Jeffrey S. Case, C Robin Graham, Tzu-Mo Kuo, Aaron J. Tyrrell, Andrew Waldron
{"title":"A Gauss–Bonnet Formula for the Renormalized Area of Minimal Submanifolds of Poincaré–Einstein Manifolds","authors":"Jeffrey S. Case, C Robin Graham, Tzu-Mo Kuo, Aaron J. Tyrrell, Andrew Waldron","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05228-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05228-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assuming the extrinsic <i>Q</i>-curvature admits a decomposition into the Pfaffian, a scalar conformal submanifold invariant, and a tangential divergence, we prove that the renormalized area of an even-dimensional minimal submanifold of a Poincaré–Einstein manifold can be expressed as a linear combination of its Euler characteristic and the integral of a scalar conformal submanifold invariant. We derive such a decomposition of the extrinsic <i>Q</i>-curvature in dimensions two and four, thereby recovering and generalizing results of Alexakis–Mazzeo and Tyrrell, respectively. We also conjecture such a decomposition for general natural submanifold scalars whose integral over compact submanifolds is conformally invariant, and verify our conjecture in dimensions two and four. Our results also apply to the area of a compact even-dimensional minimal submanifold of an Einstein manifold.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exponential Mixing and Limit Theorems of Quasi-periodically Forced 2D Stochastic Navier–Stokes Equations in the Hypoelliptic Setting","authors":"Rongchang Liu, Kening Lu","doi":"10.1007/s00220-025-05231-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-025-05231-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We consider the incompressible 2D Navier–Stokes equations on the torus driven by a deterministic time quasi-periodic force and a noise that is white in time and degenerate in Fourier space. We show that the asymptotic statistical behavior is characterized by a quasi-periodic invariant measure that exponentially attracts the law of all solutions. The result is true for any value of the viscosity <span>(nu >0)</span> and does not depend on the strength of the external forces. By utilizing this quasi-periodic invariant measure, we establish a quantitative version of the strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem for the continuous time inhomogeneous solution processes with explicit convergence rates. It turns out that the convergence rate in the central limit theorem depends on the time inhomogeneity through the Diophantine approximation property on the quasi-periodic frequency of the quasi-periodic force. The scheme of analyzing the statistical behavior of the time inhomogeneous solution process by the quasi-periodic invariant measure is new and could be extended to other inhomogeneous Markov processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The (varvec{d_gamma /2})-Variation of Distance Profiles in (varvec{gamma })-Liouville Quantum Gravity","authors":"Manan Bhatia","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05206-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05206-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For Brownian surfaces with boundary and an interior marked point, a natural observable to consider is the distance profile, defined as the process of distances from the marked point to a variable point lying on the boundary. When the boundary is parametrized by the natural length measure on it, this distance profile turns out to be locally absolutely continuous to Brownian motion, and as a result, the boundary length measure itself has a natural interpretation as the quadratic variation process of the distance profile. In this paper, we extend this interpretation to <span>(gamma )</span>-Liouville quantum gravity (<span>(gamma )</span>-LQG), a one-parameter family of models of random geometry which is known to specialize to the case of Brownian geometry for the case <span>(gamma =sqrt{8/3})</span>. With <span>(d_gamma )</span> denoting the Hausdorff dimension of <span>(gamma )</span>-LQG, we show that for a <span>(gamma )</span>-LQG surface with boundary, the natural boundary length measure can be interpreted (up to a constant factor) as the <span>(d_gamma /2)</span>-variation process of the distance profile from an interior point.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflexions on Mahler: Dessins, Modularity and Gauge Theories","authors":"Jiakang Bao, Yang-Hui He, Ali Zahabi","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05183-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05183-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We provide a unified framework of Mahler measure, dessins d’enfants, and gauge theory. With certain physically motivated Newton polynomials from reflexive polygons, the Mahler measure and the dessin are in one-to-one correspondence. From the Mahler measure, one can construct a Hauptmodul for a congruence subgroup of the modular group, which contains the subgroup associated to the dessin. We also discuss their connections to the quantum periods of del Pezzo surfaces, as well as certain elliptic pencils. We also study how, in F-theory, 7-branes and their monodromies arise in the context of dessins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhiyan Ding, Marius Junge, Philipp Schleich, Peixue Wu
{"title":"Lower Bound for Simulation Cost of Open Quantum Systems: Lipschitz Continuity Approach","authors":"Zhiyan Ding, Marius Junge, Philipp Schleich, Peixue Wu","doi":"10.1007/s00220-025-05240-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-025-05240-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simulating quantum dynamics is one of the most promising applications of quantum computers. While the upper bound of the simulation cost has been extensively studied through various quantum algorithms, much less work has focused on establishing the lower bound, particularly for the simulation of open quantum system dynamics. In this work, we present a general framework to calculate the lower bound for simulating a broad class of quantum Markov semigroups. Given a fixed accessible unitary set, we introduce the concept of convexified gate count to quantify the quantum simulation cost and analyze the necessary gate count to construct a quantum simulation scheme that achieves a specific order. Our framework can be applied to both unital and non-unital quantum dynamics, and the tightness of our lower bound technique is illustrated by showing that the upper and lower bounds coincide in several examples.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Averaging and Passage Through Resonances in Two-Frequency Systems Near Separatrices","authors":"Anatoly Neishtadt, Alexey Okunev","doi":"10.1007/s00220-025-05230-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-025-05230-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we obtain sharp asymptotic estimates for the accuracy of the averaging method for time-periodic perturbations of one-frequency Hamiltonian systems while passing through a separatrix. The Hamiltonian depends on a parameter that slowly changes for the perturbed system (thus, slow–fast Hamiltonian systems with two and a half degrees of freedom are included in our class). Let <span>(varepsilon )</span> be the small parameter of the system, then under certain genericity conditions we prove that the accuracy of averaging is <span>(O(sqrt{varepsilon }|ln varepsilon |))</span> for times of order <span>(varepsilon ^{-1})</span> (such times correspond to a change of slow variables of order 1) for all initial data outside an exceptional set with the measure <span>(O(sqrt{varepsilon }|ln ^5 varepsilon |))</span>. The main novelty of the paper lies in estimating the scattering amplitude and the measure of captured orbits while passing through resonances near separatrices. Our results can also be applied to perturbations of generic two-frequency integrable systems near separatrices, as they can be reduced to periodic perturbations of one-frequency systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterization of k-Positive Maps","authors":"Tomasz Młynik, Hiroyuki Osaka, Marcin Marciniak","doi":"10.1007/s00220-025-05250-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-025-05250-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a general characterization of <i>k</i>-positivity for a positive map in terms of the estimation of the Ky Fan norm of the matrix constructed from the Kraus operators of the associated completely positive map. Combining this with the result given by Takasaki and Tomiyama we construct a family of positive maps between matrix algebras of different dimensions depending on a parameter. The estimate bounds on the parameter to obtain the <i>k</i>-positivity are better than those derived from the spectral conditions considered by Chruściński and Kossakowski (Comm. Math. Phys. 290, 1051-1064, 2009). We further look with special attention at the case where we give the precise bound for the regions of decomposability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On a Variational Problem Related to the Cwikel–Lieb–Rozenblum and Lieb–Thirring Inequalities","authors":"Thiago Carvalho Corso, Tobias Ried","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05216-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05216-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We explicitly solve a variational problem related to upper bounds on the optimal constants in the Cwikel–Lieb–Rozenblum (CLR) and Lieb–Thirring (LT) inequalities, which has recently been derived in Hundertmark et al. (Invent Math 231:111–167, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-022-01144-7) and Frank et al. (Eur Math Soc 23(8):2583–2600, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1090/pspum/104/01877). We achieve this through a variational characterization of the <span>(L^1)</span> norm of the Fourier transform of a function and duality, from which we obtain a reformulation in terms of a variant of the Hadamard three lines lemma. By studying Hardy-like spaces of holomorphic functions in a strip in the complex plane, we are able to provide an analytic formula for the minimizers, and use it to get the best possible upper bounds for the optimal constants in the CLR and LT inequalities achievable by the method of Hundertmark et al. (Invent Math 231:111–167, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-022-01144-7) and Frank et al. (Eur Math Soc 23(8):2583–2600, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1090/pspum/104/01877).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-024-05216-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crystallization of (hbox {C}^*)-Algebras","authors":"Marcelo Laca, Sergey Neshveyev, Makoto Yamashita","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05212-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05212-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given a <span>(hbox {C}^*)</span>-algebra <i>A</i> with an almost periodic time evolution <span>(sigma )</span>, we define a new <span>(hbox {C}^*)</span>-algebra <span>(A_c)</span>, which we call the crystal of <span>((A,sigma ))</span>, that represents the zero temperature limit of <span>((A, sigma ))</span>. We prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the ground states of <span>((A,sigma ))</span> and the states on <span>(A_c)</span>, justifying the name. In order to investigate further the relation between low temperature equilibrium states on <i>A</i> and traces on <span>(A_c)</span>, we define a Fock module <span>(mathcal {F})</span> over the crystal and construct a vacuum representation of <i>A</i> on <span>(mathcal {F})</span>. This allows us to show, under relatively mild assumptions, that for sufficiently large inverse temperatures <span>(beta )</span> the <span>(sigma )</span>-<span>(hbox {KMS}_beta )</span>-states on <i>A</i> are induced from traces on <span>(A_c)</span> by means of the Fock module. In the second part, we compare the K-theoretic structures of <i>A</i> and <span>(A_c)</span>. Previous work by various authors suggests that they have (rationally) isomorphic K-groups. We analyze this phenomenon in detail, confirming it under favorable conditions, but showing that, in general, there is apparently no easy way to relate these groups. As examples, we discuss in particular Exel’s results on semi-saturated circle actions, and recent results of Miller on the K-theory of inverse semigroup <span>(hbox {C}^*)</span>-algebras. In relation to the latter, we introduce the notion of a scale <i>N</i> on an inverse semigroup <i>I</i> and define a new inverse semigroup <span>(I_c)</span>, which we call the crystal of (<i>I</i>, <i>N</i>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-024-05212-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143361926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Tail Distribution of the Partition Function for Directed Polymers in the Weak Disorder Phase","authors":"Stefan Junk, Hubert Lacoin","doi":"10.1007/s00220-025-05246-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-025-05246-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the upper tail distribution of the partition function of the directed polymer in a random environment on <span>({{mathbb {Z}}} ^d)</span> in the weak disorder phase. We show that the distribution of the infinite volume partition function <span>(W^{beta }_{infty })</span> displays a power-law decay, with an exponent <span>(p^*(beta )in [1+frac{2}{d},infty ))</span>. We also prove that the distribution of the suprema of the point-to-point and point-to-line partition functions display the same behavior. On the way to these results, we prove a technical estimate of independent interest: the <span>(L^p)</span>-norm of the partition function at the time when it overshoots a high value <i>A</i> is comparable to <i>A</i>. We use this estimate to extend the validity of many recent results that were proved under the assumption that the environment is upper bounded.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143184790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}