Climate Risk Management最新文献

{"title":"Adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) in Ethiopia","authors":"Assefa Abegaz , Wuletawu Abera , Stephanie Jaquet , Lulseged Tamene","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To ensure climate-resilient food and other production systems, countries must adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate-change. Adopting climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) will significantly contribute to such adaptation and mitigation. In global, regional, and African contexts, Ethiopia represents a useful case study from which much can be learned. Therefore, the fourfold objectives of this Ethiopia-focused review were to i) synthesize adoption studies of more than seven CSAPs; ii) examine their adoption status, including gender considerations, socioeconomic benefits, and constraints to CSAP adoption; iii) identify gaps in the current CSAPs adoption literature, and iv) highlight future CSAP research and policy directions. Following a systematic literature review procedure, 100 articles published between 2001 and 2021 on adoption of CSAPs in Ethiopia were reviewed. Although all the publications were about the highlands of Ethiopia, over 80% came from the regions of Amhara, Oromiya, and South Nations and Nationalities. The most-adopted practice was soil and water conservation (SWC), with a mean adoption rate of 61.5%, followed by integrated soil fertility management, and agroforestry with mean adoption rates of 56.5% and 48.8%, respectively. Gender analysis was integrated in the studies at varying levels, including in all improved livestock management initiatives; just over half the SWC initiatives; and over 75% of the remaining five practices. Quantified socioeconomic benefits were reported in only 46 papers. Greater farm income; increased land productivity; higher yields; increased food availability; and reduced household poverty were among the reported benefits of adopters compared to their counterparts. Among the aggregated constraints, socioeconomic factors and knowledge/awareness were ranked the two highest, followed by labor shortage and limited market access. The study highlighted research gaps, especially a lack of national-scale studies and studies focusing on drought-prone regions. Additionally, 37% and 46% of the studies respectively, didn’t consider i) gender, and ii) analysis of socioeconomic benefits of CSAP adoption. This Ethiopian review reveals a need to fill research gaps in methodologies and practices, and at all levels in all regions, particularly in drought-prone regions. It identifies those CSAPs which could contribute more to addressing climate change, and emphasizes the need for greater gender inclusion. Policy-related actions should i) boost CSAP-related <em>knowledge</em>; ii) support optimizing their <em>socioeconomic benefits</em>; iii) address <em>labor shortages</em>; iv) improve access to <em>irrigation</em>, <em>markets</em>; <em>credit</em>, and <em>farmers’ social organizations</em>; and v) strengthen <em>land tenure</em>. In future, deploying remote-sensing technology, artificial intelligence and modelling approaches, and implementing Agricultural Weather Index-Based Insurance may also suppo","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100628"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000457/pdfft?md5=a8c03a1d02e506054f202c427a541d49&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000457-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of outdoor heat adaptation on indoor thermal conditions – Combining microscale urban climate and building performance simulation","authors":"Christoph Schünemann ,&nbsp;Tim Felix Kriesten ,&nbsp;Uta Moderow ,&nbsp;Astrid Ziemann","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To what extent can outdoor heat adaptation measures in urban districts help to reduce high indoor temperatures in buildings and thus enhance indoor thermal conditions? To answer this question microscale meteorological simulation (MMS) and building performance simulation (BPS) are combined in a model chain approach. Two existing residential German districts with different urban designs are modelled in the MMS tool ENVI-met. For both districts, a representative residential building (one from the Wilhelminian period and one large panel construction type) is modelled using the BPS tool IDA-ICE. Different scenarios of heat adaptation measures are applied to analyse how changes in urban and building design (e.g. white (cool) roofs (high albedo), white traffic areas (high albedo), intensive green roofs, urban trees, facade insulation or facade greening) affect outdoor and indoor temperatures. The MMS results highlight that the district from the Wilhelminian period is less heat resilient and that the efficacy of heat adaptation measures on heat reduction in open space depends on the urban design and the daytime. Regarding the efficacy of heat adaptation measures on indoor thermal conditions, our findings indicate that the larger share of the indoor cooling effect is not caused by the outdoor air temperature reduction by the outdoor heat adaptation measures but by the change of the building physics in the BPS model (e.g. changing the surface reflectance of the white roofs). White roofs and intensive green roofs show the largest cooling effect by reducing the operative room temperature by more than 1 Kelvin. Our findings also demonstrate that facade insulation can act as both, climate adaptation and mitigation measures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000329/pdfft?md5=1cc41bd0813e2c7bbb3232470132b1d7&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000329-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140950056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Living in the ‘Blue Zone’ of a sea-level rise inundation map: Community perceptions of coastal flooding in King Salmon, California","authors":"Laurie Richmond ,&nbsp;Kristina Kunkel","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As sea-level rise (SLR) inundation maps proliferate, it is important to study their politics – both how they are created and how they act upon and shape various lives and places. This paper uses the example of King Salmon, CA – a rural, low-income residential area projected to be one of the most at risk to SLR on the US West Coast – to examine how a community responds to external projections showing SLR risk to their homes and businesses. Through interviews with 17 King Salmon community members and observation of a county-hosted ‘communities at risk’ workshop, we examined the community’s social context, their past experiences with flooding, and their reaction to SLR projection maps including what next steps they would like to see taken. Residents expressed a strong connection to the place, noting that it is one of the few affordable places to live on the coast in California. We found that residents already live with regular flooding during larger tides of the year and have taken steps to adapt. We observed a strong generational component in responses to projection maps with many older respondents believing or hoping that the worst effects from SLR would not come until after they passed away. Residents expressed a lack of faith in government to address flooding concerns both at present and into the future, noting that general maintenance issues have gone unaddressed for decades. Many residents interviewed and observed seemed open or at least resigned to the possibility of relocation at a future undetermined time. This work reveals the power dynamics inherent in climate projections like SLR maps, which, due to their technical nature and mobility, can leave communities out of conversations related to potential futures. Findings also have implications related to climate and SLR work – highlighting the importance of understanding community context; contributing to equity considerations about how wealth and other demographic factors shape how communities interact with SLR planning; and spotlighting the need for sustained learning, engagement, and co-production with communities in the ‘blue zones’ of SLR inundation maps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000135/pdfft?md5=e3a26e218d9dcb80fe448b431d32602f&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000135-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140150651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations of potato production to future climate change by optimizing planting date, irrigation and fertilizer in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone of China","authors":"Jianzhao Tang ,&nbsp;Huizi Bai ,&nbsp;Shenghai Zhang ,&nbsp;Dengpan Xiao ,&nbsp;Zheng Tianzhu ,&nbsp;De Li Liu ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Puyu Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Future climate change, especially rising temperature and varying precipitation will have significant impacts on potato production. Revealing the optimum planting date, irrigation schedule and fertilizer amount under future climate scenarios is critical for promoting sustainable potato production in the Agro-Pastoral Ecotone (APE). In this study, two representative stations of Wuchuan (WC) and Zhangbei (ZB) in APE were selected, firstly, we used well validated APSIM-Potato model to optimize the planting date of potato in future climate scenarios. Then the impacts of different combination of N fertilizer and irrigation on potato yield, N loss, water use efficiency (WUE), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and economic income were analyzed under optimal planting date. The future climate projection was provided by 13 Global Climate Models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) under two emission scenarios of future societal development pathway (SSP) 245 and SSP585. Compared with baseline period (1981–2010), the planting windows during 2040 s (2031–2060) and 2080 s (2071–2100) were wider, and the optimal planting dates (OPDs) for rainfed potato should be arranged later under SSP245, but it should be earlier under SSP585. However, the OPDs for irrigated potato should advance under SSP245 and SSP585. Then, we analyzed the coupling effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on potato production under OPDs in future climate scenarios. Irrigation was carried out based on the soil water deficit within 1 m depth (IR, ranged from 10 mm (IR₁₀) to 100 mm (IR₁) with the interval of 10 mm) and fertilizer was set with 8 treatments (N, ranged from 0 kg ha⁻¹ (N₀) to 210 kg ha⁻¹ (N₇) with the interval of 30 kg ha⁻¹). To achieve highest yield, maximum amount of N (N₇, 210 kg ha⁻¹) coupled with IR₁₀ (irrigation applied if soil water deficit beyond 10 mm) should be applied for both WC and ZB station. However, these combinations would accumulatively decrease groundwater table (GDT) by 70.8–76.5 m (39.1–44.8 m) and 78.7–80.2 m (38.6–47.4 m) during 2040 s and 2080 s, and induce annual N loss by 21.6–27.3 kg ha⁻¹ (24.7–25.3 kg ha⁻¹) and 17.7–21.9 kg ha⁻¹ (18.3–21.2 kg ha⁻¹) at WC (ZB), respectively. Net income of potato under different combinations of irrigation and N fertilizer ranged from −10700 to 25,500 Yuan ha⁻¹ and from −4100 to 26,600 Yuan ha⁻¹ at Wuchuan and Zhangbei. To maximize the income of farmers, N₄ (120 kg ha⁻¹) coupled with IR₉ (irrigation applied if soil water deficit beyond 20 mm) should be applied at the two study sites. Our results would be helpful in developing adaptable strategies for potato production to cope with future climate change in the APE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100604"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000214/pdfft?md5=0509035e03ddadf55736dfcf9106a480&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140188129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of climate risk adaptation on food security among farming households: The case of Nigeria","authors":"Mustapha Yakubu Madaki ,&nbsp;Miroslava Bavorova ,&nbsp;Edvin Zhllima ,&nbsp;Drini Imami","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate risk is a major threat to the sustainable food production of many farmers who depend on rainfed agricultural systems. In response to this threat, climate-smart agricultural innovations, such as drought-tolerant and early mature crop varieties, have been developed and promoted. It is well-known that adopting innovations and improved technologies positively impact adopters' well-being. Therefore, this study sought to determine the factors influencing the adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies and subsequently estimate how food security is affected by the adoption using questionnaire survey data from 1,080 farming households across six agro-ecological zones. The data were analysed using different matching techniques and Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR). The model results reveal that access to extension, crop-related and weather information, access to credit and climate change awareness of farmers increase the adoption likelihood of the climate risk adaptation strategies. Adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies positively impacts the food security of farming households as it increases their dietary diversity score and reduces the food security coping strategy index. Enhancing the accessibility of the drought-tolerant and early mature varieties, promoting crop-related and weather information through extension services, and empowering farmers through credit accessibility would strengthen the adoption of climate risk adaptation strategies to increase food security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100600"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000172/pdfft?md5=1c3ae1e837935212128f415336280fb2&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000172-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140200189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The politics of local climate risk management – A comparison of risk logic in the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden","authors":"Cathrine Witnes Karlson,&nbsp;Claudia Morsut,&nbsp;Ole Andreas Hegland Engen","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drawing on the securitisation and riskification of climate change literature, this paper investigates local governments’ climate risk management following a comparative analysis of three cases in the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. The comparative analysis reveals how unwanted consequences of climate change are translated into climate risks, identifying the actors involved in these translations. The analysis then determines the means through which the translations occur, following a risk logic that underpins a particular governmental response to climate change. The findings of this analysis have been contrasted in terms of effects and side effects of the risk logic, showing that the three local cases follow a similar pattern. This paper contributes to understanding the challenges of climate risk management in terms of fortifying existing risk practices, expert-led responses with limited citizen involvement, and long-term societal engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000433/pdfft?md5=6ee5853d0fe6d1bf64f1a977073e2b53&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000433-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141414003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the economic and climate adaptation benefits of land conservation strategies in urban coastal regions of the U.S. and China","authors":"Longfeng Wu ,&nbsp;Seung Kyum Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2024.100632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Land conservation has been recognized as a multifunctional adaptive strategy to tackle climate change as it includes the ability to mitigate risk and enhance biodiversity. However, limited empirical studies focus on the climatic adaptive functions of land conservation. Employing various geospatial and statistical techniques, including remote sensing, logistic regression, and landscape metrics, we investigate the effects of land conservation’s spatial characteristics. These characteristics affect the functional efficacy of climate adaptation in urban coastal regions, influencing regional economic vitality in the United States and China. Empirical results indicate that regional economic vitality is positively affected by parks and grassland, patch growth patterns, higher urban density, and closer proximities to coastlines and major roads. In contrast, the core growth form of land conservation has a negative economic effect. Among the estimated variables, we find that the patch growth form of land conservation and closer proximity to higher urban density have the largest positive effects on economic vitality across the study sites. Our findings contribute to both land conservation policy and the climate change literature by uncovering the spatially explicit effects of land conservation related to climate change adaptation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100632"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000494/pdfft?md5=7f060984ba1543c9ab1ec88a7c0e83c2&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000494-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apple farmer’s willingness to pay for RWBCIS: Determinants and empirical evidences from Jammu and Kashmir, India","authors":"Pawan Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Lyaqat Ali ,&nbsp;Shilpa Sharma ,&nbsp;Sidra Shafaqat ,&nbsp;Vishal Mahajan ,&nbsp;Berjesh Ajrawat ,&nbsp;Mohammad Iqbal Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate-induced extreme events are increasingly affecting farmers’ livelihoods through weather-related losses such as flash floods, hailstorms, and rising temperatures. In response to these challenges, the Central Government has introduced the voluntary Restructured Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (RWBCIS) as an effective risk management strategy. Under this scheme, farmers are required to pay a premium of 5 percent of the total compensation to avail the benefits. Apple, a major commercial crop in the north-western Himalayas, contributes 70 percent of India’s total apple production, with a significant share attributed to the Jammu and Kashmir Union Territory. This study aims to explore whether apple growers are willing to pay for RWBCIS and to identify the drivers influencing their decision to purchase such insurance products. Data were collected from 900 apple growers in the purposively selected districts of Baramulla and Budgam in Jammu and Kashmir. The findings indicate that while all farmers were willing to adopt the weather-based crop insurance scheme, the majority were unwilling to pay the current premium. The estimated mean willingness to pay (WTP) was Rs. 37.22 per tree without covariates and Rs. 17 with covariates, compared to the prevailing Rs. 53 in the neighboring state of Himachal Pradesh. Factors contributing to the low WTP included a lack of knowledge about the scheme’s modalities, basis risk, and distrust in both government and private insurance companies. The government should consider innovative methods to provide existing subsidies to achieve the targeted coverage of 25 percent of farmers under the scheme.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100636"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000536/pdfft?md5=77a0e93bb377dc5fa67a2d86fa79a89d&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000536-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansive learning of climate scientists towards transdisciplinarity","authors":"Alice McClure ,&nbsp;Gina Ziervogel ,&nbsp;Zarina Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Expansive learning theory was deployed in this study to explore how climate scientists can learn from working in a transdisciplinary mode, particularly to co-produce knowledge and navigate complex climate risks with other actors. A qualitative case study methodology was used to investigate expansive learning for climate scientists involved in the Future Resilience of African CiTies and Lands (FRACTAL) project. Findings from the study show how several major tensions of the cultural and historical work environment of scientists limit their potential to effectively produce scientific climate change information to inform decision making in complex African cities. Novel learning aspects were introduced during transdisciplinarity, which helped the scientists grapple with these tensions. They spent much time in cities with different groups of actors learning about the complex and dynamic drivers of risks in African cities and how these might change into the future. They also learned about the diverse subjectivities, priorities and values that influence African urban decision making. The group of scientists took learning actions to change their approach for co-producing knowledge with other actors in contexts of such complexity. These learning actions demonstrate transformative agency of climate scientists to expand their activities to collaboratively navigate complex African urban climate change risks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"45 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000597/pdfft?md5=b0df06201fcfd109f1135cc6dc08b125&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000597-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating seasonality in cotton-based farming systems in southern Mali","authors":"Arouna Dissa ,&nbsp;Maja Slingerland ,&nbsp;Ken E. Giller ,&nbsp;Katrien Descheemaeker","doi":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crm.2024.100649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Smallholder farmers’ livelihoods follow predictable and cyclical patterns related to annual cycles of weather, crop and animal production and market fluctuations. Understanding seasonality forms an essential part of unravelling farming systems behaviour and performance, especially in contexts with strong seasonality, such as southern Mali. Farmers make strategic, tactical and operational decisions related to different time horizons to support their agricultural activities. The diverse resource endowments of farming households influence their decisions, and adaptive capacity. This study aimed to understand farmers’ management decisions to cope with weather variability and related consequences. We used a case study approach to analyse temporal interactions between farming system components using data collected over three consecutive years (2017–2019). We focused on three research questions. First, how do farmers navigate the regular patterns of seasonal variations in rainfall, prices, food and fodder availability, and income? Second, how does seasonality influence complementarity between farm components, and trade-offs and synergies among farming objectives that result from the allocation of scarce resources? Finally, how do farming households of different resource endowments respond to unexpected changes and how does this affect the above-mentioned synergies and trade-offs? The data collection methods included (1) focus group discussions, (2) household surveys, and (3) detailed farm monitoring. Farmers undertook diverse production activities, which helped to mitigate negative consequences of crop failure. While providing opportunities for increased adaptive capacity, this diversity also creates interdependencies among farming system components, leading to reinforced positive outcomes in good years and negative outcomes in bad years. This double-edged sword challenges the simple assumption that diversification increases the stability of a farming system. All farm types faced seasonal resource constraints to adapt to unexpected changes. However, the magnitudes of changes in synergies and trade-offs among objectives were less pronounced for medium resource endowed farmers because of their more balanced people- and herd-to-land ratio compared to high resource endowed farmers. Our findings suggest that a better understanding of farm management decisions and the influence of seasonality is key to support farm productivity and to expand the adaptive capacity of smallholders. We suggest that policies aiming to support farm productivity should pay attention to the specific impediments faced by farms with different resource endowments to adapt to changes. Especially, access to credit helps poorer farmers not only to navigate the seasonal food and cash constraints but also to escape poverty traps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54226,"journal":{"name":"Climate Risk Management","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100649"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212096324000664/pdfft?md5=e33b8d4d6d434343590a605e5b6172ae&pid=1-s2.0-S2212096324000664-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142228976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}