Dongwook Kim, Joel Ndikumana, Hyeonju Lee, Seullee Lee, Youngjun Yun, Jaehoon Park
{"title":"Impact of Crystal Domain on Electrical Performance and Bending Durability of Flexible Organic Thin-Film Transistors with diF-TES-ADT Semiconductor","authors":"Dongwook Kim, Joel Ndikumana, Hyeonju Lee, Seullee Lee, Youngjun Yun, Jaehoon Park","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00519-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-024-00519-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we examined the impact of crystal domain on the electrical performance and durability of flexible organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). To analyze this, we fabricated the OTFTs on a polyimide substrate using 2,8-difluoro-5,11bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF-TES-ADT) as the organic semiconductor. To examine the influence of the film morphology and crystallinity on the electrical characteristics of OTFTs, we dissolved diF-TES-ADT in chlorobenzene and toluene solvent, annealed it at different temperatures, and then evaluated its electrical performances. The optimum annealing temperature of the diF-TES-ADT OTFTs was determined through the comprehensive analysis of the electrical parameters. The film morphology and crystallinity of organic semiconductor as a function of temperature were examined using the technical measurement analysis such as the atomic force measurement, X-ray diffraction and polarized optic microscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrated the electrical degradation of the device under prolonged bending cycles and observed the effect of bending stress on the electrical performance of OTFTs. The size of the crystalline domain and surface morphology indicated a slower deterioration of OTFT performance with an increase in the number of bending cycles. It was approved that the crystal grain size and morphology of organic semiconductor may not be critical factors determining the electrical performance of OTFTs, however, the electrical durability against bending stress was significantly degraded by these factors. We speculate that the smaller grain sizes and directionally-grown crystalline structure are highly vulnerable to bending stress, resulting in increased occurrence of void cracks and structural defects.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"2023 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chang-Su Kim, Kookhan Kim, An-Seop Im, Sung-Su Kim, Jongmin Kim, Ji-Yong Eom
{"title":"All-Cobalt-Free Layered/Olivine Mixed Cathode Material for High-Electrode Density and Enhanced Cycle-Life Performance","authors":"Chang-Su Kim, Kookhan Kim, An-Seop Im, Sung-Su Kim, Jongmin Kim, Ji-Yong Eom","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00521-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13391-024-00521-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a high-energy-density electrode was fabricated by combining cobalt-free layered oxide (NM) with olivine LiFePO<sub>4</sub> (LFP) nanoparticles. The resulting mixed all-cobalt-free cathode electrode effectively minimized electrode porosity by filling the interstitial spaces between the micron-sized layered-oxide particles with nanoscale LFP particles, significantly improving electrode density, and exhibiting excellent electrode conductivity. Furthermore, the composite electrode composed of NM and LFP achieved a volumetric capacity exceeding 600 mAh/cm<sup>− 3</sup>, comparable to that of typical layered oxide cathode materials, while also demonstrating enhanced cycle-life performance relative to electrodes composed solely of layered oxide or LFP. The enhanced electrochemical performance is attributed to the efficient lithium-ion and electron conduction facilitated by the intimate contact between NM and LFP particles, the suppression of NM particle degradation due to the relatively stable LFP particles on the NM surface, and the reduced particle fracture during roll-pressing. These improvements have been confirmed through electrochemical analyses and electrode observations.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"20 6","pages":"799 - 806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-speed and Sub-ppm Detectable Tellurene NO2 Chemiresistive Room-Temperature Sensor under Humidity Environments","authors":"Yeonjin Je, Sang-Soo Chee","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00520-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-024-00520-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two-dimensional material, tellurium, composed of tellurium, has emerged as a promising material for NO<sub>2</sub> gas sensing due to its superior intrinsic electrical conductivity and strong affinity to NO<sub>2</sub>. However, the majority of literature on tellurene-based gas sensors has primarily focused on NO<sub>2</sub> detection performances under dry condition, despite the importance of considering humidity-dependent detection properties for practical gas sensing applications. Here, we explore NO<sub>2</sub> detection properties of tellurene-based chemiresistive gas sensor devices under humidity environments at room temperature. The resultant tellurene synthesized via a hydrothermal route presents 2D flake-like morphologies with highly crystalline hexagonal structures. The obtained tellurene chemiresistive sensor devices exhibit a good NO<sub>2</sub> gas response of 35% with a fast response time of 14 s, under dry conditions. Interestingly, our tellurene-based sensor devices also present the humidity-independent NO<sub>2</sub> gas detection performances while achieving a fast response time. These outstanding detection performances are likely due to intrinsically superior electrical conductivity and structural stability of tellurene in air.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphic Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Neural Network Approach for Health State Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries Incorporating Physics Knowledge","authors":"Guoqing Sun, Yafei Liu, Xuewen Liu","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00518-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13391-024-00518-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The assessment of the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries is paramount to ensuring the safety and reliability of battery management systems. Numerous researchers have employed Equivalent Circuit Models (ECM) and data-driven methodologies to estimate SOH. Each methodology has its merits and drawbacks, yet their integration poses substantial challenges. This paper proposes a novel approach for SOH estimation that synthesizes ECM with data-driven techniques. Initially, parameters for a second-order ECM are identified utilizing the voltage rebound characteristics of lithium-ion batteries. Subsequently, a predictive model is established employing a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network. Finally, features extracted from the ECM and the dataset are utilized as inputs for the LSTM neural network to predict SOH. The efficacy of the proposed technique is corroborated by datasets from NASA and CALCE. Results indicate that the novel method’s maximum Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is confined to 0.79%, and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is limited to 0.47%. Compared to other methods, this approach exhibits faster convergence, higher precision, and enhanced generalizability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Magnetic Permeability Through Improved Packing Density for Thin-Film Type Power Inductors for High-Frequency Applications","authors":"Sung Yong An, Boum Seock Kim","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00517-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13391-024-00517-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates methods to enhance the permeability of metal magnetic composites, crucial for the performance of thin film power inductors in high-frequency applications, such as those in contemporary smartphones operating in the MHz range. Traditional reliance on ferrite magnetic materials is eschewed in favor of metal magnetic materials combined with epoxy to create novel composites aimed at optimizing packing density and significantly increasing magnetic permeability. The impact on permeability is explored using four different metal powders: pure iron (FE), Fe-Si (FS), Fe-Si-B-C-Cr (AM), and Fe-Si-B-Nb-Cu (NC). The FE sample is produced using carbonyl iron powder, resulting in a particle size (D50) of 2.1 μm. The FS sample, produced through gas atomization, has a particle size of 17.5 μm, while the AM and NC samples, produced via water atomization, yield particle sizes (D50) of 19.4 μm and 23 μm, respectively. Analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mösbauer spectroscopy reveal that FE and FS samples have crystalline structures, whereas AM and NC are amorphous. Scanning electron microscopy confirms the spherical shape of particles in all samples. Theoretical calculations, based on Ollendorff’s theory of permeability and Suzuki and Oshima’s models on packing fraction, suggest that a composite with a ratio of 8:1.2:0.8 and particle sizes of approximately 25 μm, 1.5 μm, and 0.1 μm, respectively, could achieve a permeability value of up to 138.1. This demonstrates the potential for achieving high permeability at MHz frequencies through strategic packing of voids with submicron and nanopowders, marking a significant advancement in the field of thin film power inductors.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"20 6","pages":"733 - 744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yubo Yao, Hongfei Dai, Mengnan Ji, Ying Han, Bo Jiang, Chi Cheng, Xiaolei Song, Ying Song, Guangfeng Wu
{"title":"Flexible Strain Sensor Based on AgNWs/MXene/SEBS with High Sensitivity and Wide Strain Range","authors":"Yubo Yao, Hongfei Dai, Mengnan Ji, Ying Han, Bo Jiang, Chi Cheng, Xiaolei Song, Ying Song, Guangfeng Wu","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00514-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13391-024-00514-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Flexible strain sensors that combine high sensitivity and wide range are important for developing wearable electronics. In this paper, AgNWs/MXene/SEBS flexible strain sensor with high sensitivity and wide strain range was prepared using a thermoplastic elastomer (styrene-ethylene-butene-styrene) SEBS as the polymer matrix and AgNWs and MXene as the composite conductive fillers. The sensitivity of the AgNWs/MXene/SEBS sensor is significantly higher than that of the AgNWs/SEBS and MXene/SEBS sensors based on a single conductive filler. At 100% strain, the AgNWs/MXene/SEBS sensor has a sensitivity of 176.25. The sensor detects small strains of 0.5-5% as well as large strains of 5–50% with high linearity. The sensors remained stable after 200 cycles. The AgNWs/MXene/SEBS tensile sensors were subjected to array testing and finger bending recognition, and the sensors have promising applications in human motion monitoring.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"20 6","pages":"684 - 693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Young-Woong Song, Junseo Lee, Sein Lee, Wooho Ham, Jeong Hyun Yoon, Jeong-Min Park, Taehoon Sung, Jang-Yeon Kwon
{"title":"Linear Conductance Modulation in Aluminum Doped Resistive Switching Memories for Neuromorphic Computing","authors":"Young-Woong Song, Junseo Lee, Sein Lee, Wooho Ham, Jeong Hyun Yoon, Jeong-Min Park, Taehoon Sung, Jang-Yeon Kwon","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00516-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13391-024-00516-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the advent of artificial intelligence (AI), automated machines could replace human labor in the near future. Nevertheless, AI implementation is currently confined to environments with huge power supplies and computing resources. Artificial neural networks are only implemented at the software level, which necessitates the continual retrieval of synaptic weights among devices. Physically constructing neural networks using emerging nonvolatile memories allows synaptic weights to be directly mapped, thereby enhancing the computational efficiency of AI. While resistive switching memory (RRAM) represents superior performances for in-memory computing, unresolved challenges persist regarding its nonideal properties. A significant challenge to the optimal performance of neural networks using RRAMs is the nonlinear conductance update. Ionic hopping of oxygen vacancy species should be thoroughly investigated and controlled for the successful implementation of RRAM-based AI acceleration. This study dopes tantalum oxide-based RRAM with aluminum, thus improving the nonlinear conductance modulation during the resistive switching process. As a result, the simulated classification accuracy of the trained network was significant improved.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"20 6","pages":"725 - 732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrangea Macrophylla-Like CeO2 Coated by Nitrogen-Doped Carbon as Highly Efficient ORR Cathode Catalyst in a Hybrid Proton Battery","authors":"Rui Zhang, Huizhen Si, Qizhao Hu, Yangbo Cui, Shangbin Sang, Kaiyu Liu, Hongtao Liu, Qiumei Wu, Xianggong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00515-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13391-024-00515-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) coated tens nanometer hydrangea macrophylla-like CeO<sub>2</sub>(CeO<sub>2</sub>-NC) was synthesized by simple hydrothermal and polymeric calcination approach. Samples are characterised by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, etc. CeO<sub>2</sub>-NC shows an initial potential of 0.90V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 9.5 M H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. In addition, the CeO<sub>2</sub>-NC composite also exhibits a high limiting current (6.25 mA mg<sup>−1</sup>). CeO<sub>2</sub>-NC effectively combines the high initial potential of CeO<sub>2</sub> with the high limiting current of NC. Moreover, a hybrid proton battery assembled with CeO<sub>2</sub>-NC composite as the cathode catalyst and MoO<sub>3</sub> (1 mg) as anode catalyst can produce a high capacity of 261.7 mAh at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The hybrid battery also exhibits excellent catalytic stability. After 1000 cycles at a high current density of 15 A g<sup>−1</sup>, the capacity of the battery still remains 125.0 mAh, with a retention rate of approximately 90.9%. The improvement in battery performance is due to the use of NC to coat CeO<sub>2</sub>, which improves the limiting current and durability of the electrode. The presented hybrid proton batteries have further enriched the application of electrochemical energy storage devices, and the preliminary exploration of cathode catalysts significantly improved the catalytic performance of ORR under acidic conditions.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"20 6","pages":"807 - 817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141932532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of Sm2MgMnO6 Double Perovskite","authors":"Samarendra Nath Saha, Purna Chandra Barman, N. Bedamani Singh, Rajkumar Mondal, Sk. Anirban","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00512-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13391-024-00512-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this article, we have investigated the electronic structure and magnetic properties of Sm<sub>2</sub>MgMnO<sub>6</sub> prepared through auto-combustion method. The first principles of the density-functional theory have been applied to study of the electronic structure. The oxidation states of Mn and Mg are Mn<sup>3+</sup>/Mn<sup>4+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup>, respectively. The existence of Mn<sup>3+</sup> is higher than Mn<sup>4+</sup>. The magnetic study reveals the sample shows ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition at around 13.5 K which is followed by an antiferromagnetic ordering at 8.3 K. Antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic ordering have been identified at 8.3 K and higher temperature, respectively. Sm<sub>2</sub>MgMnO<sub>6</sub> shows a maximum magnetic entropy change of 1.25 J kg<sup>-1</sup>K<sup>-1</sup> and relative cooling power of 86.9 J/kg for a field variation of 70 kOe near 25 K. The values are comparable to many double perovskites reported previously. This study highlights that Sm<sub>2</sub>MgMnO<sub>6</sub> is a potential material for magnetocaloric refrigerant at low temperature.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"20 6","pages":"745 - 755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insights on Asymmetrical Electrode Geometric Effect to Enhance Gate-Drain-Bias Stability of Vertical-Channel InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistor","authors":"Dong-Hee Lee, Young-Ha Kwon, Nak-Jin Seong, Kyu-Jeong Choi, Jong-Heon Yang, Chi-Sun Hwang, Sung-Min Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s13391-024-00513-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13391-024-00513-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The asymmetrical gate-drain bias stress (GDBS) stability of a mesa-shaped vertical-channel thin-film transistors (VTFTs) was investigated using an In-Ga-Zn–O (IGZO) active layer prepared by atomic-layer deposition. The GDBS measurements were conducted with variations in electrode configurations and overlapped areas between the active and bottom electrode regions. The GDBS stability of the IGZO VTFTs was found to be significantly degraded, when a plasma-damaged electrode was used as the drain electrode, due to the formation of defective channel regions that are more susceptible to the hot carrier effect. To address the effect of plasma-damaged electrode, an ultrathin passivation layer was introduced, resulting in the achievement of VTFTs with excellent and uniform GDBS stability.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"20 6","pages":"702 - 710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}