Sports最新文献

{"title":"Affective Responses to Barbell-Based Resistance Training in a 16-Week Barbell-Based Strength Training Program for Recreationally Active Adults.","authors":"Vanessa M Martinez Kercher, Janelle M Goss, Janette M Watkins, Liam A Phillips, Brad A Roy, James F Dow, Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo, Kyle A Kercher","doi":"10.3390/sports13030088","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the well-established physical benefits of resistance training (RT), only 31% of U.S. adults meet RT guidelines, with women participating at lower rates. While the physiological aspects of RT are well researched, less is known about the psychological factors, such as affective responses (e.g., enjoyment, energy). This study explored the relationships between self-efficacy, self-determined motivation, affective responses, and adherence in a 16-week barbell-based RT program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 43 adults (M age = 45.09 ± 10.7, 81.8% female) enrolled in a community-based RT program. Affective responses were measured pre- and post-training, within RT sessions, and over time. Repeated-measures ANOVA and correlational analyses were used to examine relationships between psychological variables, affective responses, and adherence to the program.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported significant improvements in positive affective responses post-training and across the program's duration. Self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation were positively associated with higher affective responses and greater adherence. Strength exercises elicited more positive affects compared to power exercises, and lifting heavier relative loads was correlated with more favorable emotional outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights the importance of psychological factors, such as self-efficacy and motivation, in the relationship of affective responses to RT.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Asymmetric and Symmetric Sport Load on Upper and Lower Extremity Strength and Balance: A Comparison Between the Dominant and Non-Dominant Side in Adolescent Female Athletes.","authors":"Safoura Heshmati, Kourosh Ghahraman Tabrizi, Abdolhamid Daneshjoo, Elham Hosseini, Saeid Bahiraei, Mansour Sahebozamani, Andreas Konrad, David George Behm","doi":"10.3390/sports13030089","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of primarily asymmetrical (soccer and volleyball) and symmetrical sport load (sprint and swimming) in the upper and lower limbs on dynamic balance and muscle strength and to compare these values in the dominant and non-dominant limbs. This study employed a cross-sectional design, included 45 adolescent female athletes from four sports, divided into asymmetric (ASYM, <i>n</i> = 25) and symmetric (SYM, <i>n</i> = 20) groups. They were assessed for maximal voluntary isometric muscle contraction (MVIC) relative muscular strength using a handheld dynamometer (HHD) for shoulder external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR), as well as hamstring and quadricep strength. Upper and lower limb balance were also assessed using the Upper (YBT-UQ) and Lower Quarter Y Balance Test (YBT-LQ) tests. The results showed significantly greater balance in the upper extremities of swimmers and in the lower extremities of the sprinters in both the dominant (DS) and non-dominant (NDS) sides than in other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). However, no significant difference in internal and external shoulder rotator muscles strength between the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Although significant differences were found in hamstring strength on the dominant side and quadricep strength on both sides (<i>p</i> < 0.05), a notable finding was that sprint athletes consistently demonstrated stronger quadriceps muscles as compared to other groups in both the dominant and non-dominant sides. According to the current findings, there are significant differences in upper and lower body balance, hamstring, and quadricep muscle strength among sports. This suggests that athletes of asymmetrical sports may need to improve non-dominant side knee strength and balance symmetry to prevent the risk of injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Heart Rate Prediction Employing Wearable Sensor Data.","authors":"Asieh Namazi, Ehsan Modiri, Suzana Blesić, Olivera M Knežević, Dragan M Mirkov","doi":"10.3390/sports13030087","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monitoring heart rate (HR) is vital for health management and athletic performance, and wearable technology enables scientists to obtain real-time cardiovascular insights. This study compares Machine Learning (ML) techniques, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), and 1D Convolutional Neural Networks (1D CNNs). Then, we develop a hybrid Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA)-Augmented ML technique to predict HR using wearable sensor data. Additionally, we investigate the impact of incorporating auxiliary physiological inputs, such as breathing rate (BR) and RR intervals, on predictive accuracy. The study utilizes the cardiorespiratory data acquired through wearable sensors while practising sports, including 126 recordings from 81 participants (53 males, 28 females) engaged in 10 different sports. Physiological signals were collected at 1 Hz using the BioHarness 3.0 (Zephyr Technology, Mangaluru, India). The dataset includes individuals with varied levels of sports experience (beginner, intermediate, and advanced), allowing for a more comprehensive evaluation of HR variability across different expertise levels. Our results demonstrate that the hybrid SSA-LSTM model reaches the lowest prediction error by effectively capturing HR dynamics. Furthermore, integrating HR, BR, and RR data significantly enhances accuracy over single or dual parameter inputs. These findings support adopting multivariate machine learning models for health monitoring, improving HR prediction accuracy for fitness and preventive healthcare.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological Adaptations to Altitude Training in Female Water Polo Players: A Case Report of a World Championships Medal-Winning Team.","authors":"Iñigo Mujika, Jocelyn Mara, Irina Zelenkova, Rodrigo Zacca, David B Pyne","doi":"10.3390/sports13030086","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The effective monitoring of athletes' adaptation is crucial to optimize the outcomes of altitude camps and minimize the risk of maladaptation to the hypoxic stress and intensive training. This case report assessed the hematological adaptations in 22 world-class female water polo players during a 16-day 'live high-train high' (LHTH) altitude camp (2320 m) and evaluated the differences between selected (n = 13) and non-selected (n = 9) players and between playing positions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hematological parameters, including total hemoglobin mass (tHB_mass) and blood volume, were measured before and after the camp. Resting heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, body mass, fatigue, and sleep were monitored daily.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relative tHb_mass increased PRE to POST (5.4 ± 5.1%, range -3.9-20.2), but blood volume did not change (<i>p</i> = 0.797). Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and red cell distribution width increased PRE-POST (<i>p</i> < 0.001, ES = 1.21-2.69), while mean corpuscular volume and hemoglobin decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.001, ES = 0.51 and 0.72, respectively). No substantial differences were observed in the hematological parameters between selected and non-selected players. There was a large difference in the change in relative blood volume between centers (n = 4, PRE 74.1 ± 5.4, POST 69.7 ± 5.9 mL/kg; mean ± SD) and field players (n = 15, PRE 80.8 ± 10.6, POST 82.8 ± 6.8 mL/kg; adj <i>p</i> = 0.046, ES = 1.15) and between centers and goalkeepers (n = 3, PRE 89.7 ± 9.6, POST 82.0 ± 7.1 mL/kg; adj <i>p</i> = 0.046, ES = 1.62).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A 16-day LHTH camp can induce favorable hematological adaptations in world-class women's water polo players, without substantial differences between selected and non-selected players, and larger increases in field players.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Use of Generalizability Theory to Optimize Countermovement Jump Data Collection.","authors":"Alan Huebner, Jonathon R Lever, Thomas W Clark, Timothy J Suchomel, Casey J Metoyer, Jonathan D Hauenstein, John P Wagle","doi":"10.3390/sports13030085","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of countermovement jump (CMJ) performance metrics across five NCAA Division I varsity sports using Generalizability Theory (G-Theory). Three hundred male athletes from football, hockey, baseball, soccer, and lacrosse performed three or more CMJs on dual-force platforms. G-Theory was applied to identify variance components and determine reliability coefficients (Φ) for 14 key metrics. Metrics requiring more than three jumps to achieve Φ 0.80 were deemed unreliable. Metric reliability varied by sport and phase of movement. Metrics associated with the eccentric phase (e.g., Eccentric Duration, Deceleration Rate of Force Development Asymmetry) demonstrated lower reliability, often requiring >3 jumps. Reliable metrics across sports included Phase 1 Concentric Impulse and Scaled Power, requiring three trials or fewer. CMJ reliability is sport- and metric-specific. Practitioners should prioritize reliable metrics and adjust protocols to balance data quality and practicality, particularly when monitoring eccentric characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Soleus Push-Up in Individuals with Prediabetes: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Dávid Elek, Miklós Tóth, Balázs Sonkodi, Pongrác Ács, Gábor L Kovács, Péter Tardi, Csaba Melczer","doi":"10.3390/sports13030081","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Hamilton and colleagues invented the soleus push-up exercise and showed that this exercise method was successful in reducing postprandial blood glucose levels in sedentary individuals. The objective of the current pilot study was to assess the efficacy of the soleus push-up in individuals with prediabetes and to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating this exercise method into their daily routine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten participants (mean age: 53.3 ± 2.7 years; four females, six males) with prediabetes were included in the study. Initially, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) while being sedentary to establish baseline postprandial blood glucose measurements. During a subsequent OGTT, participants concurrently performed the soleus push-up (SPU) exercise either with or without electromyographic (EMG) feedback. Blood glucose levels were measured at 15 min intervals over the two-hour duration of both OGTTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that performing the SPU in a sitting position during the oral glucose tolerance test resulted in approximately a 32% reduction in postprandial glucose excursion compared to the sedentary baseline results. This effect was also present in the absence of EMG feedback.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that this repetitive, prolonged contractile muscle activity can improve metabolic regulation in prediabetic individuals without the need for a laboratory setting. SPU may be a viable and effective exercise to support metabolic health in home or work environments. However, further validation is needed with a larger sample size.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking Barriers in Interdisciplinary Research: The Case for a Unified Approach in Sports Science and Public Health.","authors":"Andrew M Lane, Richard B Kreider","doi":"10.3390/sports13030082","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There has been a long-standing call in the sports and exercise sciences for researchers to adopt an interdisciplinary approach [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946804/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Factors Predicting Sport Coaches' Perceived Performance.","authors":"Kathrine Lervold, Jan Arvid Haugan, Maja Gunhild Olsen Østerås, Frode Moen","doi":"10.3390/sports13030083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the predictive factors influencing sport coaches' perceived performance levels following an 18-month mentor-based education program. The study employed a quasi-experimental, pre-test/post-test control group design to assess changes in perceived coach performance over time. The experimental group participated in six group gatherings and at least 15 individual mentoring sessions over 18 months, while the control group received no intervention. Participants were recruited from a non-formal coach education program run by the Norwegian Olympic Sports Center (NOSC), requiring recommendations from their respective sport federations. Of the 159 coaches who applied, 73 were selected for the program and invited to participate, along with 29 additional coaches from specialized high schools for elite sports, forming a total sample of 98 coaches (69 in the experimental group, 29 in the control group) at pre-test. The sample consisted of 61 males (62%) and 37 females (38%), aged 26 to 71 years (M = 38.3, SD = 8.3), representing over 20 sports, with handball (15.3%), cross-country skiing (10.2%), soccer (7.1%), and track and field (7.1%) being the most common. Data collection included an online questionnaire measuring perceived coach performance, coaching hours, age, and dimensions of the coach-athlete working alliance (task, bond, and goal development). After 18 months, 75 coaches completed the study, yielding a response rate of 73.5%. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that coaches' ages, weekly coaching hours, baseline perceived performance, and task development within the coach-athlete working alliance positively predicted their performance perception post-test. Participation in the mentor-based program also had a significant positive effect. However, neither bond nor goal development in the working alliance predicted performance perception. These findings underscore the importance of mentoring, structured self-reflection, and task-focused coaching strategies in enhancing coaching effectiveness. The results have implications for coach education programs seeking to foster professional growth and performance development.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Dynamics Established Through Sport: Implications for the Sports Training of Young Brazilian Basketball Athletes.","authors":"Larissa Fernanda Porto Maciel, Sergio José Ibáñez, Mariana Klauck Beirith, Alexandra Folle","doi":"10.3390/sports13030084","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article aims to identify the influence of the social dynamics experienced by basketball players, specifically the type of support and help they received during their formative years in the sport. To this end, we conducted a mixed-method study with a sequential explanatory design. Quantitative data were collected from Brazilian athletes aged 18 and 19 (<i>n</i> = 141), followed by in-depth interviews with 24 athletes. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the differences between the age groups, and the association between the qualitative variables was analyzed using the Chi² test, which was aided by the SPSS statistical program. Thematic analysis guided the coding and analysis of the qualitative data. The results showed that the family provided support at all formative stages, with the type and amount of the support supplied changing over time. Three types of support provided by family members were identified, with emotional and tangible support being more prevalent up to age 17. In contrast, informational support was more prominent in the final phase of sports training. Peers mainly provided emotional and informational support, especially from the age of 15. The results showed that the club, school, and coaches supported the athletes to keep playing basketball, usually through transportation, scholarships, food, and athlete grants. These findings provide valuable information on the dynamic nature of social relationships in the athlete development process. They also show that the support offered influences the wider environment to optimize or hinder athletic development in basketball. There is still a long way to go in understanding the social dynamics within the complex development processes in sports. Longitudinal studies with ecological, conceptual, and methodological approaches that provide a more integrative, complementary, holistic, and contextualized view of the influence of social dynamics on athlete training and sports participation could be an avenue to explore in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945917/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Handicap: A Cross-Sectional Study of Mental Health Amongst Registered Golfers in Spain.","authors":"P Martín-Escudero, M Fuentes-Ferrer, F Peinado Miguel, E Jiménez-Herranz","doi":"10.3390/sports13030080","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of impaired mental health (MH) has increased in recent decades. The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of impaired MH amongst registered Spanish golfers using the GHQ-28 questionnaire. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out in Spain between March and August 2024 using a self-administered questionnaire on 298 adult participants. The participants were mainly men (75.1%) over 60 years of age (50.7%) who were married or with a partner (79.5%), and who were active in the job market (56%). Of the participants, 73.5% reported an improvement in MH levels attributed to the game, and 77.2% recommended golf as a way to improve MH. The prevalence of impaired MH was 6.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.1-10.2%). Differences in impaired MH were found according to age (<=45 years: 28.6%; 46-60 years: 5.0% and >60 years: 4.0%; <i>p</i> = 0.001), marital status (married or with a partner: 4.6% vs. other: 14.8%; <i>p</i> = 0.009) and time of play (morning: 3.3% vs. other: 10.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.015). The prevalence of impaired MH detected was low and these results indicated that such playing habits and characteristics may have a positive impact on the mental wellbeing of golf players.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}