Sports最新文献

{"title":"The Influence of Pre-Competitive Anxiety and Self-Confidence on Dancesport Performance.","authors":"Sara Aliberti, Gaetano Raiola, Francesca D'Elia, Domenico Cherubini","doi":"10.3390/sports12110308","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Competitive dancesport (DS) performance is a multifactorial phenomenon influenced by physical and mental factors. The emotions experienced by athletes in competition are strongly linked to their sports performance. However, to our knowledge, no studies have investigated the direct relationship between performance and emotional states in DS. Consequently, the aims were four: (I) to investigate the influence of anxiety and self-confidence on DS performance; (II) to examine the influence of years of experience, prior victories, and perceived preparedness on performance outcomes; (III) to identify the optimal emotional state levels for peak performance; (IV) to investigate differences between different athletes' levels and class. The participants were 71 Italian DS athletes divided into three groups (22 B-class, 25 C-class, 24 D-class). Before competition, they supplied demographic information about their gender, years of experience, perceived preparedness, previous winnings in the current class, followed by the completion of the Italian version of Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2R). To assess the athletes' performance, the final classification of the competition was taken into consideration. The results showed that both overall and relative variables from the CSAI-2R significantly predicted performance outcomes (<i>p</i> < 0.05), although somatic anxiety did so to a lesser extent. Significant differences emerged between athletes of different classes in terms of years of experience (<i>p</i> = 0.000), perceived preparedness (<i>p</i> = 0.000), cognitive anxiety (<i>p</i> = 0.000) and self-confidence (<i>p</i> = 0.000). The optimal levels for good performance were cognitive anxiety (11.61 ± 2.27), somatic anxiety (15.77 ± 1.72) and self-confidence (15.12 ± 2.56). The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the multifactorial nature of competitive DS performance, particularly highlighting the significant role of emotional states such as anxiety and self-confidence, as well as other variables such as class, level, years of experience and perceived preparedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598632/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Race Performance During the Underwater Phases of a 200 m Bi-Fins Race Simulation After Application of Respiratory Muscle Training-A Case Study in the Current World Record Holder.","authors":"Tomáš Michalica, Jakub Březina, Marek Polach, Dennis-Peter Born, Jiří Mališ, Zbyněk Svozil, Eva Kociánová","doi":"10.3390/sports12110306","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maximal athletic performance can be limited by various factors, including restricted respiratory function. These limitations can be mitigated through targeted respiratory muscle training, as supported by numerous studies. However, the full potential of respiratory training in competitive finswimming has not been fully investigated. This case study aims to evaluate the effects of eight-week respiratory muscle training (RMT) on performance variability during the underwater phases of a 200 m bi-fins race simulation in an elite finswimmer (current world record holder and multiple world championship medalist). Performance variability was assessed based on pre-test, inter-test, and post-test data. Each measurement included pulmonary function and swim performance evaluations. In this study, underwater performance parameters, such as distance, time, velocity, and number of kicks, were assessed using video analysis synchronized with race timing and evaluated using the Dartfish software. The swimmer followed a 28-day training program with an Airofit PRO™ respiratory trainer between tests, with daily sessions targeting both inspiratory and expiratory muscles. The training involved 6-10 min of targeted exercises per day. Significant improvements were observed in Wilcoxon's paired-sample test between the pre-test and post-test results in terms of underwater distance (<i>p</i> = 0.012; d = 1.26), underwater time (<i>p</i> = 0.012; d = 1.26), and number of underwater kicks (<i>p</i> = 0.043; d = 1.01), resulting in a 14.23% longer underwater distance, 14.08% longer underwater time, and 14.94% increase in underwater kicks. Despite the increased distance and time, underwater velocity remained stable, indicating improved underwater performance efficiency. Despite some improvements, it is not possible to conclude that respiratory muscle training (RMT) can contribute to improved finswimming performance during the underwater phases of a 200 m bi-fins race simulation in this particular athlete's case. Further research with a larger sample size is necessary to fully understand the impact of RMT on finswimming performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility of a Non-Anticipatory, Random-Action Target System to Improve Shooting Performance: A Brief Field Trial.","authors":"Matthew Lee Smith, Ali Boolani","doi":"10.3390/sports12110305","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Firearm shooting performance training rightfully focuses on shooting accuracy; however, additional foci should include decision processing speed and reaction time associated with decision making to avoid reaction-only based shooting responses. While advancements in realistic training environments attempt to mimic \"real-world\" situations, many remain largely anticipatory or subject to a speed-accuracy trade-off (SAT). The purpose of this brief field trial was to demonstrate the feasibility of a random-action target system (RATS) on participants' shooting performance (i.e., accuracy, omission, and commission rates) among a convenience sample of six retired police officers and competitive shooters (age range: 45-58 years, mean age = 52.5 ± 5.89). Observational data were gathered from a single-day, three-round trial to test shooting accuracy and shooting errors when shooters were unable to anticipate target appearance location and target exposure speed. In Trial 1, the target exposure time was 0.5 s, which increased to 0.7 s in Trial 2, and decreased back to 0.5 s in Trial 3. Shooting accuracy generally increased, while omission and commission generally decreased, when shooters were presented with targets exposed for longer durations. From Trial 1 to Trial 3 (both trials with 0.5 s target exposures), shooters showed higher median accuracy rates, lower median omission rates, and lower median commission rates. Findings suggest that a non-anticipatory, RATS holds promise for improving shooting performance and offset SAT among shooters with firearm experience. However, additional trials are needed with the RATS to replicate these findings among a larger and more diverse set of participants, who train with the RATS consistently, over longer durations.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Proprioceptive Exercises on Postural Control in Handball Players with Chronic Ankle Instability-A Non-Randomized Control Trial.","authors":"Bogdan-Alexandru Antohe, Elena-Adelina Panaet","doi":"10.3390/sports12110304","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This paper aims to investigate the impact of proprioceptive exercises on postural control in handball players with chronic ankle instability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research participants (<i>n</i> = 22) were divided into two groups: the experimental group (<i>n</i> = 11) and the control group (<i>n</i> = 11). Chronic ankle instability was diagnosed using the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) questionnaire, while postural control was evaluated with the Iso-Shift stabilometric platform. The intervention consisted of a 15-week proprioceptive exercise program, with sessions performed three times a week. The rehabilitation protocol was conducted at the start of each training session, immediately following the warm-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests. Both groups improved their score on the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability (IdFAI) questionnaire (IdFAI_CG, <i>p</i> < 0.011; IdFAI_EG, <i>p</i> < 0.003) and reduced the number of ankle sprains (NS_EG, <i>p</i> < 0.008). Also, the experimental group had better results for the following tests: ellipse area with open eyes on the left leg (EA_I-OE_L, <i>p</i> < 0.009), ellipse area with closed eyes on the left leg (EA_I-CE_L, <i>p</i> < 0.033), anteroposterior deviation with open eyes on the left leg (APD_I-OE_L, <i>p</i> < 0.023), and the initial and final number of ankle sprains (NS_I, <i>p</i> < 0.01; NS_F, <i>p</i> < 0.024).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Athletes who suffer from chronic joint instability are more likely to experience severe postural deviations than those who do not have this condition. Proprioceptive exercises had a positive impact on postural control in both groups, but the experimental group showed a greater improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foam Rolling Intervention Improves Lactate Clearance After High-Intensity Exercise.","authors":"Kazuki Kasahara, Keita Oneyama, Takeru Ito, Masatoshi Nakamura, Genta Ochi","doi":"10.3390/sports12110303","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The acute effects of a foam rolling intervention on lactate clearance and the impaired executive function associated with fatigue after high-intensity exercise remain unclear. This study examined whether foam rolling is an effective tool for fatigue recovery. Eighteen healthy adults without consistent exercise habits participated in this study. Participants performed high-intensity exercises, and the post-exercise foam rolling intervention was compared to the control condition. Measurements included lactate, vigor/fatigue by the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition, cognitive function (cognitive task performance), leg and body rating of perceived exertion pre- and post-exercise, and post-intervention. Blood lactate concentrations post-foam rolling intervention (-7.3 ± 3.0 mmol/L) were significantly reduced among all participants. Increased lactate clearance by foam rolling correlated with a faster recovery of executive function for those with greater lactate clearance. However, cognitive fatigue was not observed after high-intensity exercise (<i>p</i> = 0.086, r = 0.41). Lactate clearance was not significantly correlated with the rating of perceived exertion in the foam rolling condition. The rating of the perceived exertion decreased with increased lactate clearance for those with greater lactate clearance in the control condition (leg: r = 0.778; body: r = 0.669). In conclusion, foam rolling intervention may be effective for exhausting exercise recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficacy of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Athletes for Injury Management, Training Response, and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Hy Pham, Frank Spaniol","doi":"10.3390/sports12110302","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the prevalent use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in athletes and to comprehensively review the effectiveness and the results of these medications as it relates to injury management, training response, and overall sport performance. (2) Methods: An electronic literature search was performed in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. A total of 7 randomized controlled studies met the review's specific inclusion criteria from the 2250 studies initially identified within the PubMed database. (3) Results: In total, 346 adult female and male athletes from a variety of sporting activities and fitness levels were observed, of which 175 athletes were treated with either oral, topical, or local muscular infusion of an NSAID. Depending on study design, the outcomes focused on results obtained through physical exam findings, questionnaires, various performance metrics, and direct tissue sampling from microdialysis or biopsies. Across the 7 total studies, 2 articles focused on injured athletes and their varying pain responses with NSAIDs; 2 studies assessed the limited impact of NSAIDs on performance; and 3 articles revealed the use of NSAIDs correlating to no increases in either collagen synthesis or satellite cell activity after exercise. (4) Conclusions: The systematic review affirmed that NSAIDs can be effective for managing acute pain. However, their value appears to diminish when treating chronic injuries or if NSAIDs are expected to improve performance or have other ergogenic effects in athletes, as the aggregate data did not support such benefits. (5) Practical applications: NSAIDs can be beneficial for athletes in the right situation, but the fact that there are risks and possible disadvantageous results with their use highlights the importance of promoting appropriate expectations and the judicious use of these medications with the athletic community.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142733663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Male and Female Perceptions of Supervision During Strength Training.","authors":"Luke Carlson, Maria Hauger, Grace Vaughan-Wenner, James P Fisher","doi":"10.3390/sports12110301","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 1322 members of a 1-on-1 personalized strength training studio. A total of 366 respondents (<i>n</i> = 134 male and <i>n</i> = 232 female), all aged over 20 years, reported considerable training experience, with 55% of the males and 42% of the females reporting 5+ years of experience. The data were analyzed and reported descriptively with differences >5% identified based on the use of a 5-point Likert scale, the sample size, and the nature of the observations. Disparities between the males and females were identified; the males reported higher perceptions of managing effort, technique, and programming without supervision compared to the females. Safety was noted as being more important to the females compared to the males. Qualitatively, additional themes were raised including an analogy of the personal relationship between the trainer and trainee being similar to that between medical professionals and patients. This was validated where the participants discussed their adaptations from supervised strength training for maintaining quality of life in aging and recovering from medical conditions and injury. The data are discussed in the context of a previous body of literature suggesting males falsely report higher levels of confidence in tasks compared to females, particularly in relation to effort, role models, and verbal encouragement. We posit that the greater confidence expressed by males at least partially explains the greater engagement in strength training practices by males compared to females, as well as explaining the higher level of participation in supervised strength training by females compared to males. This research proves beneficial for strength training practitioners in enhancing their understanding and expectations of clients, as well as hopefully proving insightful in engaging more people in strength training.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treating Yourself in a Fairway: Examining the Contribution of Self-Compassion and Well-Being on Performance in a Putting Task.","authors":"Melanie R Burgess, Diane E Mack, Philip M Wilson, Leah J Ferguson","doi":"10.3390/sports12110300","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Researchers have advocated for greater insight regarding the contributions of psychological resources to sports performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of self-compassion and well-being to sports performance using a golf putting task. Male golfers (N = 87, M_age = 54.94; SD_age = 15.37 years) completed the Self-Compassion Scale-Athlete Version and the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale immediately prior to the golf putting task which consisted of 15 consecutive putts from 7 feet on an outdoor practice green. Performance was assessed immediately following the putting task. Simple linear regression analyses showed that self-compassion did not predict 'perceived' (β = -0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.06; ƒ² = 0.04) or 'actual' (β = -0.17, <i>p</i> = 0.11; ƒ² = 0.03) performance. Similarly, well-being did not predict 'perceived' (β = -0.16, <i>p</i> = 0.15; ƒ² = 0.03) or 'actual' performance (β = -0.01, <i>p</i> = 0.91; ƒ² = 0.00). Overall, the conclusions from this study offer converging evidence that self-compassion and well-being may not impact putting performance in adult male golfers. Greater insight into whether, and if so under what conditions, self-compassion and well-being matter to sports performance warrants additional scrutiny.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situational and Dispositional Achievement Goals and Measures of Sport Performance: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Marc Lochbaum, Cassandra Sisneros","doi":"10.3390/sports12110299","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purposes of this systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024510614, no funding source) were to quantify relationships between situational and dispositional dichotomous achievement goals and sport performance and explore potential relationship moderators. Published studies that reported at least one situational or dispositional achievement goal and a performance score were included. Studies without performance scores or based in a non-sport context were excluded. Information sources consisted of studies found in relevant published meta-analyses and EBSCOhost databases (finalized September 2024). The following statistics were conducted to assess the risk of bias: class-fail-safe <i>n</i>, Orwin's fail-safe <i>n</i>, and funnel plots with trim and fill estimates. The summary statistics were <i>r</i> and <i>d</i>. Thirty studies from 1994 to 2024 met all inclusion criteria with 8708 participants from Europe, Asia, North America, and Oceania. The majority of samples were non-elite male youths and adolescents. The random-effects relationships (<i>r</i>) between task climate, 0.20 [0.14, 0.25], task orientation, 0.17 [0.12, 0.23], ego orientation, 0.09 [0.03, 0.16], and sport performance were small and significantly different (<i>p</i> < 0.05) from zero, while the ego motivational climate relationship was not, -0.00 [-0.48, 0.05]. The random-effects standard differences in means (<i>d</i>) for both the task orientation, 0.08 [0.02, 0.14], and ego orientation, 0.11 [-0.05, 0.26] were minimal in meaningfulness. Mixed-effects moderator analyses resulted in the following significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) sub-group differences: subjective compared to objective performance measures (task orientation), elite compared to non-elite samples (task climate), and athlete-completed compared to coach-completed performance measures and performance records (task orientation). Finding only 30 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, which limited sub-group samples for moderation analyses, was the main limitation. Despite this limitation, AGT provides athletes and practitioners performance enhancement strategies. However, caution is warranted regarding relationship expectations given the small mean effect size values and the true prediction interval ranging from negative to positive, perhaps as a result of the heterogeneous samples and performance measures. A clear line of future research, considering the reviewed studies, with elite athletes is needed to verify the performance benefits of the task climate and ego orientation as well as the use of the ego goal orientation in selection decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Warmup Using a Flexible Bar to Increase Countermovement Jump.","authors":"Benjamin J Snyder, Anthony Caterisano, Evan P DiMaggio, Jackson D King","doi":"10.3390/sports12110298","DOIUrl":"10.3390/sports12110298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preparation of athletes to begin a competition or enter mid-competition with the ability to reach peak performance immediately may be partly dependent on the efficacy of the warmup protocol. Previous research on flexible barbells reported significant differences in muscle activation when compared to steel barbells. The manufacturers of handheld flexible bars with a combined weight of 3.63 kg claim that using them immediately before competition helps increase power and jump height. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of maximal jumping with handheld flexible bars on maximal jump parameters in Division-I American collegiate football players. Participants completed 10 warmup jumps with no weight, flexible barbells, or similarly weighted dumbbells and immediately completed a maximal countermovement jump. When comparing the effects of different high-velocity warmup (HVW) protocols, there were no differences in any jump parameters as measured by a portable force plate. Likewise, the use of flexible bars during the warmup did not result in enhanced muscle activity when executing a maximal jump in comparison to control conditions. Based on these results there is no evidence to support the use of flexible bars during a warmup just prior to entry into a competition to enhance jumping power.</p>","PeriodicalId":53303,"journal":{"name":"Sports","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11598225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142734586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}