Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"Polymerization strategies for poly(triarylamine)s via Buchwald–Hartwig amination","authors":"Shweta Narvekar,&nbsp;In-Hwan Lee","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70191","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Poly(triarylamine)s (PTAAs) are widely employed as hole-transporting materials in organic electronic and optoelectronic devices, including organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting diodes, and perovskite solar cells. However, their synthesis has historically been limited by the modest yields and narrow substrate scope associated with copper-mediated Ullmann condensation. Although palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling offers a versatile alternative to overcome these limitations, the multistep preparation of monomers remains a significant drawback. In contrast, Buchwald–Hartwig amination has emerged as a powerful synthetic platform for the construction of PTAAs from readily accessible building blocks. In this review, we systematically examine various Buchwald–Hartwig amination-based synthetic approaches for producing structurally diverse PTAA materials and discuss how each strategy governs the structural precision and molecular architecture of the resulting materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 8","pages":"941-950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etching-free synthesis of yolk–shell silicon microparticle@carbon composites for lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Min Seok Kang,&nbsp;Won Cheol Yoo","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70193","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Yolk–shell architectures mitigate silicon's severe volume expansion, yet complex, multi-step etching remains a manufacturing hurdle. We report etching-free synthesis for yolk–shell silicon microparticle@carbon (Si@V@G) composites using thermally decomposable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a sacrificial spacer. The approach synergizes chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-induced graphitization with structural void engineering. CVD graphitization enhances electrical conductivity and effectively “seals” carbon micropores, reducing the specific surface area from 335.7–4 m² g⁻¹. This reduction suppresses parasitic electrolyte reactions, significantly boosting initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). A voltage cut-off optimization strategy matches lithiation depth with the available internal void volume. At a 0.05 V cut-off, the optimized Si@V45@G electrode achieved an ICE of 84.7%, a discharge capacity exceeding 1290 mAh g⁻¹, and 98.2% capacity retention after 50 cycles at 0.5C. This work establishes an etching-free design principle that decouples void formation from corrosive post-treatment and highlights the importance of jointly optimizing structural buffering and electrochemical lithiation depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 8","pages":"923-931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The roles of side chains in Y6-series non-fullerene acceptors for high-performance organic solar cells","authors":"Peddaboodi Gopikrishna,&nbsp;Bomi Kim,&nbsp;Jongnam Park,&nbsp;BongSoo Kim","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) surpassing 20%, primarily driven by Y6-series non-fullerene acceptors (Y6-NFAs). These NFAs are modified through three main structural approaches: core, end group, and side chain modifications. Among these, side chain modification emerges as a particularly effective strategy for enhancing PCEs by controlling solubility and molecular packing. Additionally, appropriate side chain selection fine-tunes the energy levels and light absorption properties of Y6-NFAs, enabling OSC efficiencies to increase from 15.7% to over 20%. Despite these advancements, substantial potential remains for further performance enhancement through continued side chain modifications. Previous studies provide a key understanding for designing new Y6-NFAs. This review explores the progress in Y6-NFA-based OSCs driven by side chain modifications, emphasizing their impact on solubility, molecular packing, crystallinity, and device performance. Finally, future directions for advancing the OSC field are proposed, offering guidance for the development of innovative Y6-NFAs for next-generation OSC applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 8","pages":"900-922"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bkcs.70192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of polyethylenimine-modified hydroxyapatite by a solvent-free method","authors":"Keunyoung Lee,&nbsp;Kyungmun Jung,&nbsp;Ki-Young Kwon","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70197","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyethylenimine-incorporated hydroxyapatite (PEI-HAP) is prepared by a simple solvent-free method and investigated its crystallographic, structural, morphological, and surface properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ninhydrin analysis confirmed the successful introduction of PEI onto the HAP surface, with the nitrogen content reaching 7.87 at.%, markedly higher than that obtained by the previous aqueous method (2.81 at.%). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation additionally verified the formation of a polymer-like surface layer. Zeta potential and dispersion tests showed that PEI-HAPs exhibited enhanced colloidal stability despite the increase in particle size. These findings demonstrate a simple and effective strategy for preparing amine-functionalized HAP with improved aqueous dispersibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 8","pages":"983-987"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape-directed formation of T8/T6 Zn–siloxane clusters and their deep-UV shielding properties","authors":"Dopil Kim,&nbsp;Min Jeong Park,&nbsp;Purna Chandra Rao,&nbsp;Younghu Son,&nbsp;Sung Hwa Jhung,&nbsp;Minyoung Yoon","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Six new Zn–siloxane-based 0D clusters were synthesized using silanes bearing methyl, phenyl, cyclohexyl, and bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl substituents in combination with acetate or propionate ligands. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a substituent-dependent structural transition: Me- and Ph-substituted systems formed conventional T₈ siloxane frameworks, whereas Hex- and Hep-substituted systems selectively generated rare, metal-containing T₆ architectures, regardless of the carboxylate ligand employed. Structural analyses suggest that conformationally induced steric effects associated with the non-planar cyclic substituents play a crucial role in directing framework selectivity. The synthesized clusters exhibited characteristic deep-ultraviolet (DUV) absorption behavior and were readily processed into transparent PMMA composite films through solution-based fabrication. These findings reveal a substituent-shape-dependent pathway for accessing rare T₆ Zn–siloxane architectures and establish substituent engineering as an effective strategy for directing siloxane framework assembly.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 8","pages":"932-940"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bkcs.70199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of modified nucleotides and their application in studying mRNA translation inhibition efficiency","authors":"Jiwon Kim,&nbsp;Simander Singh Thokchom,&nbsp;Salahi Saleh,&nbsp;Dhurbachandra Singh Chabungbam,&nbsp;Young Jun Seo","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70184","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Eukaryotic translation initiation is critically governed by recognition of the mRNA 5′ cap by eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a central component of the eIF4F complex. Because dysregulated cap-dependent translation and elevated eIF4E activity are implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer, competitive modulation of eIF4E–cap interactions represents an attractive strategy for both mechanistic studies and therapeutic exploration. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of N²-and N⁷-modified guanosine derivatives intended to competitively engage the eIF4E cap-binding site and systematically evaluated their binding and translation inhibition activities in a cell-free translation system. We first generated a set of guanosine monophosphate (GMP) mononucleotide analogues using a simple and scalable synthetic route and quantified their inhibitory potency relative to the reference compound m⁷GTP. Several mononucleotide derivatives exhibited enhanced translation inhibition compared with m⁷GTP, demonstrating that appropriate substituent installation can substantially improve competitive activity even within a mononucleotide scaffold. To further validate a cap-analogue design strategy, we synthesized corresponding dinucleotide analogues based on selected mononucleotide leads. The dinucleotide scaffold, which more closely resembles the native cap architecture, yielded additional gains in inhibitory activity for specific analogues, consistent with strengthened cap-like binding geometry and an expanded interaction network within the eIF4E binding pocket. Collectively, these results establish a versatile synthetic platform for constructing a diverse cap-analogue library ranging from mononucleotides to dinucleotides, and highlight N²/N⁷-substitution patterns that enhance translation inhibition. The compounds described herein may serve as biochemical tools to dissect eIF4E-mediated initiation and provide a basis for developing mechanism-driven modulators of dysregulated translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 7","pages":"870-880"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZrCl4 co-doping effects in Li6PS5Cl argyrodite solid electrolytes for enhanced ionic conductivity and stability","authors":"Eunbyeol Ko,&nbsp;Jeyeon An,&nbsp;Kwang-Sun Ryu","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70185","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The argyrodite-type Li₆PS₅Cl solid electrolyte was modified by ZrCl₄ co-doping to yield the series Li_{₆−₃<i>x</i>}P_{₁−<i>x</i>}Zr_<i>x</i>S_{₅−₄<i>x</i>}Cl_1+4<i>x</i> (0.00 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.06). The dual role of Zr⁴⁺ as a P-site substituent and of Cl⁻ as an additional halide source was exploited to simultaneously introduce Li-vacancy carriers and amplify Cl⁻/S²⁻ site disorder. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed retention of the cubic argyrodite <span></span><math>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>F</mi>\u0000 <mover>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 <mo>¯</mo>\u0000 </mover>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 <mi>m</mi>\u0000 </mrow></math> structure up to <i>x</i> = 0.04, beyond which secondary phases appear. The optimally doped composition (<i>x</i> = 0.04) achieved an ionic conductivity of 7.43 mS cm⁻¹ at room temperature with an activation energy of 0.296 eV, compared with 0.298 eV for the undoped electrolyte. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed uniform Zr distribution within particles sized 2–5 μm, with no evidence of elemental segregation. Galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling of LiNbO₃-coated NCM811|electrolyte coin cells demonstrated an initial discharge capacity of 183.8 mAh g⁻¹ and a capacity retention of 97.3% after 50 cycles for <i>x</i> = 0.04, substantially exceeding the undoped counterpart (109.3 mAh g⁻¹ after 50 cycles, 71.6% retention). Cyclic voltammetry revealed suppression of irreversible anodic peaks at high voltage upon doping. Moisture-exposure tests at 25°C and 10% relative humidity showed a marked reduction in H₂S evolution from 0.496 to 0.177 cm³ g⁻¹ for <i>x</i> = 0.04 versus <i>x</i> = 0, attributed to stronger Zr–S bonding and, presumably, the formation of a Cl-rich surface passivation layer. These results establish ZrCl₄ as a cost-effective, earth-abundant dopant precursor for enhancing multiple functional properties of argyrodite electrolytes concurrently.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 7","pages":"881-887"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148532525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of CRBN-based molecular glue degraders targeting WIZ transcription factor","authors":"Tae-Jun Kim,&nbsp;Seongu Seong,&nbsp;Jung-Ae Kim,&nbsp;Taeyeon Kwon,&nbsp;Hyun Jin Kim,&nbsp;Jeong-Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Jong Yeon Hwang,&nbsp;Jin Hwa Cho,&nbsp;Kyoungmin Choi","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Widely interspaced zinc finger motifs (WIZ) is a therapeutic target for the treatment of sickle cell disease through the induction of fetal hemoglobin. Here, we report the identification and optimization of novel cereblon (CRBN)-based molecular glue degraders targeting the WIZ transcription factor. Using CRISPR-engineered WIZ-HiBiT reporter cells, we performed high-throughput screening of a CRBN-focused chemical library and identified a hit compound, <b>6a</b>, which contains an <i>N</i>-isoxazol-3-yl amide group on a benzoisoindolinone scaffold. Subsequent structure–activity relationship studies focused on a five-membered heteroaryl substituent of amide led to the development of compound <b>9l</b> (DC₅₀ = 8.7 nM, D_max = 81.7%), which exhibited potent WIZ degradation. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that <b>9l</b> induces rapid and sustained WIZ depletion through CRBN-dependent proteasomal degradation, by facilitating the formation of a ternary complex between WIZ and CRBN. Importantly, <b>9l</b>-mediated WIZ depletion in HUDEP-2 cells resulted in γ-globin induction, confirming the functional outcome of targeted WIZ degradation. Collectively, these results define a structurally distinct chemotype of CRBN-based WIZ degraders, providing a novel scaffold for the pharmacological induction of γ-globin expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 7","pages":"855-869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bkcs.70182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148532783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural basis for drug discovery targeting the ATP-activated cation channel P2X3","authors":"Jun Gyou Park,&nbsp;Mi Sun Jin","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activates P2X3, a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel highly enriched in peripheral sensory neurons, where it drives the neuronal hypersensitivity that underlies chronic cough and related airway symptoms. Recent structural advances have resolved the conformational landscape of P2X3 (apo, open, and desensitized) and revealed how distinct ligand classes suppress receptor function through different binding modes. This review highlights the structural and pharmacological insights that are integrated to contrast ATP-competitive orthosteric antagonists (e.g., 2'-(or-3')-O-(Trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP-ATP) and A-317491) with non-competitive allosteric inhibitors (e.g., gefapixant, camlipixant, and the triazolopyrimidine derivative). Major drug discovery hurdles are also discussed, with an emphasis on taste-related adverse events arising from the inhibition of the closely related P2X2/3 heterotrimer. Finally, potential strategies are revealed for achieving next-generation P2X3 therapeutics, including employing time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to capture short-lived open or activation intermediates, as well as the exploration of alternative biological modalities such as antibody–drug conjugates and peptide therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 7","pages":"801-813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148532956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric mediator-integrated bienzymatic electrochemical biosensor for ATP detection","authors":"Eunji Tak,&nbsp;Seonhwa Park,&nbsp;Haesik Yang","doi":"10.1002/bkcs.70180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency and a critical biomarker for assessing cellular viability and metabolic reprogramming in malignant tumors. While electrochemical biosensors offer a cost-effective alternative to traditional bioluminescence assays, they often suffer from low signal amplification. In this study, we developed a bienzymatic cascade electrochemical biosensor for ATP by integrating a polymeric mediator architecture. Amine-reactive phenazine ethosulfate was covalently conjugated to poly(ethyleneimine) and anchored onto an indium tin oxide electrode, followed by the co-immobilization of hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with a protective chitosan overlayer. This integrated configuration improved spatial proximity between the catalytic enzymes and the redox mediator, effectively overcoming the kinetic barriers of NADH oxidation and minimizing diffusion-related signal loss. Systematic optimization of the system (including enzyme ratios, Mg²⁺ cofactor concentration, and incubation conditions) achieved a high signal-to-background ratio. The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity in phosphate-buffered saline with a detection limit of 3 μM. Furthermore, the platform's analytical applicability in a complex biological matrix was demonstrated using MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lysates. Despite the complexity of the biological matrix, the sensor achieved a detection limit of 14 μM, which sufficiently covers the physiologically relevant range of ATP in diluted samples. The sensor also exhibited high selectivity toward ATP over structurally related nucleotides and nucleosides. These results indicate that the polymeric mediator-integrated bienzymatic architecture provides a stable and sensitive platform for monitoring cellular metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":54252,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society","volume":"47 7","pages":"777-786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148534086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}