Sports最新文献

{"title":"Acute Effects of Short Static, Dynamic, and Contract-Relax with Antagonist Contraction Stretch Modalities on Vertical Jump Height and Flexibility.","authors":"Clément Cheurlin, Carole Cometti, Jihane Mrabet, Jules Opplert, Nicolas Babault","doi":"10.3390/sports13040115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the acute effects of different stretching modalities applied within a warm-up on flexibility and vertical jump height. Thirty-seven young adults participated in four randomized experimental sessions, each corresponding to a different condition: static stretch (SS), dynamic stretch (DS), contract-relax with antagonist contraction (CRAC) or a control condition with no stretch (CTRL). Conditions were five min in total duration, including 2 × 15 s stretches for each muscle group (knee flexor, knee extensor, and plantar flexor muscles). Ten min and five min of cycling preceded and followed these procedures, respectively. Hamstring flexibility and a series of countermovement jump (CMJ) measurements were interspersed within this procedure. Except for CTRL, hamstring flexibility significantly increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) after all experimental procedures (7.5 ± 6.6%, 4.1 ± 4.9%, and 2.7 ± 6.0% for CRA, SS, and DS, respectively). The relative increase was significantly greater for CRAC as compared CTRL (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Vertical jump height significantly decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) immediately after SS (-2.3 ± 3.9%), CTRL (-2.3 ± 3.5%), and CRAC (-3.2 ± 3.3%). Jump height was unchanged after DS (0.4 ± 4.5%). Whatever the condition, no additional jump height alteration was obtained after the re-warm-up. The main findings of the present study revealed that DS is more appropriate for maintaining vertical jump height. However, stretching has no major effect when performed within a warm-up. In contrast, if the main objective is to increase flexibility, CRAC is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of 10 Weeks of Yoga Intervention on Mental Health and Overall Well-Being Among Medical Students: GSY Study.","authors":"Shalini Chauhan, Sachal Sadiq Najaf, Lukács Gergely, Király Anita Kinga, István Karsai, Viktoria Prémusz","doi":"10.3390/sports13040114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>the purpose of this study was to explore the effect of 10 weeks of yoga intervention on the mental health outcomes (stress, anxiety, and depression), quality of life, emotional regulation, and quality of sleep of medical students.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the current experimental study, 220 medical students, with a mean age of 21.36 ± 2.20 years, participated in a 10-week yoga intervention at the University of Pécs. Data were collected before and after the intervention using the validated questionnaires DASS-21, WHOQOL-BREF, PSQI, and DERS. The distribution of data was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A paired sample T-test was used to compare the mean of the continuous variable. Stepwise linear regression was used to assess the association between mental health outcomes and quality-of-life variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study shows a significant reduction in (<i>p</i> < 0.001), depression (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and anxiety (<i>p</i> < 0.001) for participants, and overall quality of life (<i>p</i> < 0.001), quality of sleep (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and emotional regulation (<i>p</i> < 0.001) significantly improved after the intervention. The stepwise linear regression shows a strong association between higher levels of anxiety (β = 0.608, R² = 0.366) and depression (β = 0.608, R² = 0.392), with higher stress levels and improvement in environmental conditions being associated with a decrease in stress levels (β = -0.392, R² = 0.087).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>the current study shows that yoga significantly improved the mental health and well-being of medical students, improving quality of life, quality of sleep, and emotional regulation.</p><p><strong>Registered clinical trial: </strong>NCT06661603.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Study on Subject-Specific Throwing Arm Strength Responses to a Novel Intra-Abdominal Pressure Belt Worn by Collegiate Baseball Pitchers.","authors":"Ryan L Crotin, Christian Conforti","doi":"10.3390/sports13040113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Throwing arm injuries in baseball are related to throwing arm weakness. This case study investigated potential arm strength improvements owed to wearing a specialized intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) to prime arm strength prior to simulated competition. The randomized study design involving 13 collegiate pitchers who threw 3 bullpens of 40 pitches with visual encouragement through an LED-integrated radar gun unit wearing their typical belt, an IAP belt at regular length, and the IAP belt with 2 in cinch. A portable dynamometer evaluated throwing arm strength prior to bullpen sessions wearing each belt type to denote strength responses. Participant-specific data presented in this exploratory study indicated potential benefits for increasing throwing arm strength. Overall, higher throwing arm strength scores were seen for the majority athletes when wearing the IAP belt. As a result, this exploratory case study should inspire future research evaluating IAP influences on throwing arm strength, as elevated proximal stabilization of the core creates a new avenue for improved throwing arm function among baseball pitchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030872/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Serum and Salivary Cortisol Interpolation for Time-Dependent Modeling Frameworks in Healthy Adult Males.","authors":"Nathaniel T Berry, Travis Anderson, Christopher K Rhea, Laurie Wideman","doi":"10.3390/sports13040112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cortisol is an important marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and follows robust circadian and diurnal rhythms. However, biomarker sampling protocols can be labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Explore analytical approaches that can handle differing biological sampling frequencies to maximize these data in more detailed and time-dependent analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy adult males [N = 8; 26.1 (±3.1) years; 176.4 (±8.6) cm; 73.1 (±12.0) kg)] completed two 24 h admissions: one at rest and one including a high-intensity exercise session on the cycle ergometer. Serum and salivary cortisol were sampled every 60 and 120 min, respectively. Six alternative sampling profiles were defined by downsampling from the observed data and creating two intermittent sampling profiles. A polynomial (1-6 degrees) validation process was performed, and interpolation was conducted to match the observed data. Model fit and performance were assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²) and the root mean square error (RMSE), as well as an examination of the equivalence, via two one-sided t-tests (TOST), of 24 h cortisol output between the observed and interpolated data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean serum cortisol output was higher than salivary cortisol (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and no effect was observed for condition (<i>p</i> = 0.61). Second- and third-degree polynomial regressions were determined to be the optimal models for fitting salivary. TOST tests determined that serum data and estimated 24 h output from these models (with interpolation) provided statistically similar estimates to the observed data (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Second- and third-degree polynomial fits of salivary and serum cortisol provide a reasonable means for interpolation without introducing bias into estimates of 24 h output. This allows researchers to sample biomarkers at biologically relevant frequencies and subsequently match necessary sampling frequencies during the data processing stage of various machine learning workflows.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12030809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Metabolic Stress to High-Load Exercise on Muscle Damage, Inflammatory and Hormonal Responses.","authors":"Séverine Stragier, Jacques Duchateau, Frédéric Cotton, Julie Smet, Fleur Wolff, Jérémy Tresnie, Alain Carpentier","doi":"10.3390/sports13040111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess the impact of metabolic stress on blood lactate, muscle damage, inflammatory and hormonal responses following a high-load (70% maximum) strength training session, we compared two methods with a similar number of repetitions but that differed by their metabolic demand: the 3/7 method consisting in two series of five sets of an increasing number of repetitions (3 to 7) with a short inter-set interval (15 s) and the 8 × 6 method that comprises eight sets of six repetitions with a longer inter-set interval (2.5 min). Blood concentrations in lactate, creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (MB), interleukine-6 (IL-6), leukocytes, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and cortisol were determined before and after each session. Lactate concentration increased more (11.9 vs. 3.1 mmol/L; <i>p</i> < 0.001) for the 3/7 method whereas CK and MB concentrations were augmented similarly (<i>p</i> > 0.05) for both methods. Inflammatory markers (leukocytes and IL-6) increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) more after the 3/7 method. GH and cortisol concentrations also increased more (<i>p</i> < 0.001) after the 3/7 method with no difference in IGF-1 concentrations between methods. Positive associations were found between the change in lactate and changes in IL-6 (r² = 0.47; <i>p</i> < 0.01), GH (r² = 0.58; <i>p</i> < 0.001) and cortisol (r² = 0.61; <i>p</i> < 0.001) concentrations. In conclusion, the greater lactate accumulation induced by short inter-set intervals during a high-load training session is associated with enhanced inflammatory and hormonal responses, suggesting that metabolic stress might contribute to the greater adaptative response previously observed with this method.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective Intervention Features of a Doping Prevention Program for Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Luis Felipe Reynoso-Sánchez, Amairani Molgado-Sifuentes, Hussein Muñoz-Helú, Jeanette M López-Walle, Diego Soto-García","doi":"10.3390/sports13040108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study systematically reviewed the effectiveness of cognitive, affective, and combined approaches in doping prevention, considering the impact of athletes' active versus passive participation. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PICOS framework, a literature search identified ten studies involving 3581 athletes (1094 women, 2487 men). Ten studies were included as a sample in the meta-analysis and meta-regression, which were used in the effect size calculation. This meta-analysis shows that anti-doping education programs effectively improve short-term doping intentions (ES = 0.29, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and anti-doping behaviors (ES = -0.27, <i>p</i> < 0.001), although there is a decline in the long-term effects (ES = -0.13, <i>p</i> = 0.009). Moral behaviors were unaffected (ES = 0.01, <i>p</i> < 0.001), suggesting that changing deeper values requires alternative approaches like mentorship. Passive participation negatively impacted doping intentions (ES = -0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.004) and behaviors (ES = -0.40, <i>p</i> = 0.022), highlighting the need for active engagement. Pre-experimental designs showed a negative effect on behaviors (ES = -0.74, <i>p</i> = 0.023), emphasizing the importance of rigorous methodologies. While anti-doping education programs effectively influence short-term attitudes and intentions, sustaining behavioral change requires continuous reinforcement and active engagement. The decline in the long-term effects suggests that standalone interventions are insufficient to instill lasting anti-doping behaviors in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body Mass Index and Sedentary Behaviour Affect Hamstring Extensibility in Primary Education Students.","authors":"Guillermo De Castro-Maqueda, Miguel Ángel Rosety-Rodríguez, Jorge R Fernández-Santos","doi":"10.3390/sports13040109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing and maintaining physical condition is an essential element of physical education for primary school children. In this respect, flexibility is of crucial importance in physical performance and coordination. One of the areas addressed in physical education is that of increasing hamstring flexibility, which is diminished by physical inactivity and inversely associated with the body mass index. The objective of this study is to explore the interplay between hamstring extensibility, physical inactivity and overweight in primary school students. Accordingly, a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out of 265 students, applying sit and reach (SR) and deep trunk flexion (DTF) tests and analysing responses made to the IPAQ questionnaire. Among the results found for the study sample, the average flexor capacity recorded was -0.26 ± 6.33 among the boys and 5.52 ± 6.46 among the girls. The highest values in the girls were achieved at 9-10 years of age (6.69 ± 8.19) and in the boys at 6-7 years of age (2.72 ± 5.99). The lowest values for the girls (3.30 ± 5.19) were recorded in those aged 8-9 years and for the boys (3.13 ± 5.60) at the same age. These study results suggest there is a relationship between a sedentary lifestyle, a high BMI and sub-optimum flexibility. The children identified as physically active obtained higher average results in both the SR and the DTF tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031386/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intra-Individual Variability in Sagittal Plane Kinematics During Indoor Cycling Time Trial.","authors":"Chris Whittle, Simon A Jobson, Neal Smith","doi":"10.3390/sports13040110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intra-individual movement variability has historically been discounted as evidence of poor motor control. However, evidence now suggests that it may play a functional role in skill performance and so this study aimed to establish whether this is the case during a simulated indoor cycling time trial. Ten trained cyclists (Age = 31.90 ± 10.30 years, Height = 1.80 ± 0.10 years, Mass = 72.10 ± 9.40 kg) participated in a 10-mile (16 km) time trial while sagittal plane kinematics were captured using 3D motion capture technology. The results showed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) between knee-ankle and hip-knee coordination variability across pedal phases, with the knee-ankle coupling exhibiting more variability. Notably, faster cyclists demonstrated lower variability, particularly in the knee-ankle coupling, compared to slower cyclists. While no consistent relationship was found between movement variability and time trial performance across all participants, the results suggest that there may be a link between the level of intra-individual movement variability displayed by a cyclist and the time in which they were able to complete a 10-mile simulated time trial task in laboratory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unilateral Exercise and Bilateral Vascular Health in Female Tennis Players and Active Controls.","authors":"Chanhtel E Thongphok, Abena O Gyampo, Elisa Fioraso, Anneli O Ramolins, Elianna G Hills, Claire E Coates, Stephen J Ives","doi":"10.3390/sports13040107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blood pressure (BP), interarm differences (IAD) in BP, and arterial stiffness (AS) are related to cardiovascular disease risk and are attenuated by exercise training. While active, tennis players (TP) experience bilateral differences in shear stress, and thus vascular function due to the unilateral nature of the sport. However, it is unknown if this translates into attenuated bilateral differences in peripheral blood pressure (pBP), estimated central blood pressure (cBP), and AS, which could provide insight into the local versus systemic effects of exercise training on BP in women.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>to evaluate bilateral differences in pBP, cBP, and AS in Division III female college TP and healthy recreationally active (RA) age- and sex-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a parallel design, TP (n = 10) and RA controls (n = 10) were assessed for anthropometrics, body composition, and bilateral BP measurements using oscillometric cuff technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TP and RA were well-matched for body weight, body fat percentage, and BMI (all, <i>p</i> > 0.69). Interaction of arm and group, and effects of arm, or group were insignificant for pSBP and pDBP (all, <i>p</i> > 0.137). IAD in pSBP tended lower in TP (<i>p</i> = 0.096, d = 0.8), but IAD in cSBP was lower (<i>p</i> = 0.040, d = 0.8). Augmentation pressure and index were different between arms (<i>p</i> = 0.02), but no interactions (group by arm) were observed (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In groups well-matched for age and body composition, TP tended to have lower BP and IAD in pSBP, but cSBP revealed ~50% lower IAD in TP. Thus, measurement site and exercise training matter when assessing arterial stiffness and interarm differences in BP.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine Effects on Physical Performance and Sport-Specific Skills in Elite Youth Soccer Players: A Randomised Trial Using the Balanced Placebo Design.","authors":"Eduard Bezuglov, Timur Vakhidov, Ryland Morgans, Georgiy Malyakin, Anton Emanov, Egana Koroleva, Elizaveta Kapralova, Oleg Talibov","doi":"10.3390/sports13040106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13040106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study was to examine the safety and effects of relatively high caffeine doses on physical performance and sport-specific skills of young elite soccer players. Fifty-four soccer players from an elite Russian soccer academy participated in the blinded randomised placebo-controlled study with a double-blinded and balanced design. Participants were divided into four groups: group 1 CAF/CAF; group 2 CAF/PLA group 3 PLA/PLA and group 4 PLA/CAF. All participants were administered 400 mg of caffeine or the placebo. The data demonstrated that a single 400 mg caffeine administration 60 min before exercise had a positive effect on repeated sprint ability (RSA) test parameters such as fatigue index (for both groups <i>p</i> < 0.001) and percentage decrement score (for both groups <i>p</i> < 0.001). In group 4, statistically significant improvements were also found when performing the fourth and sixth sprint during the RSA test (<i>p</i> = 0.039 and <i>p</i> = 0.005, respectively). Group 1 also showed a statistically significant improvement in dribbling speed performance (<i>p</i> = 0.048). It was demonstrated that the number of adverse events in all four groups was not different (<i>p</i> = 0.56). A single administration of 400 mg of caffeine 60 min prior to maximal intensity physical activity can be considered reasonable and safe for young elite soccer players.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12031558/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}