Sports最新文献

{"title":"The Epidemiology of Injuries and Illnesses During SailGP Season 4: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Thomas Fallon, Hélène Rousselon, Neil Heron","doi":"10.3390/sports13030069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sailing is a high-intensity sport that demands a combination of physical strength, endurance, and technical skill. Sail Grand Prix (SailGP), inaugurated in 2019, epitomises a transformative approach to professional sailing. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of injury and illness epidemiology among SailGP elite sailors, comparing injury and illness types and locations across different sailing activities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study analysed injury and illness data from professional sailors throughout season 4 (2023/2024) of the professional sailing league. Data were collected on the number of hours spent in training, racing, and foiling, alongside injury reports, categorising injury types and locations. Incidence rates were calculated per 1000 h of sailing and 365 athlete days. Injuries were stratified by sex, position on the boat, and specific sailing activities to provide a detailed comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 100 sailors participated in the Sail GP 2024 season, accumulating 4919.84 h of recorded sailing activity: 2186.03 h in racing and 2733.80 h in training. The overall injury incidence rate was 9.96 per 1000 h of activity (95% CI: 7.17-12.75) and 7.43 per 365 athlete days (95% CI: 4.99-9.86). The injury rate was notably higher for foiling at 26.52 per 1000 h (95% CI: 19.09-33.94) compared to general sailing at 14.51 per 1000 h (95% CI: 10.44-18.57). Racing posed a greater injury risk than training, with an injury rate of 11.89 per 1000 h (95% CI: 7.77-16.46) compared to 8.41 per 1000 h for training (95% CI: 5.12-12.07). Grinders had the greatest rate of injuries at 3.86 (2.24, 5.69) injuries per 1000 h of sailing. The illness incidence rate was 5.14 per 1000 h (95% CI: 3.21-7.28), with respiratory illnesses being the most frequently reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the injury and illness risks amongst elite sailors in Sail GP. Males were at higher risk of injury, with the position of grinders being the most commonly injured. Ankle and knee injuries were the most prevalent. Future research should focus on developing sport-specific injury prevention programmes and examining long-term outcomes in sailors.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Traditional Resistance Training on Hormonal Responses in Young Women: A 10-Week Intervention Study.","authors":"Wael Ramadan, Chrysovalantou E Xirouchaki, Abdel-Hady El-Gilany","doi":"10.3390/sports13030067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hormonal levels in women are influenced by exercise intensity and modality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This 10-week study compared high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) in 72 young women. Hormonal levels (estrogen, testosterone, FSH, prolactin, and LH) were measured pre- and post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant increases in estrogen (HIIT: 150%; TRT: 72.3%) and decreases in testosterone (HIIT: 58%; TRT: 49%), FSH (HIIT: 6%; TRT: 7.7%), and PL (HIIT: 5%; TRT: 2.1%). There are no significant changes in LH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HIIT and TRT effectively modulate hormonal profiles, potentially benefiting reproductive and metabolic health.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity Intensity and Learning Strategies in Students Aged 10 to 16: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Jose Luis Solas-Martínez, Alba Rusillo-Magdaleno, Alberto Ruiz-Ariza, Emilio J Martínez-López","doi":"10.3390/sports13030068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzed the relationship between time spent on daily physical activity at different intensities (light, moderate, and vigorous) and learning strategies in adolescents. The sample included 147 Spanish adolescents (62% girls, 13.61 ± 1.95 years). Learning strategies were assessed using the <i>Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire</i> (MSLQ), while physical activity intensity was recorded via the Xiaomi Mi Band 4 smartband, which measured heart rate (HR). HR was categorized into light (rest-50% max HR), moderate (50-70% max HR), and vigorous (70-85% max HR). Adolescents who engaged in moderate-intensity activities for 46-62 min daily showed the highest scores in elaboration, critical thinking, and metacognitive self-regulation, with girls also excelling in effort regulation (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). Among boys, 3-6 min of vigorous activity per day was linked to higher scores in elaboration, organization, critical thinking, peer learning, and rehearsal. Conversely, girls engaging in less than 3 min of vigorous activity obtained the highest scores in critical thinking and peer learning (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). It is recommended that students engage in 60 min of daily moderate-intensity physical activity. Additionally, short 5-min vigorous-intensity sessions should be encouraged in both boys and girls to enhance learning benefits and reduce social barriers to high-intensity exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945511/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Home-Based Stretching and Strengthening Training for Improving Flexibility, Strength, and Physical Function in Older Adults with Leg Tightness and/or Suspected Sarcopenia.","authors":"Pornpimol Muanjai, Sirawee Chaovalit, Nongnuch Luangpon, Wirasinee Srijunto, Pongrung Chancharoen, Juntip Namsawang, Piyapong Prasertsri, Sigitas Kamandulis, Tomas Venckunas, Orachorn Boonla","doi":"10.3390/sports13030065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of flexibility or strengthening exercises to improve flexibility, strength, muscle architecture, and functional performance in older adults with leg tightness and/or suspected sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety adults with leg tightness and/or suspected sarcopenia (age: 66.8 ± 4.9 years) were randomly allocated to two subtypes of intervention at home: resistance-band exercise (RE) or eccentric exercise (ECC) for those with weakness; static or dynamic stretching for those with tightness; and static stretching plus ECC or no exercise for those with both muscle tightness and weakness. The program consisted of 3-6 weekly sessions over eight weeks. Blinded outcome assessments before and after the eight-week program and at the three-month follow-up included mobility performance via Timed Up-and-Go (TUG), and flexibility and strength tests, as well as measurement of stiffness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups had increased peak torque after eight weeks and improved TUG at the three-month follow-up (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Improved plantar flexor strength persisted at the three-month follow-up (<i>p</i> = 0.009). In addition, the RE and ECC groups had increased muscle thickness by 4.0 and 8.7% after eight weeks (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Hamstring flexibility increased in all exercise groups, except the RE group. Moreover, all six groups showed improved calf flexibility, whereas no changes in stiffness were noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increases in mobility performance, strength, and flexibility appeared due to learning effects and increased physical activity, rather than the specific training impact. However, strength-based programs may be recommended for older adults with suspected sarcopenia, as they provide additional benefits, such as short-lasting muscle hypertrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Adding Facial Immersion to Chest-Level Water Immersion on Vagally-Mediated Heart Rate Variability.","authors":"Tina L Baus, Stefan P Ackermann, Sylvain Laborde","doi":"10.3390/sports13030064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown that both facial immersion and head-out water immersion up to the chest (HOIC) positively influence cardiac vagal activity, as indexed non-invasively through vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). While facial immersion activates the diving reflex, HOIC induces effects via hydrostatic pressure, each engaging distinct physiological mechanisms. This study aims to investigate whether combining facial immersion with HOIC results in an additional increase in vmHRV. In total, the vmHRV [log10RMSSD] of 37 participants (14 females, <i>M_age</i> = 23.8; <i>SD_age</i> = 4.4 years) was assessed under two conditions, with resting and recovery measurements taken before and after each condition. The first condition involved HOIC alone (<i>M</i> = 1.97, <i>SD</i> = 0.27), followed by HOIC combined with facial immersion (<i>M</i> = 1.87, <i>SD</i> = 0.29). HOIC alone significantly increased RMSSD compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, no additional increase was observed when facial immersion was added (<i>p</i> = 0.436). This suggests that, while HOIC effectively increases vmHRV, the addition of facial immersion does not provide any further enhancement under the conditions tested. Potential methodological limitations, such as the absence of breath holding, variability in immersion depth, and the use of thermoneutral water temperatures, may have influenced the outcomes and warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximising Triathlon Health and Performance: The State of the Art.","authors":"Veronica Vleck, Maria Francesca Piacentini","doi":"10.3390/sports13030066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is with great pleasure that Professor Piacentini and I present this closing Editorial for the Special Issue of Sports on \"Maximising Triathlon Health and Performance: The State of the Art\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rule Modification's Effects on the Feedback Type Given by Coaches at Young Football Levels.","authors":"Lidia Martinez-Jiménez, Ricardo André Birrento-Aguiar, Verónica Marco-Cramer, Enrique Ortega-Toro","doi":"10.3390/sports13030063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An adapted competition should create a favourable environment to tailor the feedback provided to the needs of young athletes. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of rule modification on the type of feedback given by coaches to young football players.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study sample consisted of four under-10 male coaches from four Spanish teams. The analysis was conducted using a quasi-experimental A-B design, in which two tournaments were played: Tournament 1 with the official Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) rules and Tournament 2 with rule modifications. All the feedback provided by the group of coaches during the two tournaments was recorded, yielding a total of 4.386 for Tournament 1 and 3.728 for Tournament 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that in both tournaments, the predominant feedback from the coaches was individual, prescriptive, affective, and non-valuable. However, they indicated that the orientation of the feedback and its autonomy positively varied during the adapted competition. The data obtained align with the results of other studies on the type of feedback given by coaches, despite some differing from scientific recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It can be concluded that the modified rule competition promoted changes in the type of feedback provided by the coaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological Performance: How Mental Health Drives Attentional Function in University-Level Football Athletes.","authors":"Sacha Assadourian, Dima Daher, Catherine Leclerc, Antony Branco Lopes, Arnaud Saj","doi":"10.3390/sports13030061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This preliminary study investigates the potential relationship between electrophysiological profiles measured by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and attentional performance in 34 university American football players. QEEG data revealed patterns associated with burnout, chronic pain, and insomnia among the athletes. Attentional performance was generally average, but players exhibited faster reaction times in the alertness task without warning, fewer errors in the sustained attention task, and lower scores in the divided attention task, favoring visual information over auditory information. Significant negative correlations emerged between QEEG profiles associated with burnout, ADHD, depression, and anxiety and specific attentional subcomponents. These findings suggest a link between mental health-related brain activity and attentional performance. In a clinical context, they emphasize the need for early detection and intervention in mental health problems. This might improve cognitive performance and well-being in athletes. However, due to the small sample size and the lack of a control group, these results are considered preliminary, and further research is required to confirm and expand on these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Task-Oriented Basketball Training on Motor Skill-Related Fitness in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder.","authors":"Faiçal Farhat, Achraf Ammar, Nourhen Mezghani, Mohamed Moncef Kammoun, Khaled Trabelsi, Adnene Gharbi, Lassad Sallemi, Haithem Rebai, Wassim Moalla, Bouwien Smits-Engelsman","doi":"10.3390/sports13030062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. DCD is classified as a motor learning deficit because it interferes with the ability to learn and automate movement skills. There is a lack of information on how these children acquire complex motor skills relevant to their daily recreational or sports activities. Evidence to guide physical trainers, educators, and health professionals to select an effective type of training to improve physical fitness for children with poor motor coordination is scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of an 8-week task-oriented basketball training program on motor coordination and motor skill-related fitness for DCD children in the school context. Motor performance and motor skill-related fitness were evaluated before and after the intervention using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and Performance and Fitness Test Battery (PERF-FIT). A total of 52 children with DCD aged 8 to 9 were invited to join the intervention. Parents of 18 children accepted for their child to participate in the training program. In the remaining children, 20 identified as the most similar based on the diagnostic criteria for DCD (DSM-5) and anthropometric features (age, BMI) and were asked to participate as the usual care group. The difference in improvement on the MABC-2 and the PERF-FIT between the two groups on the two test occasions was compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Within-group pre-post comparison on these test items was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Significant differences in all performance scores were found in favor of the training group. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the DCD training group improved significantly on MABC-2 total and subscores (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and on all PERF-FIT items (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant changes were found on any of the test items in the DCD usual care group. Group-based training in a more natural environment (playing games with peers in school) might help children with DCD as an adjunct to or before individual therapy. Based on our findings, we believe it is possible to work in large groups (<i>n</i> = 18), led by trained physical education teachers and special educators, to lessen the impact of motor coordination and physical fitness problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders so that they can participate more easily in active games. Results of the usual care group showed that extra instruction and practice are needed for children with DCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Resistance Training Modalities on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Lucas Vieira Santos, Karla Raphaela da Silva Ramos Freitas, Eveline Torres Pereira, Luciano Bernardes Leite, Pedro Forte, Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de Oliveira, Osvaldo Costa Moreira","doi":"10.3390/sports13020060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13020060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety and depression are prevalent after spinal cord injury, impairing social participation and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT), flywheel resistance training (FWRT), and high-velocity resistance training (HVRT) on the mental health and quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two participants were divided into TRT (n = 12), FWRT (n = 8), and HVRT (n = 12) groups, undergoing 8 weeks of upper-limb training twice weekly under super-vision. Training intensity and volume were progressively increased. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and SF-36 Questionnaire were used to assess outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the TRT and FWRT groups showed a reduction in HADS-D scores post-intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The TRT group also presented a significant reduction in HADS-A scores post-intervention (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Concerning quality of life, after training, TRT showed improvements in social functioning (<i>p</i> = 0.013), FWRT improved scores in physical functioning (<i>p</i> = 0.002), bodily pain (<i>p</i> = 0.002), vitality (<i>p</i> = 0.046), and role emotional (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while HVRT enhanced role physical (<i>p</i> < 0.001), social functioning (<i>p</i> = 0.013), and role emotional (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, TRT was the most effective in reducing anxiety and depression and enhancing quality of life, while FWRT showed notable gains in physical and functional capacity. HVRT demonstrated improvements primarily in role physical but was less effective in other domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}