Sports最新文献

{"title":"Brain Oxygenation During Exercise in Different Types of Chronic Lung Disease: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Stella Kritikou, Andreas Zafeiridis, Georgia Pitsiou, Ioannis Gkalgkouranas, Leonidas Kastritseas, Afroditi Boutou, Konstantina Dipla","doi":"10.3390/sports13010009","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic lung diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD), and Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) are characterized by progressive symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, and muscle weakness, often leading to physical inactivity, and reduced quality of life. Many patients also experience significantly impaired exercise tolerance. While pulmonary, cardiovascular, respiratory, and peripheral muscle dysfunction contribute to exercise limitations, recent evidence suggests that hypoxia and impairments in cerebral oxygenation may also play a role in exercise intolerance. This narrative review (i) summarizes studies investigating cerebral oxygenation responses during exercise in patients with different types of chronic lung diseases and (ii) discusses possible mechanisms behind the blunted cerebral oxygenation during exercise reported in many of these conditions; however, the extent of cerebral desaturation and the intensity at which it occurs can vary. These differences depend on the specific pathophysiology of the lung disease and the presence of comorbidities. Notably, reduced cerebral oxygenation during exercise in fibrotic-ILD has been linked with the development of dyspnea and early exercise termination. Understanding the effects of chronic lung disease on cerebral oxygenation during exercise may improve our understanding of exercise intolerance mechanisms and help identify therapeutic strategies to enhance brain health and exercise capacity in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Body-Weight-Based Resistance Training on Balance Ability and Fear of Falling in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese Women.","authors":"Zhenyue Liu, Shuji Sawada, Pengyu Deng, Hisashi Naito, Shuichi Machida","doi":"10.3390/sports13010008","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 12-week body-weight-based resistance training program on balance ability and fear of falling in community-dwelling older women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three older women were assigned to either an intervention group that performed the low-load resistance training with slow movement using the body weight (LRT group; <i>n</i> = 12) or a control group (CON group; <i>n</i> = 11). The LRT group participated in the exercise session twice weekly for 12 weeks, while the CON group maintained their daily routine. The 30 s chair stand test (CS-30) was applied to measure lower-extremity muscle strength, balance ability was evaluated using one-leg standing tests with eyes open (OLST-O) and closed (OLST-C), and fear of falling among all participants was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale International (FES-I) before (pre) and after (post) the intervention. A two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures [group (LRT and CON) × time (pre and post)] was carried out to evaluate the intervention effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant interactions were observed in the CS-30 (F = 9.503, <i>p</i> < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.312), OLST-O (F = 5.211, <i>p</i> < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.199), and OLST-C (F = 5.257, <i>p</i> < 0.05, ηp2 = 0.200), though significant simple main effects from pre to post were observed only in the LRT group. The CS-30 scores (pre: 19.8 ± 3.8 times, post: 25.5 ± 5.6 times; <i>p</i> < 0.001), OLST-O time (pre: 78.8 ± 35.8 s, post: 96.2 ± 29.9 s; <i>p</i> < 0.01), and OLST-C time (pre: 10.2 ± 5.9 s, post: 17.4 ± 12.2 s; <i>p</i> < 0.01) were improved before and after the intervention. However, a significant interaction was not observed in FES-I (F = 1.335, <i>p</i> = 0.261, ηp2 = 0.06).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 12-week body-weight-based resistance training program enhanced lower-extremity muscle strength and balance ability but did not lessen the fear of falling in community-dwelling older women. The study findings offer relevant information for fall prevention in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"External Load Variability in Elite Futsal: Positional Demands and Microcycle Structuring for Player Well-Being and Performance.","authors":"Héctor Gadea-Uribarri, Elena Mainer-Pardos, Ainhoa Bores-Arce, Rafael Albalad-Aiguabella, Sergio López-García, Carlos Lago-Fuentes","doi":"10.3390/sports13010007","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to compare the external load of each session along competitive microcycles on an elite futsal team, considering the positions and relationships of the players. The external load of 10 elite players from a First Division team in the Spanish Futsal League (age 27.5 ± 7 years, height 1.73 ± 0.05 m, weight 70.1 ± 3.8 kg) were recorded across 30 microcycles. The players' external loads were monitored using OLIVER devices. To analyse the external load, Levene's test was conducted to assess the homogeneity of variances, followed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to identify differences in dependent variables across the different microcycle days and player positions. Regarding external load during the microcycle, the day with the lowest external load was MD-1, and the days with the highest external load were MD-3 and MD-4. In addition, considering playing positions, pivots exhibited the lowest loads throughout the microcycle, whereas wingers and defenders exhibited the highest loads, depending on the variables analysed. By providing reference values from elite contexts, this study offers practical insights for S&C coaches to optimize microcycles. Furthermore, it contributes to workload management strategies within sport science and public health frameworks, promoting sustainable performance and athlete wellness in futsal.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arm Propulsion in Front Crawl Stroke.","authors":"Cristian Romagnoli, Vincenzo Bonaiuto, Giorgio Gatta","doi":"10.3390/sports13010006","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: This study aims to determine the propulsive force and effective arm area contributed by the propulsion through the dynamic balance (power balance) between drag and propulsive power in swimming crawl performance. <b>Methods</b>: Ten male swimmers participated in the study. The athletes conducted the crawl trials at a constant velocity using only the upper limbs. Data were collected using a Spectro instrument to measure the drag and 3D video analysis for kinematic of upper limbs movement. <b>Results</b>: The power balance was confirmed through the Bland-Altman estimation (estimated bias 8.5) and was also demonstrated by a one-way analysis of variance that does not show statistical differences. Subsequently, by applying the power balance, the effective propulsive area could be estimated. The result shows an increase of ~8.5% over the value at the hand area used to verify the power balance. This value appears to be attributable to a percentage of the forearm area to propulsive action. <b>Conclusions</b>: This information will allow athletes and coaches to constantly monitor the propulsive force and power, providing useful data on arm movement and swimming technique. Indeed, deeper knowledge about the athlete's swimming technique can reduce the possibility of suffering micro-traumas in the elbows and shoulders.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability, Objectivity, Validity and Reference Levels of the Austrian Balance Check (ABC)-A Novel Balance Field Test for Children, Adolescents and Young Adults to Assess Static Balance.","authors":"Gerald Jarnig, Reinhold Kerbl, Mireille N M van Poppel","doi":"10.3390/sports13010005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Balance is a relevant indicator of physical fitness and correlates with intellectual abilities. Due to limited resources, however, balance tests are underrepresented in fitness checks. To develop an effective field test to assess static balance with minimal cost, little spatial requirement and short testing time, a cross-sectional pilot study was conducted in three different school types (primary school, secondary school, and high school) and the reliability, objectivity and validity of the novel Austrian Balance Check (ABC) were assessed, with the generation of age- and gender-specific reference values. Tests were carried out with participants from regular school classes (RSC) and elite sports school classes (ESC). A total of 1005 participants were included (age range: 6.2 to 19.8 years). Participants in RSC (ICC_2.1 = 0.92, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.93) showed excellent values, and those in ESC (ICC_2.1 = 0.89, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.93) had good to excellent values in the reliability test. Objectivity was excellent in both groups (RSC (ICC_2.1 = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 0.99); ESC (ICC_2.1 = 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99)). A gold standard comparison using an electronic force plate showed a strong negative correlation: participants with high overall ABC scores showed less movement on the force plate (parameters of the center of pressure: surface area (ρ = -0.61), mean velocity (ρ = -0.65) and path length (ρ = -0.65). The test duration of ABC was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) shorter compared with an established balance test. ABC offers potential benefits by allowing field-based static balance testing in large groups with low cost, minimal time and spatial requirements as well as high reliability, objectivity and validity.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating Questionnaires for Lower Limb Rehabilitation Systems and Devices: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Angie D Moscoso, Vera Z Pérez, Manuel J Betancur","doi":"10.3390/sports13010004","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article aims to make a scoping review of Validating Questionnaires used in the field of lower limb (LL) rehabilitation in which systems, devices or exergames are used. Its main objective is to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the results obtained in the validation of questionnaires, as well as to identify specific criteria for evaluating systems, devices or exergames in the area of LL rehabilitation, through the analysis of validating instruments and their application in different associated contexts. The article details the methodology employed, a PRISMA ScR method review which included database research and an evaluation of the selected studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select all relevant studies, resulting in 81 studies after initial review based on titles and abstracts. Subsequently, the criteria were again applied to read the full text, resulting in 58 final studies. The document distinguishes between standardized and non-standardized validating questionnaires, emphasizing that standardized validating questionnaires have undergone rigorous statistical processes to ensure their validity, reliability and consistency. The information compiled in the tables provides a solid basis for identifying and evaluating validation questionnaires in the above-mentioned context. This resource constitutes an accurate and reliable reference for selecting the most appropriate instruments for future research and comparisons with similar work. This article is a valuable resource for those interested in the validation of questionnaires used in the field of lower limb rehabilitation systems/devices/exergames.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habits Related to Strength Training of Brazilian Recreational Runners.","authors":"Wagner K A Santos, Lucas D M Forte, Alexandre S Silva, Hallisson V de O Rufino, Lucas de F Vieira, João M F Lima Silva, Mabliny Thuany, Reginaldo Gonçalves, Ytalo M Soares","doi":"10.3390/sports13010003","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite strength training (ST) being well characterized by professional runners, little is known about the inclusion of ST models for recreational runners. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of ST in the training practices of recreational runners, with a focus on understanding its characteristics and the motivations of recreational athletes for including ST in their routines. To this end, 801 recreational runners (493 male and 308 female) completed a structured questionnaire regarding their training habits, the inclusion of ST, and its characteristics, concerning the type of ST, training volume, and the reasons for including ST in their training programs. To assess the possible associations between categorical variables, data were analyzed using the chi-square test for independent samples. Approximately 625 runners (78.1%) reported that they included ST in their training routine, with a statistically significant difference between the sexes (men: 73.5% vs. women: 85.4%; X² = 14.09; <i>p</i> = 0.01). Traditional strength training (TST) was the predominant type of ST included (78.5%), with most participants performing 2-4 sets and 8-12 repetitions per set at a frequency of 3-4 sessions per week. The importance of ST was primarily attributed to performance improvement (85%). The results suggest that recreational runners incorporate different types of ST into their training routines, with TST being the predominant type perceived by runners as a valuable asset for improving running performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Active and Passive Glenohumeral Rotational Deficits in Professional Tennis Players: Use of Normative Values at 90° and 45° of Abduction to Make Decisions in Injury-Prevention Programs.","authors":"Maite Terré, Juliette Tlaiye, Monica Solana-Tramunt","doi":"10.3390/sports13010001","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Glenohumeral internal and external rotational range-of-movement deficits (GIRDs and GERDs) are some of the primary outcomes used to determine the risk of injury in overhead athletes, such as tennis players. Nevertheless, the current testing position does not consider the fact that most tennis actions are repeated at 45° of abduction, and actively. The aim of this study was to establish normative values of pathological GIRDs and GERDs in tennis players and to provide normative values for both the passive and active rotational range of motion of the glenohumeral joint at 90° and 45° of abduction. (2) Methods: Forty-three tennis players voluntarily participated in this study (19.1 ± 2.75 years). The dominant and non-dominant total glenohumeral rotational range of motion (TRROM), external rotation (ER), and internal rotation (IR) at 90° and 45° under active and passive conditions were evaluated. The GIRD and GERD were calculated in both positions and under both conditions. (3) Results: There were significant differences in all of the passive measurements between the 45° and 90° testing positions. The ER and TRROM at 90° and 45° showed significant differences under both passive and active conditions and on the dominant and non-dominant sides. Actively, there were no significant differences in the IR or TRROM for either the dominant or non-dominant side at 90° or 45°. (4) Conclusions: It is necessary to evaluate ER under the same conditions at 90° or 45°. Practitioners should consider assessing the ER for the angle at which most actions are repeated in tennis (45°) as a method to monitor GERDs. Evaluating GERDs in asymptomatic tennis players could help avoid future biomechanical and GIRD problems. Both GIRDs and GERDs should be considered as a percentage of the athlete's own deficit in IR or ER, instead of referencing specific degrees that have been observed in baseball pitchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11768688/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Workplace Supervised Exercise on Psychological Capital: An Intervention Study.","authors":"Carmen M Salvador-Ferrer, Pedro A Diaz-Fúnez, Álvaro Carrera-Ruiz, Montserrat Monserrat-Hernández, Enrique G Artero, Miguel A Mañas-Rodríguez","doi":"10.3390/sports13010002","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports13010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Public employees face a growing array of professional challenges, and psychological capital (PC) has emerged as a valuable resource to address them. Workplace supervised exercise (WSE) programs can improve physical fitness and personal resources, though their adoption in organizations is limited. This study examines the impact of a long-term WSE program on the psychological capital of public administration employees. Fifty-five participants completed PC questionnaires and attended at least 40% of the sessions; 49.1% were women, and 40% were over 50 years old (age range: 24-73 years). A quasi-experimental design without a control group was used with a longitudinal design, and a nine-month WSE program (from October to June) was implemented. The data show gender-specific variations in PC patterns. Among men, incremental increases were observed over the three measurement intervals, with statistical significance achieved only in self-efficacy and hope. Among women, an upward trend was observed between October and February without statistical significance, followed by a slight decline. The results suggest that the WSE program may enhance personal resources, particularly hope and self-efficacy, highlighting the importance of tailoring WSE programs to the specific characteristics of the target group.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11769115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Importance of Maximal Upper Body Strength-Generating Qualities and Upper Body Strength Training for Performance of High-Intensity Running and Jumping Actions: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Ivan Curovic, David Grecic, David Rhodes, Jill Alexander, Damian J Harper","doi":"10.3390/sports12120357","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12120357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the influence of upper body (UB) strength qualities and UB strength training on the performance of high-intensity running and jumping actions and to identify gaps and recommendations for future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search using the PRISMA Scoping Review protocol was conducted in February 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and ICTRP. Studies eligible for inclusion were those that reported associations between UB or trunk maximal strength qualities (e.g., absolute strength, forces, power) and high-intensity running or jumping actions or investigated the influence of an isolated UB strength training intervention on high-intensity running or jumping performances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 4730 articles, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting correlations for 16 high-intensity running or jumping tests. No intervention studies were identified. Preliminary findings of the limited number of studies highlight that greater UB maximal strength-generating capacity may positively influence repeated sprint ability. While a significant moderate correlation between greater absolute UB strength and faster \"flying\" sprint was also reported, mixed results were found for sprint acceleration. There is also evidence that change-of-direction performance may greatly benefit from high maximal isometric strength of all trunk muscles and that strong trunk extensors may enhance drop jumps.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review identifies the potential of UB strength to contribute to high-intensity running and jumping actions. Future research is warranted to investigate this link via various UB strength tests and UB strength training protocols aimed at maximising neuromuscular adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11679821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}