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Examining the Exercise Dose-Response Using Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Female University Ice Hockey Players. 利用心脏自主神经活动检测女大学生冰球运动员的运动剂量反应。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090330

Maggie L Peterson, Patrick E Monforton, Anthony R Bain, Kevin J Milne, Andrew S Perrotta

{"title":"Examining the Exercise Dose-Response Using Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Female University Ice Hockey Players.","authors":"Maggie L Peterson, Patrick E Monforton, Anthony R Bain, Kevin J Milne, Andrew S Perrotta","doi":"10.3390/sports13090330","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090330","url":null,"abstract":"Female university ice hockey players experience elevated and sustained cardiovascular stress during training and competition. There remains limited research on the \"exercise dose-response\" in female ice hockey players. The purpose of this study was to examine daily and weekly changes in cardiac autonomic activity across a competitive season, and to examine its association with accumulated exercise stress. Twenty-one female ice hockey players wore chest strap heart rate monitors to quantify exercise heart rate dynamics into a training load (TL) metric and time (min) performing high-intensity activity (HIA) during training and competition. Cardiac autonomic activity was expressed as both resting heart rate (RHR) and the root mean squared of successive R-R intervals (rMSSD) and was recorded immediately upon awakening each morning. The association between HRV and both TL (r = -0.420, p = 0.058) and HIA (r = -0.420, p = 0.058) was observed. The association between RHR and both TL (r = 0.109, p = 0.638) and HIA (r = 0.150, p = 0.516) was observed. rMSSD fell below the typical error for ~50% of games. In conclusion, HRV demonstrated greater sensitivity to exercise stress than RHR for quantifying the dose-response to on-ice exercise stress.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473892/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The ACTN-3 c.1729C>T (rs1815739) Polymorphism Is Associated with Match-Play Maximal Running Speed in Elite Football Players: A Preliminary Report. 精英足球运动员ACTN-3 c.1729C>T （rs1815739）多态性与比赛最大跑速相关的初步研究

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090331

Myosotis Massidda, Laura Flore, Giovanna Maria Ghiani, Kinga Losinska, Mauro Baldus, Jacopo Secci, Giuseppe Allegra, Marco Scorcu, Naoki Kikuchi, Pawel Cieszczyk, Carla Maria Calò, Filippo Tocco

{"title":"The ACTN-3 c.1729C>T (rs1815739) Polymorphism Is Associated with Match-Play Maximal Running Speed in Elite Football Players: A Preliminary Report.","authors":"Myosotis Massidda, Laura Flore, Giovanna Maria Ghiani, Kinga Losinska, Mauro Baldus, Jacopo Secci, Giuseppe Allegra, Marco Scorcu, Naoki Kikuchi, Pawel Cieszczyk, Carla Maria Calò, Filippo Tocco","doi":"10.3390/sports13090331","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090331","url":null,"abstract":"The TT genotype of the ACTN-3 polymorphism (rs1815739) has been previously associated with lower sprinting and jumping performance, higher frequency and severity of muscle injuries and eccentric muscle damage in professional football players. This study examined the influence of rs1815739 polymorphism on maximal running speed (MRS) during official matches in elite football players. MRS was collected, using a Global Position System (GPS) at high sampling frequencies (50 Hz), from 45 footballers of the same team during 26 official matches (707 match observations). A buccal swab was used to extract genomic DNA, and an RFLP PCR technique was used to determine the ACTN-3 genotype. The main finding of the present study was that CC players showed significantly higher MRS than TT players (CC = 33.1 ± 1.3 km·h-1; CT = 32.7 ± 1.6 km·h-1; TT = 31.5 ± 1.9 km·h-1, p = 0.041). Moreover, the players harboring a copy of the C allele showed a trend toward higher MRS than TT genotype (CC + CT = 32.9 ± 1.5 km·h-1 vs. TT = 31.5 ± 1.9 km·h-1, p = 0.06). We found, for the first time, an association between the ACTN-3 polymorphism and match-play MRS in elite football players. Our results bring new knowledge to the literature regarding the advantage conferred by the C allele (CC and CT genotypes) of the ACTN-3 polymorphism on sprint performance in football providing perspectives for modulating the speed training program in relation to ACTN-3 genotypes, enhancing performance avoiding muscle lesions.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuromuscular and Performance Responses to Resisted Sprint Loads in Elite Female Sprinters. 优秀女短跑运动员对抗跑负荷的神经肌肉和表现反应。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090327

Mieszko Bartosz-Jeffries, Irineu Loturco, Adam Zając, Adam Maszczyk, Tomás T Freitas, Pedro E Alcaraz, Lucas A Pereira, Artur Gołaś

{"title":"Neuromuscular and Performance Responses to Resisted Sprint Loads in Elite Female Sprinters.","authors":"Mieszko Bartosz-Jeffries, Irineu Loturco, Adam Zając, Adam Maszczyk, Tomás T Freitas, Pedro E Alcaraz, Lucas A Pereira, Artur Gołaś","doi":"10.3390/sports13090327","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090327","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of motorized resisted sprint training (RST) on neuromuscular activation and sprint performance in elite female sprinters. Ten highly trained athletes (age: 23 ± 2.8 years; body mass: 58.3 ± 4.7 kg) performed two maximal 30 m unresisted sprints and six resisted sprints under three different load conditions (i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15% of body mass [BM]), randomized in a counterbalanced design. Surface electromyography (EMG) of eight lower-limb muscles was recorded bilaterally using wearable EMG-integrated shorts. Sprint times were captured using dual-beam photocells, and motorized resistance was applied with the SPRINT 1080 device. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant load-dependent effect on sprint time (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.926), with performance decreasing as resistance increased. However, no significant changes were observed in most muscle groups across load conditions, except for a non-significant trend toward increased left gluteus maximus activity (p = 0.053, η2 = 0.136). Interestingly, greater inter-individual variability in both sprint performance and muscle activation was observed as external loads increased. These findings suggest that elite female sprinters maintain highly stable neuromuscular recruitment patterns, particularly in the quadriceps and hamstrings, when sprinting with external loads up to 15% BM, potentially reflecting a ceiling effect in their neuromuscular responsiveness. From a practical perspective, light-to-moderate RST may effectively stimulate posterior chain muscles without disrupting sprinting mechanics. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the chronic adaptations to motorized RST and to determine whether the observed neuromuscular strategies are consistent across sexes.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473424/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physical Fitness in World-Class Shot Put Para Athletes During Six Months of Training: A Longitudinal Case Report. 世界级铅球残疾人运动员6个月训练期间的身体健康状况：一项纵向病例报告。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090328

Exal Garcia-Carrillo, Nikolaos Zaras, Lawrence W Judge, Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki, Esteban Aedo-Muñoz, Antonio Castillo-Paredes, Jairo Azócar-Gallardo, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo

{"title":"Physical Fitness in World-Class Shot Put Para Athletes During Six Months of Training: A Longitudinal Case Report.","authors":"Exal Garcia-Carrillo, Nikolaos Zaras, Lawrence W Judge, Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki, Esteban Aedo-Muñoz, Antonio Castillo-Paredes, Jairo Azócar-Gallardo, Rodrigo Yáñez-Sepúlveda, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo","doi":"10.3390/sports13090328","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090328","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this longitudinal case report was to assess physical fitness changes in world-class shot put para athletes during six months of training. One male (age: 34.8 years; mass: 96.9 kg; height: 1.79 m; sport class: F42), and one female (age: 45.3 years; mass: 60.1 kg; height: 1.64 m: F54) shot put para-thrower were assessed during a 24-week periodized training program, including strength and power training, throws, and plyometrics. Monthly assessments included competitive shot put throwing performance, the medicine ball throw test, and upper-body maximal strength, while body composition was measured before and after the training period. Shot put throwing performance improved by 10.1% and 1.6% for the male and female athletes, respectively. Similarly, performance in the medicine ball throw test increased by 15.2% and 8.4% for the male and female athletes, respectively. Maximal strength increased by 10.3% (male) and 3.3% (female). Body composition changes included an increased lean mass (2.5%) and reduced sum of six skinfolds (-9.8%) in the male athlete, while the female athlete experienced decreased body mass (-2.5%) and skinfolds (-11.7%). World-class shot put para athletes can improve strength and power through a structured periodized training plan. Monitoring strength and performance indicators monthly effectively tracked training adaptations in elite para athletes.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) and Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. 急性后COVID-19综合征（PACS）和运动干预：随机对照试验的系统综述

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090329

Valentina Presta, Alessandro Guarnieri, Fabiana Laurenti, Salvatore Mazzei, Orsola di Martino, Marco Vitale, Giancarlo Condello

{"title":"Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) and Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Valentina Presta, Alessandro Guarnieri, Fabiana Laurenti, Salvatore Mazzei, Orsola di Martino, Marco Vitale, Giancarlo Condello","doi":"10.3390/sports13090329","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090329","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this systematic review (PROSPERO registration number CRD42024517069) was to investigate the effectiveness of exercise interventions in Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS). We searched on several databases and followed the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). We included randomized controlled trials that evaluate exercise interventions in adults (40-60 years old) diagnosed with PACS. The outcomes of interest were health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and functional fitness. Twenty studies were included after screening. Thirteen and fourteen studies were rated as \"low\" risk for HRQoL and functional fitness outcomes, respectively. Based on the evidence, an 8-week exercise protocol of aerobic training in combination with strength-based and breathing exercises was found to be safe and feasible while improving quality of life and functional fitness in people with PACS. Telerehabilitation can also be an option to avoid contagion and physical contact with the same beneficial effects. Future research should expand the knowledge about other types of exercise (i.e., water-based exercises) with high-quality trials and consider whether findings could be potentially transferable to recovery from a wider spectrum of viral infections.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlation of Body Parameters and Age with Foot Arch Index and Stabilometric Variables in Physically Active Young Males and Females. 运动青年男女足弓指数及稳定性变量与身体参数、年龄的关系

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090324

Marco Alessandria, Irene Pivetta, Goran Kuvacic, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Sonia Angilletta, Andrea De Giorgio

{"title":"Correlation of Body Parameters and Age with Foot Arch Index and Stabilometric Variables in Physically Active Young Males and Females.","authors":"Marco Alessandria, Irene Pivetta, Goran Kuvacic, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Sonia Angilletta, Andrea De Giorgio","doi":"10.3390/sports13090324","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090324","url":null,"abstract":"Postural stability is influenced by several anthropometric factors as well as age. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body height, body mass, BMI, and arch index with stabilometric parameters in physically active young adults. A total of 169 sport science university students participated in the study. Their arch index and their stabilometric parameters were measured using the P-Walk BTS platform. Spearman's rank correlations showed a significant positive correlation between body mass and arch index (r = 0.25, p = 0.001), and BMI and arch index (r = 0.30, p < 0.001). Also, negative correlations were observed between body height and CoP speed (r = -0.22, p = 0.004) and CoP distance (r = -0.23, p = 0.003), as well as body weight and CoP speed (r = -0.17, p = 0.028) and CoP distance (r = -0.19, p = 0.015). Age was negatively correlated to postural sway variables (i.e., CoP distance, CoP area, and CoP speed). The findings suggest that, in physically active people, larger anthropometric values may confer stabilizing advantages, potentially due to increased body volume. Also, the significant correlation of age to stability metrics may highlight enhanced proprioceptive integration or adaptive neural mechanisms. The results highlight the importance of individualised proprioceptive training programmes, particularly for athletes of lower body mass or stature. Future research should extend on the results' potential training and rehabilitative implications.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12474270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Scoping Review of Sport National Concussion Guidelines in Squash. 对壁球运动国家脑震荡指南的范围审查。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090325

Nina Mangan, Neil Heron

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Sport National Concussion Guidelines in Squash.","authors":"Nina Mangan, Neil Heron","doi":"10.3390/sports13090325","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090325","url":null,"abstract":"Squash is a commonly played racquet sport in which players are at risk of concussion injuries. This review aims to identify and assess the squash concussion guidelines in top squash countries. Design: Scoping review. Method: This review follows the framework laid out by Arksey and O'Malley and later advanced by Levac et al. This review adheres to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Eligibility criteria included countries with either a female or male player in the World Squash Federation Top 50 World Rankings in June 2025. This produced a list of twenty-one countries, and seven concussion guidelines were eligible for review. Results: Twenty-one countries matched the inclusion criteria. Canada is the only country identified with a squash-specific concussion guideline. Seven countries had national concussion guidance, and fourteen countries had no national concussion guidance. Conclusions: There is a lack of squash-specific concussion guidelines. The World Squash Federation and national squash organisations should produce squash-specific concussion guidelines that are in line with the Amsterdam Statement and their own respective country's national guidelines. The World Squash Federation should specifically reference concussion in their rules and should strongly consider updating their self-inflicted injury time rules to allow for the suspension of play for up to fifteen minutes if there is a suspected head injury.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic Exercise for Hospitalized Sarcopenic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 治疗性运动对住院肌少症患者的影响：一项系统综述和荟萃分析。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-12 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090326

Olivier Chan-Fook, Javier Martin-Núñez, Julia Raya-Benítez, Alba Navas-Otero, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Marie Carmen Valenza, Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró

{"title":"Therapeutic Exercise for Hospitalized Sarcopenic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Olivier Chan-Fook, Javier Martin-Núñez, Julia Raya-Benítez, Alba Navas-Otero, Irene Cabrera-Martos, Marie Carmen Valenza, Alejandro Heredia-Ciuró","doi":"10.3390/sports13090326","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090326","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcopenia is a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder associated with an impairment of functional status, increasing dependency and mortality. The high prevalence among hospitalized patients has increased interest in active interventions such as exercise; however, the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise in this population remains unclear. This systematic review with a meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic exercises in hospitalized patients diagnosed with or at risk of sarcopenia. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases following PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials assessing therapeutic exercises for sarcopenic or at-risk hospitalized patients were included. Methodological quality was evaluated using the TIDieR Checklist and the ROB2 tool. We performed a meta-analysis addressing muscle strength, physical performance and cognitive function. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 1468 participants. Similar interventions were observed, including mainly resistance and balance exercises. Therapeutic exercises demonstrated significant improvements in physical performance (2.98 (1.13-4.83); p = 0.002; I2 = 99%), muscle strength (2.11 (0.20-4.01); p = 0.03; I2 = 99%) and cognitive function (0.77 (0.25-1.29); p = 0.004; I2 = 98%) across several studies. Therapeutic exercises appear to improve sarcopenic outcomes in hospitalized patients, supporting their role as a non-pharmacological intervention to mitigate sarcopenia-related complications. However, due to the lack of reported muscle mass outcomes, as well as the limited number and methodological quality of the included studies, further well-designed trials are needed to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Considering the Effects of Cannabinoids and Exercise on the Brain: A Narrative Review. 考虑大麻素和运动对大脑的影响：叙述回顾。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090320

Amir Yahya Rajaei, J Patrick Neary, Elizabeth S Thompson, Jyotpal Singh, Cameron S Mang

{"title":"Considering the Effects of Cannabinoids and Exercise on the Brain: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Amir Yahya Rajaei, J Patrick Neary, Elizabeth S Thompson, Jyotpal Singh, Cameron S Mang","doi":"10.3390/sports13090320","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090320","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been rising interest in the use of cannabis and its derivatives as therapeutic tools to support brain health, particularly in athletes. Cannabis-based substances interact with the endogenous cannabinoid (i.e., endocannabinoid) system, which is involved in widespread physiological processes that contribute to brain function. In other work, the benefits of exercise for brain health have been prominently noted. Despite large bodies of work on both cannabinoid and exercise influences on brain function, there is an understudied overlap in their physiological effects that may be especially important in athletic populations regularly engaged in high volumes of exercise. This narrative review describes mechanistic overlaps between cannabinoid and exercise effects on brain function. The literature search was broad, emphasizing research published since 2010 and including randomized clinical trials, observational studies, case studies, preclinical work, both human and animal studies, and information presented in related review articles. The focal point of the current review is the potentially overlapping effects of cannabinoids and exercise on brain function via physiological processes underpinning inflammation, vascular function, and neuroplasticity. Mechanisms are described in detail with consideration of common and contrasting influences of cannabinoids and exercise on the brain. Altogether, the compiled information suggests that indirect and direct interactions between these two therapeutic avenues have potential to introduce additive, synergistic, or opposing effects. Considering such interactions will be critical in optimizing therapeutic strategies involving cannabinoids as they are increasingly applied in the sport sciences and beyond.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of Arch Support Pad Stiffness on Lower-Limb Biomechanics During Single-Leg Landing. 单腿着地时足弓支撑垫刚度对下肢生物力学的影响。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090323

Chu-Hao Li, Qiu-Qiong Shi, Kit-Lun Yick, Ming-Yu Hu, Shi-Wei Mo

{"title":"Effects of Arch Support Pad Stiffness on Lower-Limb Biomechanics During Single-Leg Landing.","authors":"Chu-Hao Li, Qiu-Qiong Shi, Kit-Lun Yick, Ming-Yu Hu, Shi-Wei Mo","doi":"10.3390/sports13090323","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090323","url":null,"abstract":"Arch structure is a crucial interface between the human body and the ground during landing tasks, but the biomechanical effects of arch support stiffness remain insufficiently explored. This study examines the effects of arch supports with different stiffnesses on lower-limb biomechanics during landing. Twelve male participants (six normal arches, six flat feet) performed a single-leg drop landing from a 45 cm height under four arch support conditions: no arch support pad (NAP), soft-stiffness arch support pad (SAP), medium-stiffness arch support pad (MAP), and high-stiffness arch support pad (HAP). Dominant lower-limb joint angles and moments in the sagittal plane and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF)-related parameters-time to peak vGRF, peak vGRF, and max loading rate-were recorded using a motion capture system and force plate. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Arch pad stiffness significantly affected ankle and knee kinematics. The NAP condition exhibited significantly higher ankle plantarflexion at initial contact (p ≤ 0.01), as well as larger range of motion (ROM) of the knee (p = 0.03) and hip (p < 0.01), compared to the use of a SAP or MAP. The use of a HAP resulted in a significantly lower peak ankle dorsiflexion moment and larger peak knee flexion angle than the other conditions (p ≤ 0.04). The peak knee extension moment was the highest when using a NAP, and was significantly higher than that shown with the use of a MAP or HAP (p ≤ 0.02). No significant differences were observed in hip joint moments or vGRF-related parameters across conditions (p ≥ 0.52). These results indicate that hard-stiffness arch support pads modulate lower-limb mechanics during landing, potentially enhancing shock absorption and reducing knee loading.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0