Sports最新文献

{"title":"The Efficacy of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence in Female Athletes: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Andrea Demeco, Giulia Bartocci, Noemi Astore, Beatrice Vignali, Antonello Salerno, Stefano Palermi, Ruben Foresti, Chiara Martini, Cosimo Costantino","doi":"10.3390/sports12120338","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Urinary incontinence (UI) prevalence reaches the 80% rate in female athletes involved in high-impact sports. In this context, although conservative treatment represents the first therapeutic choice, there is still a lack of knowledge on the efficacy of conservative programs in young female athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of pelvic floor rehabilitation in the treatment of UI in young nulliparous female athletes. We performed a literature search using PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection of articles was conducted using a specific search string: \"[((pelvic floor dysfunction) OR (urinary incontinence) OR (dyspareunia) OR (dysuria)) AND ((sport) OR (sports)) AND ((female) OR (woman) OR (women) OR (girl)) AND ((rehabilitation) OR (rehab) OR (pelvic rehabilitation) OR (exercise))]\". The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO with the ID CRD42024559990. A total of 1018 articles were found in all searches of the databases. After removing duplicates, 663 papers were reviewed in terms of title and abstract. Finally, a total of six studies were included in the present review. The results of this review show that conservative treatment with a personalised pelvic floor muscle training program (PFMTP) represents an effective treatment for UI, decreasing urine loss and improving maximum voluntary pelvic contraction; this is linked with an improvement in quality of life and sports performance, in particular when supervised by a physical therapist. Moreover, due to the reluctance of athletes to talk about UI, an educational program should be considered as part of a prevention programme in pre-season training.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Drop Jump Training on Physical Fitness in Highly Trained Young Male Volleyball Players: Comparing Maximal Rebound Height and Standard Drop Height Training.","authors":"Raouf Hammami, Karim Ben Ayed, Yassine Negra, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Michael Duncan, Haithem Rebai, Urs Granacher","doi":"10.3390/sports12120336","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drop height has previously been used as an effective programming parameter in plyometric jump training. Less is known about the usage of maximal rebound jump height from a distinct drop height as a parameter for individualized plyometric jump training. Hence, the aim of this study was to contrast the effects of two different drop jump (DJ) training modalities using either the individualized maximal rebound height (MRHT) or a standard (SDHT) drop height on selected measures of physical fitness in young volleyball players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty male young volleyball players aged 14 to 16 years were randomly assigned to an MRHT (<i>n</i> = 15) or an SDHT (<i>n</i> = 15) group. The MRHT group performed DJ exercises using a drop height according to the individual's maximal rebound jump height from 30 cm, 40 cm, and 50 cm drop heights. The SDHT group performed DJs following a standardized drop height (30 cm) across the 8-week intervention period. The overall training volume was similar between MRHT and SDHT with one to three sets of 8 to 10 repetitions of DJ exercises per session. Before and after training, jump height and the reactive strength index (RSI) were taken as dependent variables from 30, 40, and 50 cm drop heights. In addition, dynamic balance (Y-balance test) as well as linear sprint and change-of-direction (CoD) speed were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group × time interactions were found for jump height, balance, RSI, and linear sprint (<i>p</i> < 0.001; d = 0.12-3.42) but not CoD speed. Post hoc tests showed significant jump height improvements in favor of the MRHT group for drop heights from 30 cm (Δ20.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 3.69), 40 cm (Δ20.3%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 2.90), and 50 cm (Δ18.3%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 3.37) and RSI50 (Δ30.14%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 2.29). MRHT but not SDHT resulted in significant 5 m (Δ9.2%, <i>p</i> < 0.001, d = 1.32) and 20 m (Δ7.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.01, d = 2.30) linear sprint speed improvements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings demonstrate that MRHT but not SDHT improved DJ height, RSI, and linear sprint speed. Due to the importance of vertical jumps and short accelerations for overall competitive performance in volleyball, our results suggest that young male players should perform MRHT as part of plyometric jump training if the goal is to improve acceleration, reactive strength, and vertical jump performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Physical Activity and Exercise Recommendations for Public Health: Inconsistent Activity Messages Are Being Conveyed to the General Public.","authors":"Vincent J Dalbo, Michael A Carron","doi":"10.3390/sports12120335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12120335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the similarities and differences between government-supported public health activity recommendations from the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Health Service (NHS), the Department of Health and Aged Care (DHAC), and one of the most renowned public health activity recommendations, the 10,000 Steps Program. The findings derived from our evaluation suggest a lack of consistency in public health activity recommendations, including the nomenclature used to describe aerobic activity, the amount of time required per week to meet the minimum recommendation for moderate and vigorous activity, and variations in the intensities required to meet aerobic activity recommendations. We also found that moderate-intensity activity (3.0 to less than 6.0 METS) is achieved across the lifespan with normal (i.e., mean), rather than vigorous, walking speeds; this suggests the MET level for moderate-intensity activity may need to be re-examined. The suggested strength activities must also be considered to ensure that the activities maintain or improve strength in the general public. Among the reviewed recommendations, none distinguished between physical activity and exercise, which may contribute to the low levels of exercise participation among the general public. Since exercise is medicine, the most recognized government-supported public health activity recommendations should place a greater emphasis on exercise over physical activity. Moreover, given the low levels of activity in the general public, more care should be given to provide a consistent, clear, and direct message regarding activity recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliometric Study on the Evolution of Women's Football and Determinants Behind Its Growth over the Last 30 Years.","authors":"Javier Ventaja-Cruz, Jesús M Cuevas Rincón, Virginia Tejada-Medina, Ricardo Martín-Moya","doi":"10.3390/sports12120333","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The evolution of women's football over the past three decades has been remarkable in terms of development, visibility, and acceptance, transforming into a discipline with growing popularity and professionalization. Significant advancements in gender equality and global visibility have occurred, and the combination of emerging talent, increasing commercial interest, and institutional support will continue to drive the growth and consolidation of women's football worldwide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The purpose of this study was to present a bibliometric analysis of articles on the evolution of women's football in terms of scientific production as well as its causes and motivations over the past 30 years (1992-2024). A total of 128 documents indexed in the Web of Science database were reviewed. Outcome measures were analyzed using RStudio version 4.3.1 (Viena, Austria) software and the Bibliometrix data package to evaluate productivity indicators including the number of articles published per year, most productive authors, institutions, countries, and journals as well as identify the most cited articles and common topics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scientific production on women's football has shown sustained growth, particularly since 2010. Key research areas have focused on injury prevention, physical performance, psychosocial factors, motivation, and leadership. The United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain have emerged as the most productive countries in this field, with strong international collaboration reflected in co-authorship networks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed a clear correlation between the evolution of women's football and the increase in scientific production, providing a strong foundation for future research on emerging topics such as the importance of psychological factors, sport motivation and emotional well-being on performance, gender differences at the physiological and biomechanical levels, or misogyny in social networks, thus promoting comprehensive development in this sport modality.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Three Protocols for Determining Barbell Bench Press Single Repetition Maximum, Barbell Kinetics, and Subsequent Measures of Muscular Performance in Resistance-Trained Adults.","authors":"Matthew T Stratton, Austin T Massengale, Riley A Clark, Kaitlyn Evenson-McMurtry, Morgan Wormely","doi":"10.3390/sports12120334","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One repetition maximum (1RM) is a vital metric for exercise professionals, but various testing protocols exist, and their impacts on the resulting 1RM, barbell kinetics, and subsequent muscular performance testing are not well understood. This study aimed to compare two previously established protocols and a novel self-led method for determining bench press 1RM, 1RM barbell kinetics, and subsequent muscular performance measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four resistance-trained males (n = 12, 24 ± 6.1 years) and females (n = 12, 22.5 ± 5.5 years) completed three laboratory visits in a randomized crossover fashion. During each visit, a 1RM was established using one of the three protocols followed by a single set to volitional fatigue using 80% of their 1RM. A Sex:Protocol repeated measures ANOVA was used to determine the effects of sex and differences between protocols.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed between the protocols for any measure, except for 1RM peak power (<i>p</i> = 0.036). Post hoc pairwise comparisons failed to identify any differences. Males showed significantly higher 1RM, average, and peak power (<i>p</i>s < 0.001), while females demonstrated a greater average concentric velocity (<i>p</i> = 0.031) at 1RM.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data suggest the protocol used to establish 1RM may have minimal impact on the final 1RM, 1RM barbell kinetics, and subsequent muscular endurance in a laboratory setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Intraset Rest Periods on External and Internal Load During Small-Sided Games in Soccer.","authors":"Ioannis Ispirlidis, Dimitrios Pantazis, Athanasios Poulios, Alexandra Avloniti, Theodoros Stampoulis, Yiannis Michailidis, Konstantinos Troupkos, Evangelos Evangelou, Dimitrios Draganidis, Dimitrios Balampanos, Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis, Maria Protopapa, Nikolaos Mantzouranis, Nikolaos Zaras, Maria Michalopoulou, Ioannis G Fatouros, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou","doi":"10.3390/sports12120331","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to compare the internal and external load in continuous and intermittent small-sided games (SSG) formats. Eight semi-professional soccer players participated in the study, and they completed three protocols: (a) I-intermittent SSG protocol (Int-I, 4 sets of 4 min with a 3 min recovery); (b) Continuous SSG protocol (Con, 2 sets of 8 min with a 3 min recovery); (c) II-SSG protocol (Int-II, 4 sets of 4 min, where each set includes 1 min of exercise with varying recovery periods (10, 20, 30 s), with a 3 min recovery period between sets). A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the dependent variables, with significance determined at <i>p</i> < 0.05. The three protocols differed in total distance covered and in distance covered at speeds >19 km/h, with the Int-II protocol resulting in the greatest distance covered (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, players in the Con protocol exercised at a higher percentage of their maximum heart rate (%HRmax) (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the highest RPE value was observed in the Int-I interval protocol (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The external load experienced by players in intermittent SSG protocols is higher, while internal load (%HRmax) remains relatively low. This effect is especially notable in the new intermittent exercise model proposed in this study, which incorporates progressively increasing recovery times within each exercise set. Coaches can use this model to increase players' external load without causing a heightened perception of fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11728832/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior on Well-Being and Self-Rated Health of Italian Public Health Medical Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The PHRASI Study.","authors":"Alessandro Catalini, Giuseppa Minutolo, Marta Caminiti, Angela Ancona, Claudia Cosma, Veronica Gallinoro, Vincenza Gianfredi","doi":"10.3390/sports12120332","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High workloads and extended work shift greatly limit the opportunities for medical residents to adopt a healthy lifestyle by practicing regular physical exercise. Using data from the Public Health Residents' Anonymous Survey in Italy (PHRASI), this research assessed the associations between physical activity levels and sedentary behavior, well-being, and self-rated health among Italian public health residents (PHRs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a cross-sectional design, this study utilized the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the WHO-5 Well-being Index, and the single-item self-rated health to measure physical activity, sedentary behavior, self-rated health, and well-being among PHRs. The study included 379 PHRs. Multiple logistic regressions adjusted for age and sex were applied to explore the associations among the variables of interest. While 74% of PHRs were sufficiently active, 50% reported good well-being. We found a positive association between physical activity (specifically walking and intense activities) and well-being (aOR 1.292, <i>p</i> = 0.032). At the same time, sedentary behavior was negatively associated with self-rated health (aOR 0.948, <i>p</i> = 0.022) and well-being (aOR 0.945, <i>p</i> = 0.005). This study contributes valuable insights into the role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in PHRs' mental health, calling for targeted public health strategies to support their well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a Three-Month Training Break on Swimming Performance in Athletes with Intellectual Disability.","authors":"Glykeria Kyriakidou, George Tsalis, Christina Evaggelinou","doi":"10.3390/sports12120330","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to ascertain whether there were any differences in anthropometrics, heart rate, and swimming performance parameters in athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) before and after a three-month training break. A total of 21 athletes participated in the study, comprising 16 males and 5 females, with a mean age of 28.3 ± 8.7 years. All participants had ID, and six of them had Down syndrome. The study participants were classified as S14 athletes from a local swimming club. All participants had a minimum of four years of swimming experience and attended two to three one-hour sessions per week for eight consecutive months. All athletes completed two trials of 25 m freestyle swimming, one at the end of a training session and the other at the beginning of a new session. The measurements included weight, body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength (HGS), heart rate (pre- and post-trial), performance (T25), stroke count (SC), stroke length (SL), stroke rate, and the SWOLF efficiency index. The results demonstrated statistically significant elevations in weight (80.2 ± 16.1 to 81.7 ± 15.9), BMI (26.8 ± 5.5 to 27.2 ± 5.5), T25 (33.1 ± 17.1 to 35.6 ± 18), SC (19.3 ± 6.1 to 20.7 ± 7.2), and SWOLF (52.4 ± 22.0 to 56.3 ± 25.2) and a reduction in SL (1.39 ± 0.48 to 1.27 ± 0.42). However, no significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters. Significant correlations were found for body weight, BMI, HGS, and SWOLF with T25 throughout the study. It was concluded that individuals with ID experienced a decline in 25 m swimming performance due to technical rather than physiological factors after three months of detraining.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11678969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Running Surface Using Advanced Footwear Technology Spikes on Middle- and Long-Distance Running Performance Measures.","authors":"Alejandro Alda-Blanco, Sergio Rodríguez-Barbero, Víctor Rodrigo-Carranza, Fernando Valero, Patricia Chico, Fernando González-Mohíno","doi":"10.3390/sports12120329","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study evaluated the effects of advanced footwear technology (AFT) spikes on running performance measures, spatiotemporal variables, and perceptive parameters on different surfaces (track and grass). <b>Methods:</b> Twenty-seven male trained runners were recruited for this study. In Experiment 1, participants performed 12 × 200 m at a self-perceived 3000 m running pace with a recovery of 5 min. Performance (time in each repetition), spatiotemporal, and perceptive parameters were measured. In Experiment 2, participants performed 8 × 5 min at 4.44 m/s while energy cost of running (W/kg), spatiotemporal, and perceptive parameters were measured. In both experiments the surface was randomized and mirror order between spike conditions (Polyether Block Amide (PEBA) and PEBA + Plate) was used. <b>Results:</b> Experiment 1: Runners were faster on the track (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and using PEBA + Plate spike (<i>p</i> = 0.049). Experiment 2: Running on grass increased energy cost (<i>p</i> = 0.03) and heart rate (<i>p</i> < 0.001) regardless of the spike used, while PEBA + Plate spike reduced respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (<i>p</i> = 0.041). Step frequency was different across surfaces (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and spikes (<i>p</i> = 0.002), with increased performance and comfort perceived with PEBA + Plate spikes (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> = 0.049). <b>Conclusions:</b> Running on the track surface with PEBA + Plate spikes enhanced auto-perceived 3000 m running performance, showed lower RER, and improved auto-perceptive comfort and performance. Running on grass surfaces increased energy cost and heart rate without differences between spike conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142899723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heading in Female Soccer: A Scoping Systematic Review.","authors":"Yinhao Shen, Shinting Chen, Qingguang Liu, Antonio Cicchella","doi":"10.3390/sports12120327","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heading is a key skill in soccer, and it is few investigated in females. Research on heading focused mostly on males and on young players. Data on females' soccer players are sparse and it is difficult to draw firm conclusions. Thus, little is known is known about heading in females. The most investigated aspects of heading are the relationship between heading and play state, training level and anthropometrics. The relationship between the frequency and intensity of headings and long-time outcomes in terms of vigilance, and neuro-cognitive status is also a topic of interest. Aim of this scoping review is to survey the available knowledge about heading in female football to identify possible weaknesses and issues for future research direction in the field. A structured literature search was performed in the main databases. Results show research on heading in female soccer is sparse and to draw firm conclusion on the investigated aspects (effect of play position, occurrence, cognitive impairment, influence of muscle strength, and player's level) is difficult. It emerged mild intensity heading is not dangerous, helmet does not help, play state and player position influences the heading and that high rotational velocities are achieved. The survey identified new directions for research, that should focus on how to ameliorate heading training and skills and develop a more effective and safe heading technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}