Sports最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Apnea-Induced Hypoxia on Hypoalgesia in Healthy Subjects.","authors":"Cristian Mendoza-Arranz, Omar López-Rebenaque, Carlos Donato Cabrera-López, Alejandro López-Mejías, José Fierro-Marrero, Francisco DeAsís-Fernández","doi":"10.3390/sports12110294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Exercise-induced hypoalgesia is a phenomenon in which exercise bouts induce a reduction in pain sensitivity. Apnea training involves similar characteristics that could potentially induce hypoalgesia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study are to explore the effect of apnea training on hypoalgesia; assess the correlation between conditioned pain modulation (CPM) response and apnea-induced hypoalgesia; and examine the association between hypoalgesia with hypoxemia, and heart rate (HR) during apnea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted comparing a walking protocol employing intermittent apnea compared with normal breathing in healthy volunteers. Hypoalgesia was tested with pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) and CPM. Oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and HR were also tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Relevant but not significant changes were detected in the thumb (MD = 0.678 kg/cm²), and tibialis (MD = 0.718 kg/cm²) in favor of the apnea group. No significant differences were detected in CPM. The apnea group presented lower SpO₂, but HR values similar to those of the control group during the intervention. Basal CPM and intrasession hypoxemia significantly correlated with the PPT response. However, HR did not correlate with the PPT response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The current results suggest a trend, though not statistically significant, toward an improvement in the PPT in favor of apnea training compared to normal breathing. Nevertheless, subjects who presented greater basal CPM and lower oxygen saturation during the session presented a greater PPT response, suggesting the possibility of mediators of response. Future investigations should clarify this phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pain Candidate Genes 5-HTTLPR and COMT Affect Anxiety and Mood in Japanese Ballet Dancers: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Kanaka Yatabe, Kohei Ashikaga, Ryota Muroi, Shu Somemura, Masahiro Takemoto, Kazuo Yudoh, Hisao Miyano, Hiroto Fujiya","doi":"10.3390/sports12110293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The balance of mental, physical, and technical aspects is essential in improving ballet performance. Ballet dancers' emotional and behavioral characteristics vary, even under identical stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the association between the pain candidate genes 5-HTTLPR and COMT and anxiety in Japanese ballet dancers. Participants were 18 youth elite ballet students with professional aspirations (Y-Elite) and 16 dancers in a professional ballet company (Pro). We administered psychological questionnaires, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS), to participants under the following four different stress conditions: standard practice day, cast decision day, rehearsal day, and one week before competition day. In addition, the genotypes of 5-HTTLPR and COMT Val158Met were examined. The distribution of 5-HTTLPR was not different between Y-Elite and Pro dancers, although one of the COMT genotypes was different. Y-Elite dancers had higher trait anxiety scores than Pro dancers for these genotypes before competition (ps < 0.03), although no significant association was observed between both genotypes and scores on the STAI across conditions. Their moods were significantly different through the four conditions (<i>p</i> < 0.004). Pro dancers' moods were also more stable than those of the Y-Elite dancers in the presence of pain. The results indicate that 5-HTTLPR and COMT play a crucial role in dancers' anxiety and mood during pain (ps < 0.05). Pro dancers are probably predicted by their lower neuroticism and mood scores and their better adaptation to stress than Y-Elite dancers. The 5-HTTLPR and COMT genes may be influencing the sensitivity to the environment. Youth elite ballet dancers need to understand the relationship between pain and physical activity from an early stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Combined Versus Single-Mode Resistance and Repeated Sprint Training on Physical Fitness, Hematological Parameters, and Plasma Volume Variations in Highly Trained Soccer Players.","authors":"Abderraouf Ben Abderrahman, Ali Aloui, Nidhal Jebabli, Iyed Salhi, Jihen Khalfoun, Mohaned Omar, Cain C T Clark, Bogdan-Constantin Ungurean, Urs Granacher, Hassane Zouhal","doi":"10.3390/sports12110290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We examined the effects of eight weeks of single-mode resistance, repeated sprint training, and the combination of the two programs on selected measures of physical fitness (muscle power, speed, and body composition), hematological parameters, and plasma volume variations in highly trained soccer players. Sixty male soccer players from the Tunisian national Ligue were randomly allocated to a resistance training group (RTG), a repeated sprint training group (RSTG), a combined resistance and repeated sprint training group (CTG), or an active control group (CG, soccer training only). The training volumes were similar between groups. Before and after training, we examined body composition, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), sprint 30 m (S30), repeated-sprint sequences (RSSs), hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean hemoglobin concentration (MHC), and plasma volume. Significant group-by-time interactions were recorded for the RSS indices, SJ, and S30 (<i>p</i> < 0.039], 0.1< ηp² < 0.49]), as well as the hematological parameters (<i>p</i> = 0.0001-0.045, 0.11 < ηp² < 0.46). In terms of physical fitness, using post hoc tests, the CTG showed significantly greater gains compared to the RSTG, RTG, and the CG on the best time index of the RSSs (<i>p</i> = 0.008; d = 4.1), SJ (<i>p</i> = 0.004; d = 4.18) and 30 m linear sprint time (<i>p</i> = 0.008; d = 3.84). Body fat percentage also decreased significantly in the CTG compared to all other groups (<i>p</i> < 0.005, 0.21 < d< 0.35). Regarding hematological parameters (i.e., hemoglobin and hematocrit), the CTG, RSTG, and RTG showed significant decreases (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in their hemoglobin and hematocrit values compared to the CG (<i>p</i> < 0.05, 0.11 < d< 2.22]). Eight weeks of combined training compared to single-mode training was found to be more effective in improving fitness measures in highly trained soccer players. However, there appeared to be no consensus regarding the effect of single and combined repeated-sprint and resistance training on the hematological system.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rate of Force Development During a Handgrip Task Is Correlated with the Post-Impact Ball Speed of the Flat Serve.","authors":"Károly Dobos, Dario Novak, János Péter Tóth, Csaba Ökrös","doi":"10.3390/sports12110292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the present research was to test the hypothesis that rate of force development (RFD) during a handgrip task of the dominant arm in three different positions is associated with maximal post-impact ball speed of flat serve (PIBS). Altogether 23 elite junior boys (aged 14.84 ± 2.47 years; weight 59.51 ± 13.83 kg; height 170.47 ± 16.34 cm) tennis players participated in the study. To assess the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and RFD during the task, four handgrip tests and a serve test were applied to estimate PIBS. Spearman's rank correlation showed a significant positive correlation between RFD of dominant arm in each three position and PIBS (r = 0.82-0.86; <i>p</i> < 0.001). A very large, significantly positive correlation was also found between MVC of the dominant arm and PIBS (r = 0.88; <i>p</i> < 0.01). The result of the present study indicated that rapid force generation of muscles in the forearm and wrist may probably play a role in the formation of a stable contact point, and it is in connection with PIBS. It is in contrast to the slow maximal force exertion that much rather characterizes the general strength state of players. Therefore, measurement of the RFD during a handgrip task is suggested in the testing session of the flat serve of junior tennis players.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Trunk Impact Dynamics and Workload with Inertial Sensors in Goalball Players.","authors":"Cristina Comeras-Chueca, Pablo J Bascuas, César Berzosa, Eduardo Piedrafita, Juan Rabal-Pelay, Héctor Gutiérrez, Ana Vanessa Bataller-Cervero","doi":"10.3390/sports12110291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to quantify trunk impact dynamics in goalball players using inertial sensors and evaluate the goalball players' workloads, focusing on changes between the first and second halves of a match to enhance understanding of the demands experienced throughout the game. Utilizing inertial technology, trunk impacts during goalball gameplay were analyzed to provide a holistic insight into how these impacts influence athletes' dynamic stress loads, which refers to the physical demands placed on the body during dynamic movements. Six goalball players were recruited to wear an accelerometer during a whole goalball game to quantify trunk impacts. The results showed a higher number of total impacts and a higher number of impacts at higher levels during the first half, compared to a higher percentage of impacts at a low impact level in the second half. These results suggest that the intensity of gameplay is related to the number of impacts sustained, with players experiencing significantly more impacts, particularly at very low, low, and very high impact levels, in the first half compared to the second half. This decline in impacts aligns with the reduction in game intensity as the match progressed, as indicated by a lower heart rate and a trend towards a lower dynamic stress load in the second half. Future research could explore targeted training interventions aimed at optimizing workload and performance in goalball players.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Elbow Injury Patterns in Japanese Adolescent Judo Players: Analysis from a Nationwide Insurance Database.","authors":"Akira Ikumi, Eiji Sasaki, Naoki Sakuyama, Yasuo Mikami","doi":"10.3390/sports12110289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Elbow injuries are common in judo, particularly among adolescents. This study investigated the incidence and patterns of three types of elbow injuries (sprain, dislocation, and fracture-dislocation) among Japanese adolescent judo players (12 to 18 years old) using data from a nationwide insurance database, covering the period from 2010 to 2019. A total of 4614 elbow injuries were recorded, with sprains being the most frequent (67.6% of cases). Female players had a 20% higher incidence of sprains than male players (6.8 vs. 5.4 per 1000 athlete-years). Severe injuries, such as dislocations and fracture-dislocations, were more common in high school players, with male middle school students exhibiting a higher rate of elbow fracture-dislocations (+15%) compared with female students. Elbow injuries frequently occurred during te-waza techniques, particularly seoi-nage, when players extended their arms to prevent being thrown. Peripheral nerve injuries, predominantly ulnar nerve injuries, accompanied elbow dislocations in 74% of the cases. This study highlights the importance of proper instruction in defensive and ukemi techniques, particularly those that discourage the use of hands to prevent falls during throws, to reduce the risk of elbow injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Key Factors for Predicting the Age at Peak Height Velocity in Preadolescent Team Sports Athletes Using Explainable Machine Learning.","authors":"Nikolaos-Orestis Retzepis, Alexandra Avloniti, Christos Kokkotis, Maria Protopapa, Theodoros Stampoulis, Anastasia Gkachtsou, Dimitris Pantazis, Dimitris Balampanos, Ilias Smilios, Athanasios Chatzinikolaou","doi":"10.3390/sports12110287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maturation is a key factor in sports participation and often determines the young athletes' characterization as a talent. However, there is no evidence of practical models for understanding the factors that discriminate children according to maturity. Hence, this study aims to deepen the understanding of the factors that affect maturity in 11-year-old Team Sports Athletes by utilizing explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) models. We utilized three established machine learning (ML) classifiers and applied the Sequential Forward Feature Selection (SFFS) algorithm to each. In this binary classification task, the logistic regression (LR) classifier achieved a top accuracy of 96.67% using the seven most informative factors (Sitting Height, Father's Height, Body Fat, Weight, Height, Left and Right-Hand Grip Strength). The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) model was instrumental in identifying the contribution of each factor, offering key insights into variable importance. Independent sample <i>t</i>-tests on these selected factors confirmed their significance in distinguishing between the two classes. By providing detailed and personalized insights into child development, this integration has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of maturation prediction significantly. These advancements could lead to a transformative approach in young athletes' pediatric growth analysis, fostering better sports performance and developmental outcomes for children.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Role of Dietary Calcium Intake in Muscle and Cardiovascular Performance Among Young Athletes.","authors":"Pragya Sharma Ghimire, Xiyan Ding, Adam Eckart","doi":"10.3390/sports12110288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The importance of dietary calcium intake in bone metabolism has been well established; however, it is still less investigated in health-related components, especially addressing muscle performance. This study aims to compare dietary calcium intake and its relationship with cardiovascular and muscular performance in young athletes (Lacrosse, Baseball, and soccer players). In this cross-sectional study, 95 participants (ages 18 to 30) participated during two visits to the Human Performance Laboratory. Participants completed body composition, lower and upper body muscle performance, cardiorespiratory protocol, and questionnaires related to dietary calcium intake. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the difference in the calcium intake between groups. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between dietary calcium intake and muscle performance variables. Further, linear regression was used to assess the predictive value of calcium variables on overall muscle performance. Lacrosse players had significantly higher calcium intake than Baseball and soccer players (<i>p</i> < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between dietary calcium intake and the number of push-ups (r = 0.28; <i>p</i> = 0.03). CIBW and CI explained 4.3% and nearly 25% of the change in MPI, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). This suggests the possible role of dietary calcium intake in enhancing health-related fitness components and highlights the need to explore its involvement in muscle-bone crosstalk.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Playing Formations, Team Ranking, and Physical Performance in the Serie A Soccer League.","authors":"Cristian Savoia, Francesco Laterza, Antonio Lucadamo, Vincenzo Manzi, Vito Azzone, Samuel A Pullinger, Catherine E Beattie, Maurizio Bertollo, Dario Pompa","doi":"10.3390/sports12110286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12110286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The influence of playing formations and team ranking on the physical performance of professional soccer players is an open question that needs to be explored. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of these factors on the physical exertion of Serie A soccer players. We analyzed match data from 375 players, categorizing teams based on their final ranking and comparing performance across different playing formations. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Dunn test with Bonferroni adjustment revealed that high-ranking (HR) teams exhibited a higher percentage of high-intensity (HI) accelerations compared to mid-ranking teams, suggesting the critical role of HI efforts in achieving favorable match outcomes. Moreover, the 4-3-3 playing formation was associated with greater acceleration demands than other formations, particularly in HR teams. Our study also established benchmarks for various performance metrics, enabling coaches to assess player performance and identify potential signs of overtraining. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the physical demands in soccer and offer practical implications for coaches and players in optimizing training and performance strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric Profile and Position-Specific Changes in Segmental Body Composition of Professional Football Players Throughout a Training Period.","authors":"Wiktoria Staśkiewicz-Bartecka, Karolina Krupa-Kotara, Mateusz Rozmiarek, Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko, Mateusz Grajek, Saioa Agirre Elordui, Jokin Urriolabeitia Razkin, Arkaitz Castañeda Babarro","doi":"10.3390/sports12100285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12100285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Body and anthropometric profiles of football players vary depending on the physiological and technical demands imposed by different positions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition of professional soccer players in relation to their position on the field during a training macrocycle. The Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method was used to analyze 58 players at six key moments of the macrocycle. The results show that body profiles are adjusted to the specific demands of each position. Midfielders showed the lowest muscle mass, while defenders showed many notable changes. In general, as the season progressed, all field players experienced an increase in trunk body fat. Fat and lean mass values of goalkeepers differed greatly from the rest. The greatest variations in body composition were observed during pre-season and transition in relation to variations in training load and competitive intensity. The results suggest that the phase of the macrocycle has a greater influence on these variations, although the physical characteristics of each position are relevant. Understanding these dynamics allows for the design of more personalized and efficient training programs to optimize the performance of footballers according to their roles and each stage of the season.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142512801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}