Sports最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Adding Facial Immersion to Chest-Level Water Immersion on Vagally-Mediated Heart Rate Variability.","authors":"Tina L Baus, Stefan P Ackermann, Sylvain Laborde","doi":"10.3390/sports13030064","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent studies have shown that both facial immersion and head-out water immersion up to the chest (HOIC) positively influence cardiac vagal activity, as indexed non-invasively through vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). While facial immersion activates the diving reflex, HOIC induces effects via hydrostatic pressure, each engaging distinct physiological mechanisms. This study aims to investigate whether combining facial immersion with HOIC results in an additional increase in vmHRV. In total, the vmHRV [log10RMSSD] of 37 participants (14 females, <i>M_age</i> = 23.8; <i>SD_age</i> = 4.4 years) was assessed under two conditions, with resting and recovery measurements taken before and after each condition. The first condition involved HOIC alone (<i>M</i> = 1.97, <i>SD</i> = 0.27), followed by HOIC combined with facial immersion (<i>M</i> = 1.87, <i>SD</i> = 0.29). HOIC alone significantly increased RMSSD compared to baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.001); however, no additional increase was observed when facial immersion was added (<i>p</i> = 0.436). This suggests that, while HOIC effectively increases vmHRV, the addition of facial immersion does not provide any further enhancement under the conditions tested. Potential methodological limitations, such as the absence of breath holding, variability in immersion depth, and the use of thermoneutral water temperatures, may have influenced the outcomes and warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximising Triathlon Health and Performance: The State of the Art.","authors":"Veronica Vleck, Maria Francesca Piacentini","doi":"10.3390/sports13030066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is with great pleasure that Professor Piacentini and I present this closing Editorial for the Special Issue of Sports on \"Maximising Triathlon Health and Performance: The State of the Art\" [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rule Modification's Effects on the Feedback Type Given by Coaches at Young Football Levels.","authors":"Lidia Martinez-Jiménez, Ricardo André Birrento-Aguiar, Verónica Marco-Cramer, Enrique Ortega-Toro","doi":"10.3390/sports13030063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An adapted competition should create a favourable environment to tailor the feedback provided to the needs of young athletes. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of rule modification on the type of feedback given by coaches to young football players.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study sample consisted of four under-10 male coaches from four Spanish teams. The analysis was conducted using a quasi-experimental A-B design, in which two tournaments were played: Tournament 1 with the official Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) rules and Tournament 2 with rule modifications. All the feedback provided by the group of coaches during the two tournaments was recorded, yielding a total of 4.386 for Tournament 1 and 3.728 for Tournament 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that in both tournaments, the predominant feedback from the coaches was individual, prescriptive, affective, and non-valuable. However, they indicated that the orientation of the feedback and its autonomy positively varied during the adapted competition. The data obtained align with the results of other studies on the type of feedback given by coaches, despite some differing from scientific recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It can be concluded that the modified rule competition promoted changes in the type of feedback provided by the coaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological Performance: How Mental Health Drives Attentional Function in University-Level Football Athletes.","authors":"Sacha Assadourian, Dima Daher, Catherine Leclerc, Antony Branco Lopes, Arnaud Saj","doi":"10.3390/sports13030061","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This preliminary study investigates the potential relationship between electrophysiological profiles measured by quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) and attentional performance in 34 university American football players. QEEG data revealed patterns associated with burnout, chronic pain, and insomnia among the athletes. Attentional performance was generally average, but players exhibited faster reaction times in the alertness task without warning, fewer errors in the sustained attention task, and lower scores in the divided attention task, favoring visual information over auditory information. Significant negative correlations emerged between QEEG profiles associated with burnout, ADHD, depression, and anxiety and specific attentional subcomponents. These findings suggest a link between mental health-related brain activity and attentional performance. In a clinical context, they emphasize the need for early detection and intervention in mental health problems. This might improve cognitive performance and well-being in athletes. However, due to the small sample size and the lack of a control group, these results are considered preliminary, and further research is required to confirm and expand on these associations.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Task-Oriented Basketball Training on Motor Skill-Related Fitness in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder.","authors":"Faiçal Farhat, Achraf Ammar, Nourhen Mezghani, Mohamed Moncef Kammoun, Khaled Trabelsi, Adnene Gharbi, Lassad Sallemi, Haithem Rebai, Wassim Moalla, Bouwien Smits-Engelsman","doi":"10.3390/sports13030062","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13030062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood. DCD is classified as a motor learning deficit because it interferes with the ability to learn and automate movement skills. There is a lack of information on how these children acquire complex motor skills relevant to their daily recreational or sports activities. Evidence to guide physical trainers, educators, and health professionals to select an effective type of training to improve physical fitness for children with poor motor coordination is scarce. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of an 8-week task-oriented basketball training program on motor coordination and motor skill-related fitness for DCD children in the school context. Motor performance and motor skill-related fitness were evaluated before and after the intervention using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (MABC-2) and Performance and Fitness Test Battery (PERF-FIT). A total of 52 children with DCD aged 8 to 9 were invited to join the intervention. Parents of 18 children accepted for their child to participate in the training program. In the remaining children, 20 identified as the most similar based on the diagnostic criteria for DCD (DSM-5) and anthropometric features (age, BMI) and were asked to participate as the usual care group. The difference in improvement on the MABC-2 and the PERF-FIT between the two groups on the two test occasions was compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Within-group pre-post comparison on these test items was performed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Significant differences in all performance scores were found in favor of the training group. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the DCD training group improved significantly on MABC-2 total and subscores (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and on all PERF-FIT items (<i>p</i> < 0.001). No significant changes were found on any of the test items in the DCD usual care group. Group-based training in a more natural environment (playing games with peers in school) might help children with DCD as an adjunct to or before individual therapy. Based on our findings, we believe it is possible to work in large groups (<i>n</i> = 18), led by trained physical education teachers and special educators, to lessen the impact of motor coordination and physical fitness problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders so that they can participate more easily in active games. Results of the usual care group showed that extra instruction and practice are needed for children with DCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Effects of Resistance Training Modalities on Mental Health and Quality of Life in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury.","authors":"Lucas Vieira Santos, Karla Raphaela da Silva Ramos Freitas, Eveline Torres Pereira, Luciano Bernardes Leite, Pedro Forte, Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de Oliveira, Osvaldo Costa Moreira","doi":"10.3390/sports13020060","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13020060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anxiety and depression are prevalent after spinal cord injury, impairing social participation and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT), flywheel resistance training (FWRT), and high-velocity resistance training (HVRT) on the mental health and quality of life in individuals with spinal cord injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-two participants were divided into TRT (n = 12), FWRT (n = 8), and HVRT (n = 12) groups, undergoing 8 weeks of upper-limb training twice weekly under super-vision. Training intensity and volume were progressively increased. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and SF-36 Questionnaire were used to assess outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the TRT and FWRT groups showed a reduction in HADS-D scores post-intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The TRT group also presented a significant reduction in HADS-A scores post-intervention (<i>p</i> = 0.003). Concerning quality of life, after training, TRT showed improvements in social functioning (<i>p</i> = 0.013), FWRT improved scores in physical functioning (<i>p</i> = 0.002), bodily pain (<i>p</i> = 0.002), vitality (<i>p</i> = 0.046), and role emotional (<i>p</i> < 0.001), while HVRT enhanced role physical (<i>p</i> < 0.001), social functioning (<i>p</i> = 0.013), and role emotional (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, TRT was the most effective in reducing anxiety and depression and enhancing quality of life, while FWRT showed notable gains in physical and functional capacity. HVRT demonstrated improvements primarily in role physical but was less effective in other domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861608/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Total Running Experience on Lower Leg Variability: Implications for Control and Performance in Male Athletes.","authors":"Jared Steele, Iain Hunter","doi":"10.3390/sports13020058","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13020058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the relationship between total running experience, defined as cumulative years of running multiplied by weekly mileage, and variability in lower leg joint kinematics during treadmill running. Twenty-seven male athletes participated, running while kinematic and kinetic data were collected. Linear regression revealed significant negative correlations between total running experience and variability in both knee and ankle joint range of motion (ROM). Specifically, ankle ROM variability (<i>p</i> = 0.001, R² = 0.35) and knee ROM variability (<i>p</i> = 0.002, R² = 0.32) were reduced in runners with more experience. A stepwise regression model further identified ankle ROM variability as a significant predictor (<i>p</i> = 0.033), explaining 44.25% of the variance in total running experience. A significant positive correlation between running experience and instantaneous vertical loading rate (IVLR) (<i>p</i> = 0.025, R² = 0.15) suggests that more experienced runners generate higher load rates. These findings indicate that more experienced runners exhibit more consistent and stable movement patterns, reflecting refined motor control. The results support the hypothesis that greater running experience is associated with reduced variability in movement patterns within a controlled environment, providing insights into the mechanisms that could contribute to enhanced performance and injury prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Load During Official Competition in Professional Women's Basketball-A Case Study.","authors":"Pablo López-Sierra, Sergio L Jiménez-Sáiz, Javier García-Rubio, María Isabel Piñar, Sergio J Ibáñez","doi":"10.3390/sports13020059","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13020059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Basketball matches involve numerous conditioning factors which, when put together, make for a complex prediction event. However, unraveling all these elements in different studies allows the control of certain conditioning factors of the game, giving rise to more stable and controlled games. <b>Objectives:</b> Due to the absence of studies that analyze professional matches in women's basketball, the aim of the present research is to analyze the influence of the result, partial result and specific positions on the load in official competition between two women's teams that play a match simultaneously. <b>Methods:</b> Using an ex post facto design, 19 professional players were measured in an official match of the Spanish second division of women's basketball, monitoring both opponents simultaneously, obtaining at all times the contrast of loads between both teams. Inertial devices were used to measure the external and internal load of each player. Parametric and non-parametric statistical difference analyses were performed, as well as two linear mixed models. <b>Results:</b> The results reveal significant differences in external loading when loads are analyzed as a function of match outcome. Differences between external and internal load are found when taking into account specific positions, and when including several comparisons in the analysis. The team that obtained the highest kinematic and neuromuscular load demands was the one that won the match. The specific position of guard obtained a greater physical load at the end of the match than the centers. <b>Conclusions:</b> Coaches should prioritize high-intensity training that replicates match demands, considering positional differences in workload to optimize player conditioning and recovery strategies for sustained performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Perceived Effort Scales (OMNI-RES) Appropriate for Defining and Controlling Strength Training Intensity?","authors":"José Luis Maté-Muñoz, Luis Maicas-Pérez, Iñigo Aparicio-García, Juan Hernández-Lougedo, Luis De Sousa-De Sousa, Mónica Hontoria-Galán, Francisco Hermosilla-Perona, Manuel Barba-Ruiz, Pablo García-Fernández, Juan Ramón Heredia-Elvar","doi":"10.3390/sports13020057","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13020057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>One of the most significant challenges for exercise professionals in designing strength training programs is determining the intensity or effort level of each set performed. One of the most studied methodologies has been the use of Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scales. This study aims to analyze the application of the OMNI-RES scale for monitoring training intensity across different relative loads and fatigue levels in various training protocols.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, participants completed nine exercise sessions, with one week separating each session. The first session involved a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test in the bench press (BP) to identify the load-velocity relationship. Subsequently, each participant randomly performed two maximum repetition (MNR) protocols at 60% and 90% of 1RM, and two protocols with a 30% velocity loss (VL) at 60% of 1RM and a 10% VL at 90% of 1RM. These sessions were repeated one week later.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>significant differences were found between the four bench press protocols regarding the number of repetitions and the percentage of velocity loss per set (<i>p</i> < 0.001). However, the RPE of the MNR protocol at 60% of 1RM was significantly higher than the other protocols. Moreover, the RPE for the protocol at 60% of 1RM with a 30% VL was similar to that at 90% of 1RM with a 10% VL (<i>p</i> = 1.000). Post-exercise blood lactate concentrations, percentage VL at 1 m·s^-1, and the effort index were significantly higher in the MNR protocol at 60% of 1RM compared to all other protocols (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The most important finding of this study is that the OMNI-RES scale may not be a reliable indicator of exercise intensity. This is because the highest values on the scale were observed at the lowest relative intensity (60% 1RM) during the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) protocol, corresponding to the maximum volume.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Game Intervals on Physical Performance Demands in Elite Futsal: Insights from Congested Periods.","authors":"Augusto Pereira, João Nuno Ribeiro, Pedro E Alcaraz, Rubén Herrero Carrasco, Bruno Travassos, Tomás T Freitas, Konstantinos Spyrou","doi":"10.3390/sports13020056","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13020056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aims of this study were to analyze (1) the external match demands during a congested period (CP) (i.e., three games in eight days) and (2) the differences among games with two- or three-day intervals in professional futsal players. Eleven elite male futsal players were monitored during 15 official matches. Wearable accelerometers were used to record player load (PL), accelerations (ACC), decelerations (DEC), and changes of direction (COD) at different intensities (e.g., high, medium, and low) using two approaches (e.g., absolute and relative per minute). A linear mixed model and effect sizes (ESs) were used to analyze differences between matches and days of interval. Considering the external match load during CP, non-significant differences were found for all the variables (<i>p</i> = 0.108-0.995; ES: 0.01-0.40). Comparing the interval days between games, players had significantly higher DEC_HI (<i>p</i> = 0.030; ES: 0.48), COD_TOTAL (<i>p</i> = 0.028; ES: 0.33), COD_MED (<i>p</i> = 0.024; ES: 0.40), and COD_LOW (<i>p</i> = 0.038; ES: 0.31) following 3 days of interval between the games when compared with 2 days. However, when analyzed relative to effective time, non-significant differences were found. In summary, CPs seem to not affect the match external load, but players performed better in terms of DEC and COD following 3 days of interval when compared to 2 days when analyzed with absolute values.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11860554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}