Roots of resilience: Revealing social networks for enhancing social resilience in Indigenous Indonesian and Philippine ricescapes

Abstract

A complex interplay of social, economic, political, and agricultural factors influences the resilience of Indigenous rice farming communities. This study specifically focuses on the social dimension, examining the crucial role that affective relationships play in fostering social networks that enhance the resilience of Indigenous farmers within the ricescapes of Indonesia and the Philippines. Employing thematic analysis of expert interviews and focus group discussions, complemented by Latent Class Analysis of survey data, we identify the social networks upon which farmers depend. This mixed methods approach enables us to uncover distinct subgroups within these networks that provide support for managing various challenges, assisting with farm tasks, offering financial assistance, and sharing agricultural knowledge. By delineating these subgroups, we advocate for the development of targeted policies that address the unique needs of each group. Recognising and understanding the significance of affective relationships in the formation of social networks is essential for strengthening the resilience of Indigenous farmers, empowering them to navigate contemporary challenges while preserving their cultural heritage.