IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090301

Nuno Rodrigues, Luís Sérgio Vieira, Cátia Sofia Martins, Catarina Moreira, Saúl Neves de Jesus

{"title":"Contributions of Physical Activity and Positive Psychological Functioning to Flow and Well-Being.","authors":"Nuno Rodrigues, Luís Sérgio Vieira, Cátia Sofia Martins, Catarina Moreira, Saúl Neves de Jesus","doi":"10.3390/sports13090301","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090301","url":null,"abstract":"Studies highlight the importance of physical activity (PA) in relation to positive psychological functioning (PPF) among adults. Physical inactivity is strongly associated with lower levels of PPF, supporting the idea that lifestyle choices can be identified as a public health concern. There is growing evidence of the health benefits of regular PA. This study aims to analyze the contribution of PA to flow, PPF, and well-being. The sample consisted of 226 adults aged between 18 and 65 years (M = 41.23; SD = 12.50), mostly female (70.35%), with 56% reporting regular PA. Results revealed significant differences favoring active individuals over sedentary participants in all dimensions of flow, except for loss of self-consciousness. Regular PA was associated with higher levels of flow and psychological well-being. Both regular and intensive PA, as well as environmental mastery (EM), were key contributors to flow experiences, while self-acceptance and EM were central contributors to the Live Well Index. These findings support the association between PA and lower likelihood of sedentary lifestyles, emphasize its benefits for well-being, and highlight the association between PPF and active lifestyle patterns.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex- and Sport-Specific Differences in Jump Strategies: Key Qualities for Jump Performance. 跳跃策略的性别和运动特异性差异：跳跃表现的关键品质。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090292

Jing-Hong Lin, Shayna Goldstein, E Todd Schroeder

{"title":"Sex- and Sport-Specific Differences in Jump Strategies: Key Qualities for Jump Performance.","authors":"Jing-Hong Lin, Shayna Goldstein, E Todd Schroeder","doi":"10.3390/sports13090292","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090292","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated countermovement jump (CMJ) strategies among NCAA Division 1 athletes and explored key variables associated with jump height. A total of 69 athletes (38 male, 31 female) from basketball and volleyball teams completed three or more CMJ trials on force plates during their regular neuromuscular monitoring. Using repeated-measures correlation analysis, we examined the relationships between various force-time variables and jump height across different sports and sexes. The results demonstrated very strong correlations between concentric peak velocity and jump height across all groups (r > 0.987). In addition, female athletes exhibited higher correlations between force-related parameters (concentric peak force, relative concentric peak force, and relative concentric mean force) and jump height compared to male athletes. Furthermore, no significant differences in force asymmetry were observed between sports or sexes. These findings indicate that concentric peak velocity serves as a key indicator of jump performance while emphasizing the importance of considering the interaction between force, time, and velocity, rather than focusing solely on peak force production. This research provides valuable insights for developing sport-specific training programs and monitoring jump performance in collegiate athletes, highlighting the necessity of individualized assessment and training approaches rather than assuming specific physical qualities are associated with particular populations.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early Rate of Force Development and Maximal Strength at Different Positions of the Athletic Shoulder Test in Baseball Players. 棒球运动员运动肩部测试不同体位早期力量发展速率与最大力量。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090300

Ben Ashworth, Mikulas Hank, Omid Khaiyat, Ginny Coyles, Ferdia Fallon Verbruggen, Erika Zemkova, Frantisek Zahalka, Tomas Maly

{"title":"Early Rate of Force Development and Maximal Strength at Different Positions of the Athletic Shoulder Test in Baseball Players.","authors":"Ben Ashworth, Mikulas Hank, Omid Khaiyat, Ginny Coyles, Ferdia Fallon Verbruggen, Erika Zemkova, Frantisek Zahalka, Tomas Maly","doi":"10.3390/sports13090300","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090300","url":null,"abstract":"Background/objectives: Peak force (PF) reflects maximal strength, while early rate of force development (RFD; 0-100 ms) indicates explosive neuromuscular output. The Athletic Shoulder (ASH) test is gaining popularity in overhead athlete profiling, but its use for assessing explosive strength in various shoulder positions is underexplored. This study compared PF and RFD at shoulder abductions of 180° (ASH-I), 135° (ASH-Y), and 90° (ASH-T) in baseball players.Methods: Seventeen male athletes (age 22.7 ± 4.2 years; height 186.3 ± 7.3 cm; body mass 83.9 ± 10.1 kg) performed isometric ASH tests with the dominant arm. PF, PF relative to body mass (PF/BM), and early RFD were analysed.Results: ASH I showed 25% significantly higher PF (182 ± 41 N), PF/BM (2.15 ± 0.39 N/kg), and 40% higher RFD (545 N/s) than ASH Y or T (all p < 0.001), which did not differ significantly. PF showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.86-0.93); RFD showed moderate-to-good reliability (ICC = 0.75-0.81). Smallest worthwhile changes were ~5% for PF and ~15% for RFD.Conclusions: Maximal isometric shoulder strength and explosiveness were highest at 180° abduction in baseball athletes, with no significant difference between 135° and 90°. PF demonstrated excellent reliability, while early RFD showed moderate to good reliability and higher variability, highlighting the need for repeated measures. These findings provide specific position reference values and support the inclusion of multiple abduction angles in shoulder strength assessment to detect neuromuscular deficits and monitor training adaptations in baseball athletes.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145152024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incidence of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgery and Revision in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 棒球运动员尺侧副韧带手术和修复的发生率：系统回顾和meta分析。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090299

Alberto Sáez, Gonzalo Mariscal, Carlos Barrios

{"title":"Incidence of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgery and Revision in Baseball Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Alberto Sáez, Gonzalo Mariscal, Carlos Barrios","doi":"10.3390/sports13090299","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090299","url":null,"abstract":"Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are a major concern in baseball because of repetitive valgus stress from overhead throwing, often leading to surgical intervention. In recent years, UCL reconstruction has become increasingly frequent. Although this procedure has a high success rate, revision surgery is often required. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the incidence of UCL surgery and revision procedures in baseball players, explored potential risk factors, and identified areas for future research. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Embase, and SportDiscus databases was conducted for studies published between 2014 and 2024. Studies reporting the incidence of primary and revision UCL reconstructions in baseball players were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS). A meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software calculated the pooled proportions and 95% confidence intervals for UCL surgery and revision rates. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including data from 27,366 baseball players. The pooled incidence of UCL surgery was 4.52% (95% CI: 4.20-4.84%), and the pooled incidence of revision surgery was 8.42% (95% CI: 5.49-11.35%). Statistical analyses showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 100%, p < 0.00001). Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of the results, both in the incidence of surgery and in the revision surgery. UCL surgery is a common procedure in baseball, and a notable proportion of athletes require revision. Further research is necessary to identify the risk factors and develop preventive strategies to reduce UCL injury rates.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational Analysis of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength and Plyometric Training: An Integrated Modeling Study. 神经肌肉适应力量和增强训练的计算分析：一项综合建模研究。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090298

Dan Cristian Mănescu

{"title":"Computational Analysis of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength and Plyometric Training: An Integrated Modeling Study.","authors":"Dan Cristian Mănescu","doi":"10.3390/sports13090298","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090298","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding neuromuscular adaptations resulting from specific training modalities is crucial for optimizing athletic performance and injury prevention. This in silico proof-of-concept study aimed to computationally model and predict neuromuscular adaptations induced by strength and plyometric training, integrating musculoskeletal simulations and machine learning techniques. A validated musculoskeletal model (OpenSim 4.4; 23 DOF, 92 musculotendon actuators) was scaled to a representative athlete (180 cm, 75 kg). Plyometric (vertical jumps, horizontal broad jumps, drop jumps) and strength exercises (back squat, deadlift, leg press) were simulated to evaluate biomechanical responses, including ground reaction forces, muscle activations, joint kinetics, and rate of force development (RFD). Predictive analyses employed artificial neural networks and random forest regression models trained on extracted biomechanical data. The results show plyometric tasks with GRF 22.1-30.2 N·kg-1 and RFD 3200-3600 N·s-1, 10-12% higher activation synchrony, and 7-12% lower moment variability. Strength tasks produced moments of 3.2-3.8 N·m·kg-1; combined strength + plyometric training reached 3.7-4.2 N·m·kg-1, 10-16% above strength only. Machine learning predictions revealed superior neuromuscular gains through combined training, especially pairing back squats with high-intensity drop jumps (50 cm). This integrated computational approach demonstrates significant practical potential, enabling precise optimization of training interventions and injury risk reduction in athletic populations.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does High-Intensity Interval Training Increase Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Endurance? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 高强度间歇训练能增加肌肉力量、肌肉质量和肌肉耐力吗？系统回顾和荟萃分析。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090293

Lucas Wiens, Justin M Losciale, Matthew D Fliss, Max J Abercrombie, Darius Darabi, Jedd Li, Rowan Barclay, Cameron J Mitchell

{"title":"Does High-Intensity Interval Training Increase Muscle Strength, Muscle Mass, and Muscle Endurance? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Lucas Wiens, Justin M Losciale, Matthew D Fliss, Max J Abercrombie, Darius Darabi, Jedd Li, Rowan Barclay, Cameron J Mitchell","doi":"10.3390/sports13090293","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090293","url":null,"abstract":"High-intensity/sprint interval training (HIIT/SIT) improves aerobic and anaerobic performance, but it is unknown if HIIT/SIT increases strength, muscle mass/size, and muscle endurance (ME). We aimed to determine if HIIT/SIT increases strength, muscle mass/size, and ME. Databases (Ovid Medline, Sport Discus, EMBASE, and CINAHL) and the gray literature (Google Scholar) were searched for original research articles investigating the impact of HIIT/SIT on strength, muscle mass/size, and ME (23 March 2025). The risk of bias (ROB) was assessed via the Cochrane ROB 2 Tool. Meta-analyses were performed when three or more randomized controlled trials compared HIIT/SIT to a common comparator. Fifty-four studies were included (N = 1136). Twenty-five studies had a high ROB, while twenty-nine had some concerns. Standardized mean differences (SMD) (95% CI) of 0.16; (-0.09, 0.40), 0.33; (-0.21, 0.87) were observed for meta-analyses comparing the effect of HIIT/SIT to moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and non-exercise controls (CON) on FFM, respectively. A meta-analysis comparing the effect of HIIT/SIT to resistance training (RT) on leg press strength yielded a SMD of -0.82; 95% CI: (-1.97, 0.33). HIIT/SIT may induce slightly greater gains than MICT and CON for FFM, while RT is likely superior to HIIT/SIT for improving leg press strength. However, the certainty of evidence is low, and 95% CIs intersect zero for all analyses.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical Running Power and Energy Expenditure in Uphill and Downhill Running. 上坡和下坡机械跑功率与能量消耗。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090294

Fabrizio Gravina-Cognetti, Diego Chaverri, Antoni Planas, Jordi Montraveta, Marta Carrasco-Marginet, Silvia Puigarnau, Javier Espasa-Labrador, Xavier Iglesias

{"title":"Mechanical Running Power and Energy Expenditure in Uphill and Downhill Running.","authors":"Fabrizio Gravina-Cognetti, Diego Chaverri, Antoni Planas, Jordi Montraveta, Marta Carrasco-Marginet, Silvia Puigarnau, Javier Espasa-Labrador, Xavier Iglesias","doi":"10.3390/sports13090294","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090294","url":null,"abstract":"Trail running involves constant changes in terrain and slope, complicating the accurate assessment of energy expenditure during performance. This study aimed to examine the relationship between running power output (RPO), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and energy expenditure per minute (EEmin) across positive and negative slopes in trained trail runners under standardized laboratory conditions. Fifteen male trail runners performed five randomized 5 min treadmill runs at 70% of VO2 maximal speed on -7%, -5%, 0%, +5%, and +7% slopes. VO2, VCO2, EEmin, respiratory exchange ratio (RQ), heart rate (HR), and RPO were recorded. Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality, repeated-measures ANOVA to compare variables across slopes, and Spearman or Pearson correlations between RPO and physiological variables. Moderate to strong positive correlations were found between RPO and VO2 (Rho = 0.80-0.84, p < 0.001) and between RPO and EEmin (Rho= 0.74-0.87, p < 0.01) across all conditions. These findings suggest that RPO measured via a wearable device may reflect changes in energy expenditure and supports the integration of wearable power metrics into training and nutritional strategies for trail running. However, further studies in female athletes, outdoor settings, extreme slopes, and altitude conditions are needed to confirm the generalizability of these results.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Field-Based Screening Protocol for Hamstring Injury Risk in Football Players: Evaluating Its Functionality Using Exploratory Factor Analysis. 橄榄球运动员腿筋损伤风险的现场筛查方案：利用探索性因素分析评估其功能。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090295

Nikolaos I Liveris, Charis Tsarbou, George Papageorgiou, Elias Tsepis, Konstantinos Fousekis, Sofia A Xergia

{"title":"A Field-Based Screening Protocol for Hamstring Injury Risk in Football Players: Evaluating Its Functionality Using Exploratory Factor Analysis.","authors":"Nikolaos I Liveris, Charis Tsarbou, George Papageorgiou, Elias Tsepis, Konstantinos Fousekis, Sofia A Xergia","doi":"10.3390/sports13090295","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090295","url":null,"abstract":"This paper propose a practical field-based screening protocol for evaluating the risk of hamstring injury. This is done by discerning the most important factors that better explain the underlying structure among various measurements. Following a cross-sectional study design, ninety-nine professional and semi-professional football players were assessed at the team's facilities during the preseason period. The collected data included aspects of demographic characteristics; previous injuries; athlete sense of burnout (Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ)); hamstring (HS) flexibility (passive single leg raise test); isometric hamstring strength (make and brake test); isometric quadriceps strength; single-leg triple hop for distance; endurance of the core muscles (prone bridge, side bridge and Biering-Sørensen tests); and hamstring strength endurance (single leg hamstring bridge test). Subsequently, Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed. Following a summarized dimension reduction process, the twenty-three assessment variables were grouped into a parsimonious model of six main risk factors. Specifically, the resulting model explains 55.7% of the total variance, comprising HS and core endurance (20.2% of the variance), HS strength (12.8%), previous injuries (8.9%), ABQ (5.8%), lower limb strength (4.1%), and strength limb symmetry (3.8%). The proposed model provides a practical protocol, facilitating sports scientists in evaluating the risk for HI in the highly complex reality of field-based situations.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Game vs. Practice Differences in External Load in U16 and U18 Women's Basketball Players. U16、U18女子篮球运动员外负荷的比赛与训练差异

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090296

Damjana V Cabarkapa, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Dora Nagy, Laszlo Balogh, Tamas Laczko, Laszlo Ratgeber

{"title":"Game vs. Practice Differences in External Load in U16 and U18 Women's Basketball Players.","authors":"Damjana V Cabarkapa, Dimitrije Cabarkapa, Dora Nagy, Laszlo Balogh, Tamas Laczko, Laszlo Ratgeber","doi":"10.3390/sports13090296","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090296","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the present study was twofold: (i) to examine within-group differences in external load metrics during practice and official competition, and (ii) to examine between-group differences in external load metrics across the U16 and U18 levels of play. A total of thirty-six female athletes participated in the present study, of which nineteen were U16 and seventeen were U18 basketball players. The athletes wore an inertial measurement unit system (Kinexon) sampling at 20 Hz during practice and official games. The average values for each external load metric across ten practices and five games were used for performance analysis. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to examine within- and between-group statistically significant differences, respectively (p < 0.05). The findings reveal that the external load placed on the athletes during the game (e.g., distance covered, average speed, total number of accelerations and decelerations) was considerably greater than the external load during practice sessions, both on the U16 and U18 levels of play. Conversely, while the game-induced external load remained consistent across the two competitive levels, U18 players tended to spend more time and cover more distance in low-speed zones than in high-speed zones during practice, compared to their U16 counterparts, suggesting their superior movement efficiency.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of a High-Frequency Exercise Program During the Transition Period in Young Football Players. 青少年足球运动员过渡期高频运动的效果。

IF 2.9

Sports Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.3390/sports13090297

Yiannis Michailidis, Andreas Stafylidis, Athanasios Mandroukas, Eleni Semaltianou, Georgios Karamousalidis, Georgios Antoniou, Vasileios Leftheroudis, Vasilios Mittas, Thomas I Metaxas

{"title":"The Effect of a High-Frequency Exercise Program During the Transition Period in Young Football Players.","authors":"Yiannis Michailidis, Andreas Stafylidis, Athanasios Mandroukas, Eleni Semaltianou, Georgios Karamousalidis, Georgios Antoniou, Vasileios Leftheroudis, Vasilios Mittas, Thomas I Metaxas","doi":"10.3390/sports13090297","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13090297","url":null,"abstract":"The transition period in football can negatively affect players' fitness indicators. However, if appropriate training programs are implemented during this period, these effects can be reversed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a high-frequency exercise program during the transition period on aerobic capacity, isokinetic torque of the lower limbs, jumping ability, and body composition. The transition period was divided into two phases: the first phase lasted two weeks and involved complete rest from exercise, and the second phase lasted four weeks during which the players completed three aerobic-focused training sessions and two maximum strength training sessions per week. A total of 13 young football players (age 17.8 ± 0.7 years, height 1.78 ± 0.07 m, weight 70.3 ± 8.4 kg) participated in the study. A paired samples t-test was applied, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The results showed that players improved their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) after the program (p = 0.037, t = -2.348). The performance in countermovement jump performance and in the isokinetic torque of the right quadriceps showed a decline (p = 0.009, t = 3.112 & p = 0.004, t = 2.299, respectively), while no changes were observed in any other parameter (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that a program with these characteristics can counteract the negative effects typically observed during the transition period. Moreover, with specialized stimuli, improvement may also be observed during the transitional period.","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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