{"title":"Rigidity Aspects of Penrose’s Singularity Theorem","authors":"Gregory Galloway, Eric Ling","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05210-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05210-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we study rigidity aspects of Penrose’s singularity theorem. Specifically, we aim to answer the following question: if a spacetime satisfies the hypotheses of Penrose’s singularity theorem except with weakly trapped surfaces instead of trapped surfaces, then what can be said about the global spacetime structure if the spacetime is null geodesically complete? In this setting, we show that we obtain a foliation of MOTS which generate totally geodesic null hypersurfaces. Depending on our starting assumptions, we obtain either local or global rigidity results. We apply our arguments to cosmological spacetimes (i.e., spacetimes with compact Cauchy surfaces) and scenarios involving topological censorship.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-024-05210-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob Bedrossian, Siming He, Sameer Iyer, Fei Wang
{"title":"Stability Threshold of Nearly-Couette Shear Flows with Navier Boundary Conditions in 2D","authors":"Jacob Bedrossian, Siming He, Sameer Iyer, Fei Wang","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05175-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05175-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we prove a threshold theorem for the 2D Navier-Stokes equations posed on the periodic channel, <span>(mathbb {T} times [-1,1])</span>, supplemented with Navier boundary conditions <span>(omega |_{y = pm 1} = 0)</span>. Initial datum is taken to be a perturbation of Couette in the following sense: the shear component of the perturbation is assumed small (in an appropriate Sobolev space) but importantly is independent of <span>(nu )</span>. On the other hand, the nonzero modes are assumed size <span>(O(nu ^{frac{1}{2}}))</span> in an anisotropic Sobolev space. For such datum, we prove nonlinear enhanced dissipation and inviscid damping for the resulting solution. The principal innovation is to capture quantitatively the <i>inviscid damping</i>, for which we introduce a new Singular Integral Operator which is a physical space analogue of the usual Fourier multipliers which are used to prove damping. We then include this SIO in the context of a nonlinear hypocoercivity framework.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Random Arnold Conjecture: A New Probabilistic Conley-Zehnder Theory for Symplectic Maps","authors":"Álvaro Pelayo, Fraydoun Rezakhanlou","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05160-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05160-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inspired by the classical Conley-Zehnder Theorem and the Arnold Conjecture in symplectic topology, we prove a number of probabilistic theorems about the existence and density of fixed points of <i>symplectic strand diffeomorphisms</i> in dimensions greater than 2. These are symplectic diffeomorphisms <span>(Phi = (Q,P): {{mathbb {R}}}^{d} times {{mathbb {R}}}^{d} rightarrow {{mathbb {R}}}^{d} times {{mathbb {R}}}^{d})</span> on the variables (<i>q</i>, <i>p</i>) such that for every <span>(pin {{mathbb {R}}}^d)</span> the induced map <span>(qmapsto Q(q,p))</span> is a diffeomorphism of <span>({{mathbb {R}}}^d)</span>. In particular we verify that quasiperiodic symplectic strand diffeomorphisms have infinitely many fixed points almost surely, provided certain natural conditions hold (inspired by the conditions in the Conley-Zehnder Theorem). The paper contains also a number of theorems which go well beyond the quasiperiodic case. Overall the paper falls within the area of stochastic dynamics but with a very strong symplectic geometric motivation, and as such its main inspiration can be traced back to Poincaré’s fundamental work on celestial mechanics and the restricted 3-body problem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-024-05160-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johannes Agerskov, Robin Reuvers, Jan Philip Solovej
{"title":"Ground State Energy of Dilute Bose Gases in 1D","authors":"Johannes Agerskov, Robin Reuvers, Jan Philip Solovej","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05193-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05193-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the ground state energy of a gas of 1D bosons with density <span>(rho )</span>, interacting through a general, repulsive 2-body potential with scattering length <i>a</i>, in the dilute limit <span>(rho |a|ll 1)</span>. The first terms in the expansion of the thermodynamic energy density are <span>((pi ^2rho ^3/3)(1+2rho a))</span>, where the leading order is the 1D free Fermi gas. This result covers the Tonks–Girardeau limit of the Lieb–Liniger model as a special case, but given the possibility that <span>(a>0)</span>, it also applies to potentials that differ significantly from a delta function. We include extensions to spinless fermions and 1D anyonic symmetries, and discuss an application to confined 3D gases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas C. De Fraja, Vincenzo Emilio Marotta, Richard J. Szabo
{"title":"T-Dualities and Courant Algebroid Relations","authors":"Thomas C. De Fraja, Vincenzo Emilio Marotta, Richard J. Szabo","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05185-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05185-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We develop a new approach to T-duality based on Courant algebroid relations which subsumes the usual T-duality as well as its various generalisations. Starting from a relational description for the reduction of exact Courant algebroids over foliated manifolds, we introduce a weakened notion of generalised isometries that captures the generalised geometry counterpart of Riemannian submersions when applied to transverse generalised metrics. This is used to construct T-dual backgrounds as generalised metrics on reduced Courant algebroids which are related by a generalised isometry. We prove an existence and uniqueness result for generalised isometric exact Courant algebroids coming from reductions. We demonstrate that our construction reproduces standard T-duality relations based on correspondence spaces. We also describe how it applies to generalised T-duality transformations of almost para-Hermitian manifolds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fractional Laplacian with Supercritical Killings","authors":"Soobin Cho, Renming Song","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05201-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05201-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we study Feynman-Kac semigroups of symmetric <span>(alpha )</span>-stable processes with supercritical killing potentials belonging to a large class of functions containing functions of the form <span>(b|x|^{-beta })</span>, where <span>(b>0)</span> and <span>(beta >alpha )</span>. We obtain two-sided estimates on the densities <i>p</i>(<i>t</i>, <i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) of these semigroups for all <span>(t>0)</span>, along with estimates for the corresponding Green functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142938756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symplectic Cuts and Open/Closed Strings I","authors":"Luca Cassia, Pietro Longhi, Maxim Zabzine","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05190-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05190-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper introduces a concrete relation between genus zero closed Gromov–Witten invariants of Calabi–Yau threefolds and genus zero open Gromov–Witten invariants of a Lagrangian <i>A</i>-brane in the same threefold. Symplectic cutting is a natural operation that decomposes a symplectic manifold <span>((X,omega ))</span> with a Hamiltonian <i>U</i>(1) action into two pieces glued along an invariant divisor. In this paper we study a quantum uplift of the cut construction defined in terms of equivariant gauged linear sigma models. The nexus between closed and open Gromov–Witten invariants is a quantum Lebesgue measure associated to a choice of cut, that we introduce and study. Integration of this measure recovers the equivariant quantum volume of the whole CY3, thereby encoding closed Gromov–Witten invariants. Conversely, the monodromies of the quantum measure around cycles in Kähler moduli space encode open Gromov–Witten invariants of a Lagrangian <i>A</i>-brane associated to the cut. Both in the closed and the open string sector we find a remarkable interplay between worldsheet instantons and semiclassical volumes regularized by equivariance. This leads to equivariant generating functions of GW invariants that extend smoothly across the entire moduli space, and which provide a unifying description of standard GW potentials. The latter are recovered in the non-equivariant limit in each of the different phases of the geometry.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-024-05190-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher J. Fewster, Daan W. Janssen, Leon Deryck Loveridge, Kasia Rejzner, James Waldron
{"title":"Quantum Reference Frames, Measurement Schemes and the Type of Local Algebras in Quantum Field Theory","authors":"Christopher J. Fewster, Daan W. Janssen, Leon Deryck Loveridge, Kasia Rejzner, James Waldron","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05180-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05180-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We develop an operational framework, combining relativistic quantum measurement theory with quantum reference frames (QRFs), in which local measurements of a quantum field on a background with symmetries are performed relative to a QRF. This yields a joint algebra of quantum-field and reference-frame observables that is invariant under the natural action of the group of spacetime isometries. For the appropriate class of quantum reference frames, this algebra is parameterised in terms of crossed products. Provided that the quantum field has good thermal properties (expressed by the existence of a KMS state at some nonzero temperature), one can use modular theory to show that the invariant algebra admits a semifinite trace. If furthermore the quantum reference frame has good thermal behaviour (expressed in terms of the properties of a KMS weight) at the same temperature, this trace is finite. We give precise conditions for the invariant algebra of physical observables to be a type <span>(text {II}_1)</span> factor. Our results build upon recent work of Chandrasekaran et al. (J High Energy Phys 2023(2): 1–56, 2023. arXiv:2206.10780), providing both a significant mathematical generalisation of these findings and a refined operational understanding of their model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-024-05180-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stavros Garoufalidis, Jie Gu, Marcos Mariño, Campbell Wheeler
{"title":"Resurgence of Chern–Simons Theory at the Trivial Flat Connection","authors":"Stavros Garoufalidis, Jie Gu, Marcos Mariño, Campbell Wheeler","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05149-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05149-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Some years ago, it was conjectured by the first author that the Chern–Simons perturbation theory of a 3-manifold at the trivial flat connection is a resurgent power series. We describe completely the resurgent structure of the above series (including the location of the singularities and their Stokes constants) in the case of a hyperbolic knot complement in terms of an extended square matrix (<i>x</i>, <i>q</i>)-series whose rows are indexed by the boundary parabolic <span>(textrm{SL}_2(mathbb {C}))</span>-flat connections, including the trivial one. We use our extended matrix to describe the Stokes constants of the above series, to define explicitly their Borel transform and to identify it with state–integrals. Along the way, we use our matrix to give an analytic extension of the Kashaev invariant and of the colored Jones polynomial and to complete the matrix valued holomorphic quantum modular forms as well as to give an exact version of the refined quantum modularity conjecture of Zagier and the first author. Finally, our matrix provides an extension of the 3D-index in a sector of the trivial flat connection. We illustrate our definitions, theorems, numerical calculations and conjectures with the two simplest hyperbolic knots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-024-05149-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remarks on Mod-2 Elliptic Genus","authors":"Yuji Tachikawa, Mayuko Yamashita, Kazuya Yonekura","doi":"10.1007/s00220-024-05202-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00220-024-05202-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><b>For physicists:</b> For supersymmetric quantum mechanics, there are cases when a mod-2 Witten index can be defined, even when a more ordinary <span>(mathbb {Z})</span>-valued Witten index vanishes. Similarly, for 2d supersymmetric quantum field theories, there are cases when a mod-2 elliptic genus can be defined, even when a more ordinary elliptic genus vanishes. We study such mod-2 elliptic genera in the context of <span>(mathcal {N}{=}(0,1))</span> supersymmetry, and show that they are characterized by mod-2 reductions of integral modular forms, under some assumptions. <b>For mathematicians:</b> We study the image of the standard homomorphism </p><div><div><span>$$begin{aligned} pi _ntextrm{TMF}rightarrow pi _ntextrm{KO}((q))simeq mathbb {Z}/2((q)) end{aligned}$$</span></div></div><p>for <span>(n=8k+1)</span> or <span>(8k+2)</span>, by relating them to the mod-2 reductions of integral modular forms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":522,"journal":{"name":"Communications in Mathematical Physics","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00220-024-05202-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}