Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity最新文献

{"title":"Impact of GO and ITO nanostructures’ performance on the nanostructure and optical behavior of a newly fabricated blended-PPY conductive polymer for antibacterial applications","authors":"Rand Waleed,&nbsp;Ehssan Al-Bermany","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid nanomaterials are attracting growing attention for their ability to improve the functional performance of polymer-based systems, making them strong contenders for advanced applications in the electronics and biomedical fields. In this study, novel hybrid nanocomposites were developed based on a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 matrix blended with the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles. The nanocomposites were fabricated using a solution-casting technique, with improved dispersion achieved through mechanical stirring and ultrasonication. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images revealed a smooth surface morphology and an homogeneous distribution of nanomaterials within the polymer matrix. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated strong physical interactions between the composite components, with X-ray diffraction confirming the semicrystalline behavior of PVP, which was strongly impacted by the contribution of the nanomaterials. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed significantly enhanced optical behavior, with a notable reduction in the optical band gap from ∼3.43 to 1.63 eV, indicating improved electronic transition efficiency. Furthermore, the well-dried solid films exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones increasing by 53.8% against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and 46.1% against <em>Escherichia coli</em>. These findings highlight the novelty and multifunctionality of the developed nanocomposites, demonstrating their strong potential for use in flexible optical-electronics devices, antibacterial coatings, tissue engineering, and sensor applications and addressing current societal needs in the health, environmental, and medical sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and anticancer potentials of graphene-silicon nitride nanomaterials-enhanced polymer nanocomposites: advanced characterization and optical behavior insights","authors":"Rawaa A. Abdul-Nabi ,&nbsp;Ehssan Al-Bermany","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid nanomaterials (HNMs) have become more interesting to researchers for various optoelectronic and biological applications. In response, this investigation focuses on the impact of loading ratios of (0, 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %) of HNMs from graphene oxide (GO) and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄). HNMs are utilized to reinforce blended polymers, including polyethylene oxide (PEO), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and nano-polyaniline (PANI) to fabricate (PEO_100K–CMC–PANI/GO–Si₃N₄) using the developed sol–gel-ultrasonic procedure. X-ray diffraction revealed semi-crystalline behavior among all samples, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed strong physical interfacial interactions among the sample components. Meanwhile, field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies showed a fine dispersion and a homogeneous matrix with significant changes. The optical absorption behavior revealed continuous high absorption peaks at 200–280-nm wavelengths, which strongly impacts (GO–Si₃N₄). Increases in concentration also strongly impact (GO–Si₃N₄), which results in an improved optical energy gap for the allowed and forbidden transitions from 3.5 eV for the blended polymer to 3 and 2.9 eV by increasing the HNM content. The contributions of HNMs notably enhance the ability to reduce the zones of the bacteria, especially <em>Escherichia coli</em>, from 18 to 26 mm. In effect, HNMs with a concentration higher than 5 % assist in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer (A549) cells. As such, these NCs present good optical behavior for multi-applications, such as biosensors and biological and optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are desirable biosecurity trainings for veterinary practitioners and farmers?","authors":"Anna Maria Iatrou ,&nbsp;Blerta Mehmedi Kastrati ,&nbsp;Rreze M. Gecaj ,&nbsp;Georgios Batikas ,&nbsp;Jarkko K. Niemi ,&nbsp;Claude Saegerman ,&nbsp;Alberto Oscar Allepuz ,&nbsp;Wiebke Jansen ,&nbsp;Nancy De Briyne ,&nbsp;Daniele De Meneghi ,&nbsp;Murat Yılmaz ,&nbsp;Evelien Biebaut ,&nbsp;Ramazan Yildiz ,&nbsp;Marco De Nardi ,&nbsp;Carla Correia-Gomes ,&nbsp;Tarmo Niine","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective biosecurity training is essential for disease prevention in livestock systems; however, substantial gaps persist. We combined an online survey (74 fully completed questionnaires; 267 views) with two World Café workshops (∼60 participants) to map the current provision, competence levels, and training needs across Europe. Key findings: (i) self-rated biosecurity knowledge differed markedly between stakeholder groups and veterinarians and other stakeholders reported median scores close to 80/100; (ii) more than three-quarters of cattle (77 %) and 70 % of swine veterinarians perceived a major gap in their ability to demonstrate the economic benefits of biosecurity to clients; (iii) 39 – 44 % of cattle and small-ruminant veterinarians reported inadequate mixed (theory + practice) training formats, and up to 50 % of poultry veterinarians identified deficits in communication and behavior-change skills; (iv) across all discussions, participants favored modular, blended delivery that couples concise e-learning with on-farm coaching, supported by externally audited certification and greater farmer co-design. Therefore, recommendations focus on developing species-specific, flexible modules that embed communication and cost-benefit elements, provide micro-learning units for time-constrained farmers, and operate within a tiered certification framework linked to continuing professional development. Implementing these measures will narrow competence gaps, strengthen veterinarian–farmer engagement, and enhance disease preparedness throughout European livestock production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 91-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory biosafety risk assessment: A critical component of avian influenza preparedness","authors":"Georgia McCluskey ,&nbsp;Ann Cornish ,&nbsp;Ian G. Barr,&nbsp;Chuan Kok Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 52-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health security disparities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A comparative analysis using an integrated MCDM and clustering approach","authors":"Adel A. Nasser ,&nbsp;Abed Saif Ahmed Alghawli ,&nbsp;S. Saleh ,&nbsp;Amani A.K. Elsayed","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze and compare health security performance (HSP) between Gulf Cooperation Council and non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries within the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) for 2019 and 2021, recognizing the critical role of health security in managing global health threats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized data from the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) for 2019 and 2021. Key health security priorities were identified using the entropy objective weighting method. The VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method was employed to rank countries based on overall performance. K-means clustering was applied to group countries with similar health security profiles. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to assess relationships between independent HSP indicators and overall performance scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant shift in health security priorities within the EMR was observed between 2019 and 2021, with prevention gaining prominence. Gulf Cooperation Council countries emphasized detection and reporting, while non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries prioritized health systems and prevention. Gulf Cooperation Council countries, particularly Qatar and Saudi Arabia, consistently demonstrated strong HSP. Conversely, non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries facing conflict and instability, such as Yemen, Somalia, and Syria, exhibited weaker performance. Health system capacity, prevention, detection and reporting, and risk environment showed robust correlations with overall HSP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the necessity for tailored, adaptive policies to address HSP disparities across regions, highlighting investment in prevention, detection, and reporting. It stresses international collaboration, improved policy implementation, and ongoing research to enhance global health security systems across diverse contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 38-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of ZnO nanoparticles from Juglans regia dry husk extract for biomedical applications","authors":"Khetam Habeeb Rasool ,&nbsp;Wedian K. Abad ,&nbsp;Ahmed N. Abd","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The worldwide problem of antibiotic resistance threatens public health, necessitating the search for antimicrobial agents that are not only effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria but also harmless to the environment. Metal nanoparticles and their oxides are promising agents for battling antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and nanoparticles (NPs) of any size or form can be manufactured in high quality using low-cost and simple-to-follow processes that are friendly to the<!--> <!-->environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) that were synthesized using the extract of Juglans regia dried husk, a waste product. Extract components were<!--> <!-->used as capping and reducing agents in reactions with zinc acetate salt. The properties of ZnO NPs were examined using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The antibacterial activity ZnO NPs against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans, which were isolated from patients with urinary tract infection, was assessed using the agar well diffusion method.<!--> <!-->ZnO NPs produced using the aqueous extract of Juglans regia dried husk had a band gap of 3.5 eV, which was determined using UV–visible spectra in the wavelength range of 200–1100 nm. The FTIR spectra of ZnO NPs, acquired in the range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹, contained bands corresponding to specific functional groups of biomolecules and metal oxides. X-ray patterns were acquired in the range of 2θ = 20° to 80°. The crystallite size of produced ZnO NPs, calculated using Scherrer’s formula, was 8.7 nm. The wurtzite hexagonal structure of ZnO NPs was confirmed by the presence of the wide band at 495 to 850 cm⁻¹. The peaks in the XRD pattern corresponded to the (100), (002), (101), (110), (103), and (201) planes. Prepared nanoparticles were semispherical, with a grain diameter of approximately 23 nm and mean roughness (Sa) of 1.65 nm. According to the results of antibacterial testing, ZnO NPs exhibited the greatest growth inhibition effect against Staphylococcus epidermidis, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans (diameter of inhibition zones of 37 ± 0.89, 35.6 ± 0.52, 33.3 ± 1.36, and 35 ± 0.89 mm, respectively). ZnO NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity owing to their distinct toxicity toward microorganisms. Hence, they can be applied as antimicrobial agents in medicine, surgery, diagnostics, and nanomedicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A targeted vaccination strategy: Integrating vaccines into biosafety, biosecurity, and one health initiatives","authors":"Laith N. AL-Eitan,&nbsp;Rabi A. Abu Khiarah,&nbsp;Diana L. Almahdawi","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vaccination has saved millions of lives and is regarded as one of modern medicine’s most important successes. Effective vaccination programs should be based on risk assessment that considers demographic and occupational factors. When developing a vaccination program, it is essential to identify the target groups, including travelers, infants, high-risk workers, and those in critical roles such as farming and agriculture. In biosafety and biosecurity, vaccines are a key component of measures designed to protect laboratory personnel, the community, and the environment. Guidelines from global health organizations such as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are tailored to specific pathogens and depend on the type of work performed and the associated risk. These guidelines are continuously revised and updated to ensure the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Vaccines also play a role in One Health approaches that are focused on the interconnectedness of animals, humans, and the environment. Targeted vaccination strategies for both domestic animals and wildlife are necessary to maintain animal health, improve livestock productivity, and prevent the spread of zoonotic and foodborne diseases to humans. In this paper, we aimed to provide an overview regarding the crucial roles of vaccines in biosafety, biosecurity, and One Health approaches, as well as to highlight the importance of targeted and personalized strategies to improve the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Herein, we also discuss various vaccines aimed at specific target groups as recommended by global health organizations, with a particular emphasis on laboratory workers and the vaccines necessary to reduce laboratory-acquired infections. Finally, we discuss animal vaccines and targeted strategies for vaccinating domestic and wildlife populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 9-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence to biosafety and biosecurity protocols: An assessment of biomedical and veterinary laboratories in Benin","authors":"Philippe Sessou ,&nbsp;Nestor Noudeke ,&nbsp;Yves Eric Denon ,&nbsp;Aretas Tonouhewa ,&nbsp;Alban Zohoun ,&nbsp;Nassirou Boukary ,&nbsp;Désirée Metodakou ,&nbsp;Brian Samuelson ,&nbsp;Dana Hag Hamed ,&nbsp;Jenny Zhao ,&nbsp;Sumegha Asthana ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abid ,&nbsp;Erin M. Sorrell","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diagnostic laboratories play a crucial role in surveillance and epidemic preparedness. However, gaps in adherence to biosecurity and biosafety protocols in managing, isolating, storing, and disposing of infectious pathogens in these facilities pose a serious risk to the laboratory, local populations, and the surrounding environment. In this study, we evaluated adherence to biosecurity and biosafety protocols in 96 public and private biomedical and veterinary laboratories in Benin to identify and address such gaps. We followed a cross-sectional study design. We used the Biosafety and Biosecurity in Laboratory Tool to assess biomedical laboratories and the Laboratory Mapping Tool to assess veterinary laboratories. Data were collected using KoBoCollect and analyzed with R software version 4.0.5. Descriptive analysis, the chi-squared test, and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed that most laboratories did not comply with established guidelines. Of all laboratories surveyed, 42% presented a very high risk, 38% a high risk, 15% moderate risk, and 5% were low risk. Overall, 80% of biomedical laboratories and 100% of veterinary laboratories were rated high risk. To improve effective biosecurity practices in laboratories in Benin to an acceptable standard, it is essential to implement robust biosecurity and biosafety policies. Additionally, capacity-building sessions should be conducted for laboratory staff and managers to educate them on the latest biosecurity protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 28-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformative advances in veterinary laboratory practices: Evaluating the impact of preliminary training in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan","authors":"Javed Khan ,&nbsp;Asghar Ali ,&nbsp;Shaukat Khan ,&nbsp;Murad Khan ,&nbsp;Saima Mohsin ,&nbsp;Cecelia Madsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Veterinary laboratories face distinct challenges in Pakistan, including inadequate infrastructure, resources, and training opportunities, especially in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan regions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of training sessions for veterinary laboratory staff to improve methods and protocols related to sample collection, storage, and transport, while ensuring strict compliance with biosafety and biosecurity guidelines. The study employed a mixed methods approach, incorporating qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Hands-on training, essential laboratory equipment, and a comprehensive training kit, including personal protective equipment (PPE), were provided to 13 laboratories within the Livestock and Dairy Development Departments of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. A random sample of 152 individuals from a cohort of 314 trained personnel was selected to assess procedural changes post-training, supplemented by Training Needs Assessments (TNAs) and follow-up visits. Data collection involved a combination of open- and closed-ended questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus group discussions by trained enumerators to maintain a standardized approach. Significant improvements were observed in laboratory practices and procedures, staff competency in sample collection, necropsy techniques, labeling, storage, a chain of custody, packaging, and transport, as well as biosafety and biosecurity practices, such as effective use of PPEs, good laboratory practices, standard operating procedures, handling of sharps, and waste management. However, areas needing refinement, particularly waste management protocols, were identified. The integrated approach combining TNAs, training initiatives, and resource distribution, including laboratory equipment and PPEs, was pivotal in achieving these outcomes. This comprehensive strategy provides a basis for improving biosafety and biosecurity measures within laboratories, thereby contributing to the global effort to mitigate unauthorized access to high-risk pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 258-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudovirus technology in global health: A critical need for robust biosecurity measures","authors":"Abhijit Poddar ,&nbsp;S.R. Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 223-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000384/pdfft?md5=e08b2d7d323a451bf516682ba068e063&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000384-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}