Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity最新文献

{"title":"Transformative advances in veterinary laboratory practices: Evaluating the impact of preliminary training in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan provinces of Pakistan","authors":"Javed Khan ,&nbsp;Asghar Ali ,&nbsp;Shaukat Khan ,&nbsp;Murad Khan ,&nbsp;Saima Mohsin ,&nbsp;Cecelia Madsen","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Veterinary laboratories face distinct challenges in Pakistan, including inadequate infrastructure, resources, and training opportunities, especially in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan regions. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of training sessions for veterinary laboratory staff to improve methods and protocols related to sample collection, storage, and transport, while ensuring strict compliance with biosafety and biosecurity guidelines. The study employed a mixed methods approach, incorporating qualitative and quantitative research techniques. Hands-on training, essential laboratory equipment, and a comprehensive training kit, including personal protective equipment (PPE), were provided to 13 laboratories within the Livestock and Dairy Development Departments of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. A random sample of 152 individuals from a cohort of 314 trained personnel was selected to assess procedural changes post-training, supplemented by Training Needs Assessments (TNAs) and follow-up visits. Data collection involved a combination of open- and closed-ended questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus group discussions by trained enumerators to maintain a standardized approach. Significant improvements were observed in laboratory practices and procedures, staff competency in sample collection, necropsy techniques, labeling, storage, a chain of custody, packaging, and transport, as well as biosafety and biosecurity practices, such as effective use of PPEs, good laboratory practices, standard operating procedures, handling of sharps, and waste management. However, areas needing refinement, particularly waste management protocols, were identified. The integrated approach combining TNAs, training initiatives, and resource distribution, including laboratory equipment and PPEs, was pivotal in achieving these outcomes. This comprehensive strategy provides a basis for improving biosafety and biosecurity measures within laboratories, thereby contributing to the global effort to mitigate unauthorized access to high-risk pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 258-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons for biosecurity education from the International Nuclear Security Education Network","authors":"Iris Magne ,&nbsp;Olivia Ibbotson ,&nbsp;Lijun Shang ,&nbsp;Malcolm Dando","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advances in technology and life science, biological security is now at a defining moment. The mandate of the 2022 Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention 9th Review Conference emphasised the urgent need for new tools to strengthen the Convention. In this paper, we review the development and efforts of the International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) to provide examples of best practice for implementation of the newly founded International Biological Security Education Network (IBSEN). Learning from the lessons of the INSEN, the sustainability of the network through continuous engagement of its members is essential for the further development of global biosecurity education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 252-257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulations of a two-strain dengue model to investigate the efficacy of the deployment of Wolbachia-carrying mosquitoes and vaccination for reducing the incidence of dengue infections","authors":"Meksianis Z. Ndii ,&nbsp;Nursanti Anggriani ,&nbsp;Bertha S. Djahi ,&nbsp;Sanubari Tansah Tresna ,&nbsp;Fatuh Inayaturohmat","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the usefulness of a two-serotype dengue mathematical model to gain insights into the effects of antibody-dependent enhancement and temperature on dengue transmission dynamics in the presence of vaccination and <em>Wolbachia</em>-carrying mosquitoes. In particular, the effects of temperature on the mosquito death and maturation rates in secondary infections were examined. A deterministic mathematical model was formulated and analysed to address this problem. The results suggest that controlling the population of aquatic mosquitoes is appropriate for reducing the incidence of secondary infections. Furthermore, the <em>wAu Wolbachia</em> strain was more effective in reducing secondary infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000487/pdfft?md5=c755ea23a43690b6930ae1a984285d28&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000487-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stochastic epidemic model with time delays and unreported cases based on Markovian switching","authors":"H.J. Alsakaji ,&nbsp;Y.A. El-Khatib ,&nbsp;F.A. Rihan (PhD; DSc) ,&nbsp;A. Hashish","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Disease dynamics are influenced by changes in the environment. In this study, unreported cases (U), environmental perturbations, and exogenous events are included in the epidemic Susceptible–Exposed–Infectious–Unreported–Removed model with time delays. We examine the process of switching from one regime to another at random. Ergodicity and stationary distribution criteria are discussed. A Lyapunov function is used to determine several conditions for disease extinction. The spread of a disease is affected when transitioning from one random regime to another via sudden external events, such as hurricanes. The model and theoretical results are validated using numerical simulations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000475/pdfft?md5=f82949cbd4a1b36883019913a7b759e8&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000475-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142230135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity, virulence profiles, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from typhoid fever patients in Baghdad, Iraq","authors":"Muna Sabah Dawood,&nbsp;Nadheema Hammood Hussein,&nbsp;Khetam Habeeb Rasool","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Typhoid fever is an important health issue in developing countries, and the pathogenicity of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> serovar Typhi (<em>S.</em> ser. Typhi) depends on the presence of different virulence factors. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the spread of virulence genes among <em>S.</em> Typhi isolates from patients with typhoid fever in Baghdad, Iraq. Sixty <em>S.</em> Typhi isolates were collected from several hospitals in Baghdad and identified using VITEK-II and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction <strong>(</strong>PCR) to detect the <em>16S rRNA</em> gene. After testing their susceptibility to different antimicrobials (via the disk diffusion method), we found the highest resistance rates (100 %) were to ampicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone. The highest sensitivity rates (100 %) were to ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. The presence of genes encoding for virulence in <em>S.</em> Typhi isolates was tested by conventional PCR. The results showed that out of 60 isolates, 59 (98.3 %), 59 (98.3 %), 58 (96.7 %), and 60 (100 %) were positive for <em>viaB, staA, cdtB,</em> and <em>orfL</em> genes, respectively. The sequencing of PCR products (<em>viaB, staA, cdtB,</em> and <em>orfL</em> genes) was carried out at the Macrogen Company (Seoul, Korea). The sequences were compared with nucleotide sequences in the BLAST GenBank database, and data obtained from the sequencing of these virulence genes were submitted to GenBank under different accession numbers. A phylogenetic analysis of the <em>16S rRNA</em> gene sequence found a high similarity between local sequences and the closely related sequences of genes in GenBank. The presence of the <em>viaB, staA, cdtB,</em> and <em>orfL</em> virulence genes in nearly all of the isolates under examination suggests that they play an important role in the pathogenicity of local isolates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000396/pdfft?md5=29e047c9e195776b3f4303349920534c&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000396-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudovirus technology in global health: A critical need for robust biosecurity measures","authors":"Abhijit Poddar ,&nbsp;S.R. Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 4","pages":"Pages 223-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000384/pdfft?md5=e08b2d7d323a451bf516682ba068e063&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000384-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142050451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational modeling and inhibition of SARS-COV-2 Papain-like protease enzyme: A potential therapeutic approach for COVID-19","authors":"Auwal Rabiu Auwal ,&nbsp;Isa Abdullahi Baba ,&nbsp;Evren Hincal ,&nbsp;Fathalla A. Rihan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to investigate the potential impact of inhibitors targeting the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 on viral replication and the host immune response. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the interaction among susceptible cells, infected cells, PLpro, and immune cells, incorporating data on PLpro inhibition. Through numerical simulations using MATLAB, the model parameters were estimated based on available statistical data. The results indicate that strategically positioned inhibitors could impede the virus’s access to host cellular machinery, thereby enhancing the immune response and gradually reducing susceptible and infected cells over time. The dynamics of the viral enzyme PLpro showed reduced activity with the introduction of the inhibitor, leading to a decline in viral replication. Moreover, the immune cell population exhibited functional recovery as the inhibitor suppressed PLpro activity. These findings suggest that inhibitors targeting PLpro may serve as therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting viral replication and bolstering the immune response.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 211-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000372/pdfft?md5=fdbf876165b0e2e2b70466ae5d584222&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000372-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Interplay Between Social Awareness and the Use of Bed Nets in a Malaria Control Program","authors":"Iffatricia Haura Febiriana ,&nbsp;Dipo Aldila ,&nbsp;Bevina Desjwiandra Handari ,&nbsp;Puji Budi Setia Asih ,&nbsp;Muhamad Hifzhudin Noor Aziz","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aims to understand the effect of human awareness and the use of bed nets on malaria control programs. A deterministic host-vector mathematical model was utilized and simplified using the Quasi-Steady State Approximation, assuming the mosquito population is at equilibrium due to its fast, dynamic behavior. The model reveals two equilibrium states: the malaria-free equilibrium and the endemic equilibrium. The malaria-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than one and unstable if it is larger than one. Conversely, the malaria-endemic equilibrium is unique and stable if the reproduction number exceeds one and does not exist otherwise. Based on incidence data from Papua, parameter estimation and sensitivity analyses indicate that human awareness and the use of bed nets significantly reduce the reproduction number. To address budget constraints for interventions, the model was reformulated as an optimal control problem, characterized using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, and solved with the forward–backward sweep method. Numerical experiments were conducted to assess the impact of various scenarios on the malaria control program. Cost-effectiveness analyses employing ACER, ICER, and IAR metrics suggest that while the combined implementation of awareness campaigns and bed nets effectively reduces infections, it incurs high costs. In contrast, implementing human awareness campaigns alone emerges as the best strategy based on ACER, ICER, and IAR standards. This study demonstrates that enhancing human awareness and promoting the use of bed nets are effective strategies for controlling malaria. However, due to budget constraints, focusing solely on awareness campaigns proves to be the most cost-effective intervention. This approach not only reduces malaria transmission but also optimizes resource allocation, highlighting the importance of targeted educational programs in public health initiatives for malaria control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 196-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000359/pdfft?md5=286803da5b7a0c85dfa5ff19326db67a&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000359-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and optimal control of COVID-19 with comorbidity and three-dose vaccination in Indonesia","authors":"Muhammad Abdurrahman Rois ,&nbsp;Fatmawati ,&nbsp;Cicik Alfiniyah ,&nbsp;Santi Martini ,&nbsp;Dipo Aldila ,&nbsp;Farai Nyabadza","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobb.2024.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents and examines a COVID-19 model that takes comorbidities and up to three vaccine doses into account. We analyze the stability of the equilibria, examine herd immunity, and conduct a sensitivity analysis validated by data on COVID-19 in Indonesia. The disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally asymptotically stable whenever the basic reproduction number is less than one, while an endemic equilibrium exists and is globally asymptotically stable when the number is greater than one. Subsequently, the model incorporates two effective measures, namely public education and enhanced medical care, to determine the most advantageous approach for mitigating the transmission of the disease. The optimal control model is then determined using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. The integrated control strategy is the best method for reliably safeguarding the general population against COVID-19 infection. Cost evaluations and numerical simulations corroborate this conclusion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 181-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000347/pdfft?md5=e3f237c1b54058dbee82e284d716e498&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000347-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing poxvirus challenges in the Middle East to enhance biosafety and biosecurity measures","authors":"Laith N. AL-Eitan ,&nbsp;Haneen O. Ali ,&nbsp;Hana S. Abu Kharmah ,&nbsp;Maryam K. Alasmar ,&nbsp;Iliya Y. Khair ,&nbsp;Ahmad H. Mihyar","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobb.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The emergence and zoonotic transmission of poxviruses in the Middle East have been recognized as complex public health issues. Poxviruses, a vast family of DNA viruses, can infect many hosts, including animals and humans. The Middle East has had multiple epidemics of poxvirus infections (e.g., Monkeypox, Smallpox, and Camelpox) that have raised concerns owing to their detrimental effects on livestock, wildlife, and sporadic human cases. This review aims to thoroughly examine the complexity of the epidemiological patterns, intricate genetic diversity, and several contributing factors that support the emergence and zoonotic transmission of poxviruses in the Middle East. Several aspects of poxviruses contribute to the emergence of endemics and zoonotic breakouts, such as the complex nature of human-animal interactions, environmental changes, and their subtle capacity for viral adaptability. This review was compiled in the hopes of contributing to the current understanding of poxvirus biology and its implications for human and animal health in the Middle East. We provide a comprehensive overview of the most common poxviruses in the Middle East, including their classification, structure, replication cycle, pathogenesis, route of transmissions, and of how the Middle East has developed ways to mitigate these biological threats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 142-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588933824000335/pdfft?md5=951f14f2c0d40a84ed4f933830b032c0&pid=1-s2.0-S2588933824000335-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}