball players (n = 627, 16.6 ± 1.3 years old) attending invitational events in the United States in 2018 and 2019 completed a questionnaire regarding participation in coach-led and nonorganized basketball and other sports, injuries, academic progress, residence relocation, and scholarship or funding. Of this sample, 40 (6%) signed an NBA player contract by age 22 years. These 40 players were matched by age, birth month, playing position, and national youth player ranking with 40 peers who did not reach the NBA. Matched-pairs analyses included <i>χ</i>², unpaired <i>t</i> tests, <i>U</i> tests, and binary-logistic regression (BLR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Youth athletes who later became NBA players reported more organized participation in sports other than basketball until age 14 years (90.0% vs 52.5%), began playing on select teams and focusing exclusively on basketball at older ages (10.7 ± 2.4 vs 9.1 ± 2.5 and 12.9 ± 2.2 vs 9.6 ± 2.5 years), and spent less time in organized and nonorganized basketball than matched non-NBA peers. NBA players also reported fewer severe injuries at ≥14 years (25.0% vs 47.5%) and were less likely to stay back in school, relocate residence, and receive scholarships/funding, respectively. BLR correctly classified 85.0% of NBA and non-NBA players.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participation in approximately 2 other sports, later specialization, less coach-led and nonorganized basketball, fewer injuries, and less disruption to academic and home life were characteristic of top-ranked youth players who later played in the NBA.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This is the first study to investigate youth basketball participation patterns associated with reaching the NBA among top-ranked U.S. high school basketball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1353-1361"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13002481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147482554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Basis and Practical Applications of Training, Nutrition and Recovery for Maximum Gains in Lean Muscle Mass: A Narrative Review for Optimizing Muscular Hypertrophy.","authors":"Álvaro A Vergara Nieto, Andrés Halabi Diaz, Millaray Hernández Millán, Daniel Sagredo Oyarzo","doi":"10.1177/19417381261438760","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261438760","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Skeletal muscle hypertrophy is a key determinant of strength, athletic performance, and functional capacity across the lifespan, and is clinically relevant to sarcopenia and chronic disease. This review integrates molecular mechanisms (e.g., mechanotransduction and mTORC1 signaling) with practical training, nutrition, and recovery variables to support evidence-informed hypertrophy programming.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>Literature was searched in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (January 2010 to March 2024) using Boolean combinations of terms related to hypertrophy, resistance training variables and techniques, protein/macronutrients, sleep, and recovery. Included evidence prioritized randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews/meta-analyses, and mechanistic studies relevant to training, nutrition, and recovery; case reports/editorials and endurance-only or unrelated populations/outcomes were excluded.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Clinical narrative review.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hypertrophy is maximized when resistance training provides sufficient mechanical tension and effective fiber recruitment, with weekly volume as a central driver. Practical synthesis supports ~10 to 20 sets per muscle group per week, near-failure efforts (repetitions in reserve ~0-2), and distributing volume across multiple weekly sessions to maintain training quality and recovery. Nutritional support centers on adequate protein intake (≈1.6 g/kg/day; often 1.6-2.2 g/kg/day in trained athletes), with meal distribution (≈3-4 meals/day, ~0.4-0.5 g/kg/meal) as a practical strategy to sustain anabolic signaling. Energy availability and carbohydrate intake support training performance and glycogen-dependent workload (≈3-6 g/kg/day), and a moderate caloric surplus (~200-500 kcal/day) may aid lean mass gain while limiting excess adiposity. Recovery, particularly sleep, modulates hormonal homeostasis and protein metabolism; adequate sleep duration (7-9 h/night) is emphasized as foundational for adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An integrative approach to training, nutrition and rest offers the most actionable framework to maximize hypertrophy and strength while managing fatigue and individual recovery capacity.Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT):• Training and Nutritional (SOR A/B): most recommendations are based on Level 1 evidence.• Recovery and rest aspects (SOR B/C): Mechanistic evidence is high. More Level 1 evidence needed with hypertrophy-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1218-1234"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13156182/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147845742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport Specialization's Impact on Youth Athletes' Intention of Quitting Sports and Reasons Why Athletes Quit Sports Stratified by Sex and Race or Ethnicity.","authors":"Kevin M Biese, Abigail Godejohn, Christopher Stratton, Lace Luedke","doi":"10.1177/19417381261477258","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261477258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined (1) the association of sport specialization with the intention of youth athletes quitting sports, and (2) the association of sex with reasons for quitting, while exploring reasons for quitting sports by varying racial and ethnic groups.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Sport specialization will increase the intention of wanting to quit sports and female athletes will report more social reasons for quitting sport compared with male athletes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 3.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online anonymous surveys were distributed via social media. The survey included the Wisconsin Sport Specialization Questionnaire (WISSQ), questions about the intention to quit any or all sports, reasons for quitting, and demographic information. The WISSQ contained 3 scored domains (physical/social/motivational) that were aggregated to an overall score (0-100). Participants rated their intention of quitting sports in the next year on a 5-point Likert scale (\"extremely unlikely\" to \"extremely likely\"). Ordinal regressions were used to assess the association of the intention of quitting sport with WISSQ domain and overall scores. Chi-square analyses assessed the association of reasons for quitting with sex (male/female).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 266 participants (male, 119 [58%]; White, 139 [68%]; age, 15.3 ± 1.5 years; WISSQ overall score, 48.7 ± 16.1; physical domain, 57.2 ± 27.8; motivational domain, 54.5 ± 23.8; social domain, 48.7 ± 16.1). Most participants answered that they were \"extremely\" or \"somewhat unlikely\" to quit any or all sports next year (160 of 266; 60%). The WISSQ motivational domain score showed a significant association with the intention of quitting sport (odds ratio = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96-0.99). Female athletes selected coaching (male, 11 of 119 (9%); female, 18 of 86 (21%); <i>P</i> = 0.02) and competition (male, 3 of 119 (3%); female, 9 of 86 (11%); <i>P</i> = 0.02) more frequently as reasons for quitting compared with male athletes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The motivation to specialize in sport may improve sport retention for the following year.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The motivation to specialize must be balanced with potential negative effects of sport specialization. Further understanding of how coaches and competition negatively impact female youth athletes' experiences is paramount.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1372-1382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13525113/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Indirect Contact ACL Injury Cascade: Why Current Prevention Falls Short.","authors":"Tom Myslinski, John Kiely, Tim Gabbett, Gwansik Park","doi":"10.1177/19417381261457125","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261457125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1179-1181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13294112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148320401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Rehydration Improved Exercise Performance and Decreased Core Temperature and Heartrate Compared With Intravenous Rehydration in Recreationally Active Men.","authors":"Yasuki Sekiguchi, Alan T Ky, Courteney L Benjamin, Jan Joseph S Rolloque, John A Griswold, Stavros A Kavouras, J D Adams","doi":"10.1177/19417381261434047","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19417381261434047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of oral versus intravenous (IV) rehydration during exercise in the heat on exercise performance and physiological responses.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>Oral rehydration will lead to better performance and physiological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-over study.</p><p><strong>Level of evidence: </strong>Level 2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of recreational active men (age, 29 ± 12 years; peak oxygen consumption [VO_2peak], 49.8 ± 6.6 ml kg^-1 min^-1) performed 90 minutes of cycling exercise at 55% watts at VO_2peak (WVO_2peak) followed by a 12-km time trial in the heat (34.9 ± 0.6°C; 30.3 ± 0.9%; wind speed, 3.4 m sec^-1). Two experimental trials were performed in random order: (1) drank 25 ml of water every 5 minutes (ORAL) and (2) 25 ml of isotonic saline infused intravenously every 5 minutes (IV). Rectal temperature (T_rec) and thirst sensation were measured every 5 minutes. Urine specific gravity (USG) and body mass loss were measured before and after trials. Changes (Δ) were calculated based on the resting value for each trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants started both trials euhydrated (USG < 1.020), and no differences were found in hydration status between ORAL and IV after trials (USG:ORAL, 1.012 ± 0.006; <i>P</i> = 0.14; IV, 1.013 ± 0.007; body mass loss: ORAL, 2.4 ± 0.8%; IV, 2.3 ± 0.5%, <i>P</i> = 0.68). Thirst levels were higher in IV than ORAL from 20 to 50 minutes (<i>P</i> = 0.03 to 0.05) and after 65 minutes throughout 90 minutes of cycling exercise and the 12-km time trial (<i>P</i> < 0.001 to 0.04<i>)</i>. ΔT_rec was also significantly higher in IV after 20 minutes throughout 90 minutes of cycling exercise and a 12-km time trial (<i>P</i> = 0.003 to 0.04). The time trial was significantly faster in ORAL (17.7 ± 4.6 minutes) compared with IV (19.6 ± 6.2 minutes, <i>P</i> = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral rehydration enhances exercise performance and decreases T_rec and heartrate compared with IV rehydration.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Oral rehydration might have more benefits than IV in exercise performance and physiological response.</p>","PeriodicalId":54276,"journal":{"name":"Sports Health-A Multidisciplinary Approach","volume":" ","pages":"1211-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147647551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}