{"title":"X-ray Irradiation Induced Near-Infrared Persistent Luminescence from Li2Ge7O15:Cr3+","authors":"Xiaobin Liao, Wenli Shi, Zewen Liu, Runyao Liu, Jiaxu Zhang, Xiaoyan Fu, Hongwu Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s13391-025-00583-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study demonstrates the X-ray-activated near-infrared persistent luminescence in Li<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>7</sub>O<sub>15</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> phosphors by the high-temperature solid-phase method. The influence of Cr<sup>3+</sup> doping concentration on the structure, morphology and luminescent characteristics of the synthesized material was systematically investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and persistent luminescence spectral analysis. The XRD result showed that the synthesized samples were pure. Under X-ray irradiation, the sample Li<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>7</sub>O<sub>15</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> exhibited near-infrared persistent luminescence and photo stimulated luminescence. The photoluminescence and afterglow emission peaks were located at 699.8 nm, which was due to the <sup>2</sup>E→<sup>4</sup>A<sub>2</sub> of Cr<sup>3+</sup>. The optimal Cr<sup>3+</sup> doping concentration was determined to be 0.05 %, at which the material demonstrated remarkable persistent luminescence performance. Notably, even if exposed to X-ray irradiation only for 5 s, the sample maintained exceptional near-infrared persistent emission characteristics lasting over 30 minutes. Furthermore, the material exhibited exceptional photostimulated luminescence (PSL) characteristics, with its near-infrared afterglow intensity being remarkably amplified under 980 nm laser irradiation. Thermoluminescence (TL) spectral analysis revealed the existence of multiple discrete trap energy levels within the host matrix, whose activation behavior was dependent on the excitation source. Under X-ray irradiation, the sample generated an additional effective trap level, which was more conducive to storing excitation energy. These results suggested that Li<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>7</sub>O<sub>15</sub>:Cr<sup>3+</sup> was a potential X-ray-induced near-infrared persistent luminescent material.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":536,"journal":{"name":"Electronic Materials Letters","volume":"21 5","pages":"688 - 696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Electronic Materials Letters","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13391-025-00583-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study demonstrates the X-ray-activated near-infrared persistent luminescence in Li2Ge7O15:Cr3+ phosphors by the high-temperature solid-phase method. The influence of Cr3+ doping concentration on the structure, morphology and luminescent characteristics of the synthesized material was systematically investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectroscopy, and persistent luminescence spectral analysis. The XRD result showed that the synthesized samples were pure. Under X-ray irradiation, the sample Li2Ge7O15:Cr3+ exhibited near-infrared persistent luminescence and photo stimulated luminescence. The photoluminescence and afterglow emission peaks were located at 699.8 nm, which was due to the 2E→4A2 of Cr3+. The optimal Cr3+ doping concentration was determined to be 0.05 %, at which the material demonstrated remarkable persistent luminescence performance. Notably, even if exposed to X-ray irradiation only for 5 s, the sample maintained exceptional near-infrared persistent emission characteristics lasting over 30 minutes. Furthermore, the material exhibited exceptional photostimulated luminescence (PSL) characteristics, with its near-infrared afterglow intensity being remarkably amplified under 980 nm laser irradiation. Thermoluminescence (TL) spectral analysis revealed the existence of multiple discrete trap energy levels within the host matrix, whose activation behavior was dependent on the excitation source. Under X-ray irradiation, the sample generated an additional effective trap level, which was more conducive to storing excitation energy. These results suggested that Li2Ge7O15:Cr3+ was a potential X-ray-induced near-infrared persistent luminescent material.
期刊介绍：
Electronic Materials Letters is an official journal of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials. It is a peer-reviewed international journal publishing print and online version. It covers all disciplines of research and technology in electronic materials. Emphasis is placed on science, engineering and applications of advanced materials, including electronic, magnetic, optical, organic, electrochemical, mechanical, and nanoscale materials. The aspects of synthesis and processing include thin films, nanostructures, self assembly, and bulk, all related to thermodynamics, kinetics and/or modeling.
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