Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of commercial disinfectants Virkon®S and Microchem Plus against poliovirus","authors":"Leesa Bruggink,&nbsp;David Bagnara,&nbsp;Yi Nong,&nbsp;Matthew Kaye,&nbsp;Linda Hobday,&nbsp;Jade McKenzie,&nbsp;Ann Cornish,&nbsp;Bruce Thorley,&nbsp;Chuan Kok Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The WHO Global Action Plan for Poliovirus Containment, 4th edition (GAPIV) describes the necessary conditions for the containment of poliovirus material in poliovirus-essential facilities (PEFs). PEF status is achieved by successfully undergoing the process of certification by the Global Commission for the Certification of the Eradication of Poliomyelitis in compliance with GAPIV requirements. The GAPIV guidelines cover many topics, including waste management, decontamination, disinfection and sterilization. This element of GAPIV requires PEFs to demonstrate in-house validation of decontamination methods with supporting data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The method used for validation of chemical products for poliovirus decontamination in this study was based on processes outlined in European Standard EN14476, as recommended by the WHO GAPIV guidelines. In this study, the disinfectants 5 % Microchem Plus and 1 % Virkon®S were evaluated for efficacy against high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load using an endpoint dilution assay. A poliovirus Sabin 1 strain was used as the reference virus with the titre 8.33 log₁₀ CCID₅₀ (50 % cell culture infectious dose) in 0.1 ml.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The poliovirus titre after Microchem Plus treatment was calculated as 5.5 (representing a 2.8 CCID₅₀ titre reduction), indicating only partial inactivation. In contrast, poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load achieved &gt;4 log₁₀ CCID₅₀ titre reduction (≥6.8 and ≥5.8 reduction respectively), after Virkon®S treatment. The Virkon®S treatment results were at the limit of detection of the endpoint dilution assay, indicating complete inactivation, or as near complete that can be demonstrated with the assay. The virus culture results were confirmed by a molecular assay for the detection of enterovirus RNA.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Microchem Plus only partially inactivated poliovirus and cannot be relied upon as the sole decontaminant. In contrast, Virkon®S performed well for both high titre poliovirus in solutions with and without high organic load, achieving &gt;4 log₁₀ titre reduction for both, making Virkon®S a suitable disinfectant for poliovirus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 114-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and simulation of periodic lockdowns on COVID-19 dynamics using an adaptive SIRV model with daily-varying rates","authors":"Benny Yong ,&nbsp;Arief Anbiya","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce a model for analyzing periodic short-term COVID-19 lockdowns featuring short, alternating periods of <em>W</em> working days and <em>L</em> lockdown days with a weekly cycle: <span><math><mrow><mi>W</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>L</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></math></span>. A modified adaptive SIR epidemic model with vaccination (A-SIRV) with a smooth damping function is used to account for periodic suppression of the transmission rate. We use real-world COVID-19 data from Indonesia, United States, Singapore, and Israel to estimate the non-constant transmission and recovery rates using the Method of Variational Imbedding (MVI). The calculated rates reveal that the results of the simulation using A-SIRV models without a damping function approximate the real-world data accurately enough, with low RMSE and MAE values and high values for the coefficient of determination. We also validate the transmission rates with phases of Delta and Omicron variants and obtain agreeable results. We then simulate various scenarios of periodic short-term lockdown using the damped A-SIRV model, finding that implementing five working days and two lockdown days throughout the entire simulation period is sufficient for consistently flattening the number of active cases in the models for Indonesia and United States. However, for the Singapore and Israel models, the use of five working days and two lockdown days only flattens the number of active cases for several years before a blow-up, an extremely high peak of active cases, appears despite the periodic lockdown remaining in place. We then perform additional numerical simulations for Singapore and Israel models and find that the sudden extreme peak can be suppressed by three scenarios: increasing the share of vaccination to the susceptibles, reducing the number of working days per week to three, or using a dynamic policy of five working days per week followed by a policy shift to only two working days per week when sudden extreme peaks start to form. Our study finds that preventive vaccination should be emphasized while allowing partial economic activity during periodic lockdowns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 120-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145049120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening national biosafety capabilities and enhancing global biosafety governance","authors":"Chao Shan,&nbsp;Yuan Zhiming","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 137-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between TMPRSS2 gene rs2070788 and rs12329760 variants and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A study from Jordan","authors":"Sara S.H. Abu Zaid ,&nbsp;Omar F. Khabour ,&nbsp;Sawsan Abuhammad","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Symptoms of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), range from asymptomatic to life-threatening, affecting the respiratory system and many other organs, and involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, particularly its viral entry, is the enzyme transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). In response, in this study, polymorphisms in the <em>TMPRSS2</em> gene (rs2070788 and rs12329760) were examined for their association with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in Jordanians. The study participants (n = 861) included 427 individuals who had never contracted COVID-19 (control group) and 434 who had experienced the disease (case group). The case group was subsequently divided into two subgroups: severe (n = 166) and non-severe (n = 268) COVID-19. The results show that rs2070788 is associated with disease susceptibility in all inheritance models (P &lt; 0.05), as well as an association between rs12329760 and COVID-19 disease severity in both the dominant and over-dominant models (P &lt; 0.05). Further, a higher body mass index (BMI) and older age were associated with disease severity (p &lt; 0.05), though females were less likely to develop severe COVID-19 and to be hospitalized. In conclusion, polymorphisms in the <em>TMPRSS2</em> gene may be considered a potential predictor of COVID-19 outcomes in the Jordanian population. The study findings could be used to manage similar viral infections in Jordan in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientometric analysis of research on deliberate biosecurity threats reveals North-Transatlantic dominance","authors":"Suryesh Kumar Namdeo,&nbsp;Chandan GN","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Academic research is crucial to understanding and preparing for the fight against deliberate biological threats; yet, existing efforts have been fragmented, necessitating a more comprehensive examination of the field’s evolution. This study presents a scientometric analysis of deliberate biosecurity threats over the last 20 years, focusing on publication patterns, collaboration dynamics, research priorities, and leading publication venues. We analyzed 791 articles published between 2004 and 2023 using the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Results indicate a notable increase in publications dominated by North-Transatlantic countries, particularly the United States and the United Kingdom, which prioritize such areas as dual-use technology, synthetic biology, and virus-related biosecurity challenges. A comparative analysis of G7 and BRICS collaborations underscores substantial disparities in research output, with the G7 leading in international biosecurity research collaborations. Furthermore, the study reveals limited biosecurity research and collaboration in the Global South. Therefore, we encourage further exploration of biosecurity research to promote inclusive and collaborative global efforts. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and policymakers regarding biosecurity research priorities related to deliberate threats, and it highlights the need to address global disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of GO and ITO nanostructures’ performance on the nanostructure and optical behavior of a newly fabricated blended-PPY conductive polymer for antibacterial applications","authors":"Rand Waleed,&nbsp;Ehssan Al-Bermany","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid nanomaterials are attracting growing attention for their ability to improve the functional performance of polymer-based systems, making them strong contenders for advanced applications in the electronics and biomedical fields. In this study, novel hybrid nanocomposites were developed based on a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K30 matrix blended with the conductive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and reinforced with graphene oxide (GO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles. The nanocomposites were fabricated using a solution-casting technique, with improved dispersion achieved through mechanical stirring and ultrasonication. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images revealed a smooth surface morphology and an homogeneous distribution of nanomaterials within the polymer matrix. Meanwhile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated strong physical interactions between the composite components, with X-ray diffraction confirming the semicrystalline behavior of PVP, which was strongly impacted by the contribution of the nanomaterials. UV–Vis spectroscopy showed significantly enhanced optical behavior, with a notable reduction in the optical band gap from ∼3.43 to 1.63 eV, indicating improved electronic transition efficiency. Furthermore, the well-dried solid films exhibited superior antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones increasing by 53.8% against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and 46.1% against <em>Escherichia coli</em>. These findings highlight the novelty and multifunctionality of the developed nanocomposites, demonstrating their strong potential for use in flexible optical-electronics devices, antibacterial coatings, tissue engineering, and sensor applications and addressing current societal needs in the health, environmental, and medical sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 79-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What are desirable biosecurity trainings for veterinary practitioners and farmers?","authors":"Anna Maria Iatrou ,&nbsp;Blerta Mehmedi Kastrati ,&nbsp;Rreze M. Gecaj ,&nbsp;Georgios Batikas ,&nbsp;Jarkko K. Niemi ,&nbsp;Claude Saegerman ,&nbsp;Alberto Oscar Allepuz ,&nbsp;Wiebke Jansen ,&nbsp;Nancy De Briyne ,&nbsp;Daniele De Meneghi ,&nbsp;Murat Yılmaz ,&nbsp;Evelien Biebaut ,&nbsp;Ramazan Yildiz ,&nbsp;Marco De Nardi ,&nbsp;Carla Correia-Gomes ,&nbsp;Tarmo Niine","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective biosecurity training is essential for disease prevention in livestock systems; however, substantial gaps persist. We combined an online survey (74 fully completed questionnaires; 267 views) with two World Café workshops (∼60 participants) to map the current provision, competence levels, and training needs across Europe. Key findings: (i) self-rated biosecurity knowledge differed markedly between stakeholder groups and veterinarians and other stakeholders reported median scores close to 80/100; (ii) more than three-quarters of cattle (77 %) and 70 % of swine veterinarians perceived a major gap in their ability to demonstrate the economic benefits of biosecurity to clients; (iii) 39 – 44 % of cattle and small-ruminant veterinarians reported inadequate mixed (theory + practice) training formats, and up to 50 % of poultry veterinarians identified deficits in communication and behavior-change skills; (iv) across all discussions, participants favored modular, blended delivery that couples concise e-learning with on-farm coaching, supported by externally audited certification and greater farmer co-design. Therefore, recommendations focus on developing species-specific, flexible modules that embed communication and cost-benefit elements, provide micro-learning units for time-constrained farmers, and operate within a tiered certification framework linked to continuing professional development. Implementing these measures will narrow competence gaps, strengthen veterinarian–farmer engagement, and enhance disease preparedness throughout European livestock production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 91-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibacterial and anticancer potentials of graphene-silicon nitride nanomaterials-enhanced polymer nanocomposites: advanced characterization and optical behavior insights","authors":"Rawaa A. Abdul-Nabi ,&nbsp;Ehssan Al-Bermany","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid nanomaterials (HNMs) have become more interesting to researchers for various optoelectronic and biological applications. In response, this investigation focuses on the impact of loading ratios of (0, 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %) of HNMs from graphene oxide (GO) and silicon nitride (Si₃N₄). HNMs are utilized to reinforce blended polymers, including polyethylene oxide (PEO), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and nano-polyaniline (PANI) to fabricate (PEO_100K–CMC–PANI/GO–Si₃N₄) using the developed sol–gel-ultrasonic procedure. X-ray diffraction revealed semi-crystalline behavior among all samples, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed strong physical interfacial interactions among the sample components. Meanwhile, field emission scanning electron and transmission electron microscopies showed a fine dispersion and a homogeneous matrix with significant changes. The optical absorption behavior revealed continuous high absorption peaks at 200–280-nm wavelengths, which strongly impacts (GO–Si₃N₄). Increases in concentration also strongly impact (GO–Si₃N₄), which results in an improved optical energy gap for the allowed and forbidden transitions from 3.5 eV for the blended polymer to 3 and 2.9 eV by increasing the HNM content. The contributions of HNMs notably enhance the ability to reduce the zones of the bacteria, especially <em>Escherichia coli</em>, from 18 to 26 mm. In effect, HNMs with a concentration higher than 5 % assist in inhibiting the growth of lung cancer (A549) cells. As such, these NCs present good optical behavior for multi-applications, such as biosensors and biological and optoelectronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 2","pages":"Pages 55-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health security disparities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A comparative analysis using an integrated MCDM and clustering approach","authors":"Adel A. Nasser ,&nbsp;Abed Saif Ahmed Alghawli ,&nbsp;S. Saleh ,&nbsp;Amani A.K. Elsayed","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to analyze and compare health security performance (HSP) between Gulf Cooperation Council and non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries within the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) for 2019 and 2021, recognizing the critical role of health security in managing global health threats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study utilized data from the Global Health Security Index (GHSI) for 2019 and 2021. Key health security priorities were identified using the entropy objective weighting method. The VIKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje) method was employed to rank countries based on overall performance. K-means clustering was applied to group countries with similar health security profiles. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients were used to assess relationships between independent HSP indicators and overall performance scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A significant shift in health security priorities within the EMR was observed between 2019 and 2021, with prevention gaining prominence. Gulf Cooperation Council countries emphasized detection and reporting, while non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries prioritized health systems and prevention. Gulf Cooperation Council countries, particularly Qatar and Saudi Arabia, consistently demonstrated strong HSP. Conversely, non-Gulf Cooperation Council countries facing conflict and instability, such as Yemen, Somalia, and Syria, exhibited weaker performance. Health system capacity, prevention, detection and reporting, and risk environment showed robust correlations with overall HSP.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the necessity for tailored, adaptive policies to address HSP disparities across regions, highlighting investment in prevention, detection, and reporting. It stresses international collaboration, improved policy implementation, and ongoing research to enhance global health security systems across diverse contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 38-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory biosafety risk assessment: A critical component of avian influenza preparedness","authors":"Georgia McCluskey ,&nbsp;Ann Cornish ,&nbsp;Ian G. Barr,&nbsp;Chuan Kok Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 1","pages":"Pages 52-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}