Sports最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of a 24-Week Combined Circuit Training and Mobility Program on the Physical Fitness and Body Composition of an Adult Academic Community.","authors":"Lorenzo Pugliese, Chiara Tuccella, Gabriele Maisto, Emanuele D'Angelo, Simona Delle Monache, Maria Scatigna, Maria Helena Rodrigues Moreira, Valerio Bonavolontà, Maria Giulia Vinciguerra","doi":"10.3390/sports13030079","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Workplace physical activity programs (WPAPs) are increasingly being recognized for improving employee health, though the results remain inconsistent. Universities provide favorable settings for WPAPs. This study examined the effects of a 24-week circuit training and mobility program on the physical fitness (PF) and body composition of university employees. Thirty-eight university employees (9 males and 29 females; 51.5 ± 12.6 years) followed a 24-week training program consisting of two circuit training sessions and one mobility session per week. PF (including cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), grip strength, shoulder mobility, core endurance, lower limb strength, and balance) body composition, anthropometric variables, and physical activity (PA) levels were assessed at baseline (T0), 12 weeks (T1), and 24 weeks (T2). CRF, strength, mobility, and core endurance significantly improved. A body composition analysis indicated a decrease in fat mass and an increase in lean mass at T2. Minor changes were observed in anthropometric variables. Furthermore, PA levels increased throughout the intervention. The 24-week WPAP improved the PF and body composition of university employees.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945721/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Effects on Well-Trained Athletes' Endurance Performance: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Aitor Alberdi-Garciandia, Jordan Santos-Concejero","doi":"10.3390/sports13030078","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) has been found to improve different cardiopulmonary-related variables that ultimately enhance endurance performance. The main goal of this systematic review was to analyze the hematological, physiological, and performance effects (both maximal and submaximal) of rHuEPO in well-trained endurance athletes. A literature search was conducted in three different databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) on 20 January 2025; including studies published from 1 January 2010 to the search date. After analyzing 985 resultant articles and 5 records identified outside of the databases through citation tracking, 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the systematic review. We found that, regardless of the total dose of rHuEPO used, this substance improves the main hematological (total hemoglobin mass, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit) and physiological (maximal oxygen uptake and peak oxygen uptake) parameters, while the maximal performance-related parameters (mainly, maximal power output, and peak power output) also tend to increase. However, further research is needed to determine if rHuEPO can also improve submaximal parameters, which are also major determinants of performance in endurance sports.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a 30 K Military Loaded Carriage on the Neuromuscular System in Spanish Army Marines.","authors":"Beltrán Cáceres-Diego, Cristian Marín-Pagán, Pablo Martínez de Baños, Pedro E Alcaraz","doi":"10.3390/sports13030076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infantry soldiers must cover long distances carrying heavy and bulky combat equipment. Since the beginning of their training, Spanish Marines have undergone this characteristic and demanding test. However, little is known about its effects on neuromuscular function and recovery in the days following the test. Twenty-six Spanish Marines completed the test, three of whom suffered injuries and had to withdraw from the study, resulting in a final sample of twenty-three Marines. These participants underwent evaluations before (pre), immediately after (post), and 24 and 48 h post-exercise, following a 30 km endurance march carrying their 34 kg combat equipment. A repeated-measures ANOVA, paired-samples <i>t</i>-test, and effect size (ES) analysis were conducted; the results are presented as mean ± SD. The significance level was set at <i>p</i> ≤ 0.05. The variables and <i>p</i>-values of changes over time are presented. Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) (<i>p</i> = 0.004), countermovement jump (CMJ) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), rating of fatigue scale (ROF) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), maximum pull-ups in two minutes (PUmax) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), body mass (BM) (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), hand grip strength (HGS): dominant (<i>p</i> = 0.180) and non-dominant (<i>p</i> = 0.616), and incident reports (IRPE) showed a significant increase over time and between the first 10 km and last 5 km in fatigue, muscle pain, joint pain, shortness of breath, excessive sweating (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001), and muscle tremors (<i>p</i> = 0.028), except for palpitations (<i>p</i> = 0.189). In conclusion, the results indicate that the test had a significant impact on neuromuscular function, with no recovery observed in overall strength and lower limb power after 48 h, even though their perceived fatigue decreased substantially. The resilient spirit of operational military units and their philosophy of always being ready for combat could increase the injury rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Context Matters: Extra-Personal Factors Underlying Concussion Reporting in University Athletes.","authors":"William Archambault, Dave Ellemberg","doi":"10.3390/sports13030077","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gaps remain in our understanding of <i>which</i> factors contribute to concussion disclosure and <i>how</i> they contribute to this process, thereby limiting our ability to improve disclosure. This study aimed to characterize the most relevant extra-personal determinants of SC disclosure and to describe their influence on the disclosure process. To that aim, the first author conducted substantive qualitative interviews with nine university student-athletes and analyzed their content via constant comparative analysis (guided by Straussian grounded theory). Eleven (11) extra-personal concepts influencing concussion reporting were identified and described across two categories: <i>Contextual Incentives</i> and <i>Socio-Cultural Pressures</i>. These findings suggest that each identified concept can individually shape the context around the injury, creating either higher-stakes conditions that deter disclosure or lower-stakes conditions that encourage it. Further, the results posit that these concepts interact and collectively influence athletes' decision-making process by modulating the perceived stakes of disclosing a concussion. If these findings hold true in more diverse populations and contexts, they suggest that adapting concussion prevention efforts to consider these contextual variables could improve SC disclosure. This study also highlights the benefits of using qualitative methods in the investigation of concussion reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanics and Sports Performances.","authors":"Valerio Giustino, Antonino Patti","doi":"10.3390/sports13030073","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomechanics is the application of the principles of mechanics to humans; that is, the study of the motion of bodies and the causes that determine it [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topics of Study in Under-18 Padel Categories: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Iván Martín-Miguel, Diego Muñoz, Rafael Conde-Ripoll, Álvaro Bustamante-Sánchez, Bernardino J Sánchez-Alcaraz, Adrián Escudero-Tena","doi":"10.3390/sports13030075","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this scoping review was to examine the existing literature on padel among young players (under 18) and classify its main research areas. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 16 studies on teaching methodologies, psychological characteristics, physiological demands, physical attributes, and gameplay parameters. This review provides the first comprehensive synthesis of research on youth padel. The findings suggest that a search-based teaching methodology enhances skill acquisition more effectively than traditional methods. Modifying the court dimensions (20 × 10 m to 10 × 6 m) and ball pressure optimizes learning in early training (~8-10 years). At advanced levels, training with professional players increases motivation and performance. The psychological analysis shows higher self-confidence and lower cognitive and somatic anxiety, with boys exhibiting greater somatic anxiety than girls, highlighting the need for sex-specific psychological strategies. The physiological findings establish reference values, with a higher VO2max in boys and younger players. In physical performance, boys outperform girls in terms of jump height and strength, while girls excel in agility. The gameplay analysis reveals that the rally duration increases with the skill level (7-9 s in beginners, 9-12 s in national players), the stroke frequency varies by level (from 4 at initiation level to 6-9 at regional and national levels), and there are differences in specific technical actions (forehand and backhand for initiation level, volleys for advanced level, and bandeja to finish points). From a practical standpoint, these insights can help coaches to tailor training strategies by considering a player's age, sex, and competitive level, optimizing youth padel performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sprinters' and Marathon Runners' Performances Are Better Explained by Muscle Fibers' Percentage Cross-Sectional Area than Any Other Parameter of Muscle Fiber Composition.","authors":"Spyridon Methenitis, Angeliki-Nikoletta Stasinaki, Thomas Mpampoulis, Constantinos Papadopoulos, Giorgos Papadimas, Nikolaos Zaras, Gerasimos Terzis","doi":"10.3390/sports13030074","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between muscle fiber type variables and sprinting, jumping, strength, power and endurance performances in sprinters and marathon runners. Furthermore, the study explored which muscle fiber type variable influences athletes' performance the most and which variable discriminates sprinters from marathon runners. Body composition, vastus lateralis muscle fiber composition, sprinting, jumping, strength, maximum isometric force, rate of force development and endurance performance were assessed in well-trained sprinters (n = 15; age: 24.7 ± 4.1 years; body mass: 82.7 ± 8.8 kg; body fat: 11.3 ± 4.2%) and marathon runners (n = 15; age: 26.1 ± 3.2 years; body mass: 69.7 ± 4.3 kg; body fat: 9.5 ± 3.3%). Significant correlations were observed between muscle fiber composition variables and performances (r = -0.848 to 0.902; <i>p</i> < 0.05), with percentage cross-sectional areas (%CSAs) showing the strongest associations. Regression analyses confirmed %CSAs as the strongest predictors of performance (R²: 0.796-0.978; <i>p</i> < 0.001; B coefficients: -0.293-0.985), while discriminant analysis accurately differentiated sprinters from marathon runners (100%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) by only using athletes' muscle fibers' %CSAs. In conclusion, muscle fibers' %CSAs may be the most critical variables for explaining and distinguishing sprinters' and marathon runners' performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations of the Autonomic Nervous System and Body Composition After 8 Weeks of Specific Training and Nutritional Re-Education in Amateur Muay Thai Fighters: A Clinical Trial.","authors":"Antonio Beira de Andrade Junior, Elena Marie Peixoto Ruthes de Andrade, Guilherme Rodrigues de Souza, Agnaldo José Lopes","doi":"10.3390/sports13030072","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Considering that the nervous system regulates cardiac autonomic modulation (CAM) and that low CAM is associated with poorer performance, it is essential to evaluate the effects of training to increase parasympathetic modulation in Muay Thai (MT) fighters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week intervention based on strength training and nutritional counseling on performance, CAM, and nutritional status in amateur MT fighters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a longitudinal and interventional study in which 22 MT fighters underwent a strength training program and nutritional protocol. Before and after the intervention, they underwent the ten-second frequency speed of kick test (FSKT-10s), multiple frequency speed of kick test (FSKT-mult), bioimpedance analysis (BIA), and assessment of heart rate variability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention, there was an increase in the number of kicks in both FSKT-10s and FSKT-mult (<i>p</i> = 0.0008 and <i>p</i> = 0.032, respectively). In BIA, there was a significant increase in both fat-free mass and basal metabolic rate (<i>p</i> = 0.031 and <i>p</i> = 0.020, respectively). After the intervention, significant increases were observed during the physical test in the following variables that denote improvement in parasympathetic modulation: square root of the mean squared differences of successive RR intervals (<i>p</i> = 0.005); percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference in duration greater than 50 ms (<i>p</i> = 0.002); high frequency range (<i>p</i> < 0.0001); and standard deviation measuring the dispersion of points in the plot perpendicular to the line of identity (<i>p</i> = 0.004).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In amateur MT fighters, an intervention with strength training and nutritional guidance is able to improve CAM through greater parasympathetic activation. Furthermore, there is an improvement in performance and body composition after the intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Reliability of a Novel Eye Tracking Test to Measure Fatigue in Athletes.","authors":"Anthea Clarke, Clare MacMahon, Todd Pickering, Matthew Driller","doi":"10.3390/sports13030071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The study had two objectives: first, to assess the intra- and inter-day reliability of a novel eye tracking device (EyeGuide Focus) in healthy adults; and second, to explore its applicability in measuring fatigue associated with physical strain, pre- and post-rugby match. These objectives were investigated in a two-part study. <b>Methods:</b> For Part A, 20 healthy participants (<i>M</i>_age ± SD = 30 ± 7 years) completed morning and afternoon testing with the EyeGuide Focus over two consecutive days (Day 1 and Day 2) and one day a week later (Day 8). For Part B, 12 female participants (<i>M</i>_age ± SD <i>=</i> 25 ± 5 years) completed EyeGuide Focus measurements pre- and post-rugby union match. <b>Results:</b> The results indicate moderate-to-high intra-day and inter-day reliability (ICCs 0.58-0.79). Fatigue induced by a rugby union match did not significantly alter EyeGuide Focus scores (<i>p</i> > 0.05), suggesting stability in measurements despite physical exertion. <b>Conclusions:</b> The sensitivity of the EyeGuide Focus to minor variations in fatigue warrants further investigation as a tool to aid monitoring and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143732959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intensity vs. Volume in Professional Soccer: Comparing Congested and Non-Congested Periods in Competitive and Training Contexts Using Worst-Case Scenarios.","authors":"Tom Douchet, Antoine Michel, Julien Verdier, Nicolas Babault, Marius Gosset, Benoit Delaval","doi":"10.3390/sports13030070","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Understanding the balance between intensity and volume during training and competition is crucial for optimizing players' performance and recovery in professional soccer. While worst-case scenarios (WCSs) are commonly used to assess peak match demands, little is known about how the time spent within WCS thresholds varies across congested and non-congested periods, especially when considering differences in playing time. This study examines the time spent at different percentages of WCSs during congested and non-congested periods for players with lower and higher playing times throughout training sessions and matches. <b>Methods:</b> Data were collected from a professional soccer team across a congested and non-congested match period. Twenty players were divided into two groups based on playing time: the top 10 playing times (PT 1-10) and the bottom 10 playing times (PT 11-20). WCS thresholds for total distance (TD) and the distance covered above 20 km·h^-1 (D20) were quantified in 10% increments, starting from 50% and increasing up to >100%. The time spent at each threshold was compared between periods and groups for the integrated soccer exercises performed during all training sessions. Repeated measures of ANOVA were used to analyze differences between playing time groups and periods. <b>Results:</b> During training, players spent significantly more time within the 50-90% WCS TD and WCS D20 thresholds during non-congested periods compared to congested periods (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the time spent for >90% of the WCSs between periods (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Both PT 1-10 and PT 11-20 groups exhibited similar patterns of WCS achievement, with small effect sizes observed for a few indicators. <b>Conclusion:</b> Coaches should design training sessions that replicate or exceed match demands, particularly during non-congested periods. Future strategies should integrate larger-sided games with longer durations and dissociated contents to better individualize and optimize training loads, especially for non-starters.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}