Archives of Craniofacial Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Primary extracranial meningioma of the temporal region: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Jae-A Jung, Sang Hyun Park, Young-Ha Oh, Jungwoo Chang","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0045","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meningioma arises from arachnoid cap cells and is a common intracranial neoplasm; however, primary extracranial meningioma is rare, accounting for only 1%-2% of cases and is therefore frequently misdiagnosed. We report a case of primary extracranial meningioma arising in the temporal region without intracranial or dural involvement. A 66-year-old woman presented with a slowly enlarging mass in the left temporal region for approximately 10 years, without pain or limitation of mouth opening. Computed tomography revealed a 2.1× 2.7× 4.6 cm mass between the temporalis muscle and the skull, with no intracranial extension. Fine-needle aspiration suggested a spindle-cell neoplasm, and complete excision was performed via a coronal scalp incision for diagnosis and treatment. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination confirmed a World Health Organization grade II extracranial meningioma. The patient recovered without complications. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed no residual tumor, and adjuvant radiotherapy was not administered. Surveillance imaging every 6 months demonstrated no recurrence over 3.5 years. This case highlights the importance of including extracranial meningioma in the differential diagnosis of temporal masses and supports complete excision as effective management. A brief literature review is included.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transnasal balloon-assisted posterior ridge restoration for inferior orbital wall fractures.","authors":"Sungyeon Kim, Hong Bae Jeon, Hyonsurk Kim, Dong Hee Kang","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0044","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of primary bone restoration with transnasal balloon-assisted support for inferior orbital wall fractures and compared it with the efficacy of conventional alloplastic reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 85 patients were included in this study. Of them, 25 underwent transconjunctival reconstruction with alloplastic implants (Group A), whereas the remaining 60 underwent primary bone reduction with transnasal balloon-assisted support (Group B). Postoperative outcomes were evaluated based on Hertel exophthalmometry, the orbital volume ratio (OVR) calculated from 6-month follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans, and a curvature analysis of the posterior orbital floor contour on sagittal CT images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant postoperative improvements in OVR (from 109.23% to 103.07% in Group A; from 111.17% to 103.27% in Group B; p< 0.001). The mean change in the Hertel scale was -0.20 mm in Group A and -0.43 mm in Group B, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p> 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the magnitude of volume reduction between Groups A (6.16%) and B (7.90%; p= 0.296). Curvature analysis demonstrated a significantly smaller absolute curvature difference between the operated and contralateral sides in Group B than in Group A (0.0136 vs. 0.0310; p< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transnasal balloon-assisted primary bone restoration represents a reliable surgical alternative, facilitating the reconstruction of natural orbital floor contours while minimizing complications associated with conventional alloplastic implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic distribution and temporal trends of malignant melanoma among 960 cutaneous malignancies managed over 22 years at a tertiary plastic surgery department.","authors":"Hye Mi Lee, Eun Jung Jang, Young Cheon Na","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0106","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melanoma, though less common than other cutaneous malignancies, remains clinically significant. In Asia, acral and nailunit melanoma-less related to ultraviolet exposure-pose diagnostic and reconstructive challenges. Clarifying temporal and anatomic trends in melanoma within plastic surgery practice may enhance early recognition and guide standardized reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 960 surgically treated cutaneous malignancies (2000-2022) in a tertiary plastic surgery department, classifying tumors as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), or others. For MM, we analyzed anatomic site (head/neck, trunk, non-acral extremity, acral), sex, age, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors, comparing period A (2000-2017) with period B (2018-2022). Group comparisons used the chi-square or Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test. Incidence rates were calculated with Poisson confidence intervals; between-period differences were evaluated using exact binomial tests and rate ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 960 tumors, BCC, SCC, MM, and others comprised 47.4%, 44.3%, 5.8%, and 2.5%. MM site distribution was heterogeneous: head/neck 14.3%, trunk 30.4%, non-acral extremity 21.4%, acral 33.9%. Distribution shifted significantly (chi-square p= 0.043), with head/neck lesions decreasing from 28.0% to 3.2% and trunk and acral lesions each increasing to 38.7%. Annual MM incidence rose from 1.39 to 6.20 cases per year (rate ratio, 4.46; p< 0.001). Hypertension (64.5%) and diabetes (35.5%) were more frequent in period B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recent years showed a sharply increased MM caseload and redistribution toward trunk and acral sites with greater metabolic comorbidity, reflecting both epidemiologic change and evolving detection or referral patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants.","authors":"Jin Sik Burm, Youngjin Kim, Sang Yoon Kang, Jun Park","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0020","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) are rare developmental anomalies that arise during early embryogenesis. Because of their rarity, most published reports consist of small case series, and no standardized classification system has been established. The purpose of this study was to define the standardized clinical characteristics of CCBRs and to propose a comprehensive classification system based on the largest cohort reported to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 55 CCBRs in 53 patients who underwent surgical excision between 2014 and 2023. Data collected included sex, age at diagnosis, age at surgery, associated anomalies, pathological findings, laterality, anatomical location, morphological shape, and intraoperative characteristics. All CCBRs were bounded superiorly by the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage, inferiorly by the upper border of the sternoclavicular junction, and laterally by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). Location was divided into three zones: \"central\" above the trachea, \"medial\" between the trachea and SCM, and \"lateral\" over the SCM. Morphology was classified by protrusion pattern-pedunculated or sessile-and further categorized as spherical, ovoid, lobed, or nodular according to cross-sectional geometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55 CCBRs were identified. No significant differences were observed in sex distribution (male 53%, female 47%) or laterality (right 50.9%, left 49.1%). Histopathological examination revealed elastic cartilage in all evaluated specimens. Associated congenital anomalies were minimal (7.5%), and no serious systemic anomalies were identified. Medial lesions were most common (47%), followed by lateral (38%). Sessile lesions (60%) were more frequent than pedunculated lesions (40%). Ovoid configuration was most common (36%), followed by nodular (25%) and spherical (23%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a standardized, globally applicable classification system for CCBRs, facilitating comparative research and promoting unified nomenclature for international academic communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial asymmetry correction using a surgery-only orthognathic approach with adjunctive facial contouring and revision genioplasty: a case report.","authors":"Atapol Yongvikul, Manop Khanijou, Natthamet Wongsirichat, Thongnard Kumchai","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0038","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial asymmetry involving extensive maxillofacial skeletal discrepancy presents a complex surgical challenge. This case report presents a comprehensive surgical solution for a 35-year-old woman with pronounced facial asymmetry due to unilateral mandibular hypoplasia. The patient was treated using a surgery-only orthognathic approach combined with adjunctive facial contouring and revision genioplasty. The surgical plan included Le Fort I osteotomy and a combination of sagittal split and vertical ramus mandibular osteotomies, supplemented by reduction malarplasty, reduction mandibular anguloplasty, buccal fat pad removal, and revision genioplasty following liquid silicone extraction with genial muscle realignment. The patient's preexisting stable occlusion allowed for the omission of orthodontics, aligning with her primary aesthetic concerns. Postoperative assessments over 12 months demonstrated stable occlusion, enhanced facial symmetry, and high patient satisfaction. This case supports that, in carefully selected patients, a surgery-only orthognathic approach combined with targeted facial contouring can provide efficient, predictable, and aesthetically favorable correction of complex facial asymmetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"100-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13153796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the preoperative status of the inferior rectus muscle and recovery time of ocular symptoms in patients with inferior orbital blowout fractures using computed tomography.","authors":"Joon Hyuk Lee, Yong Ha Kim, Sung Eun Kim","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0075","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Inferior orbital blowout fractures (BOF) cause ocular symptoms like diplopia and extraocular muscle limitation, influenced by inferior rectus muscle (IRM) status. This study evaluated the relationship between preoperative IRM status on computed tomography (CT) and ocular symptom recovery time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 127 patients with inferior BOF and ocular symptoms (2012-2024). Inclusion criteria included age 18-80 years and preoperative CT availability. IRM status was assessed for bone interruption, herniation extent, and swelling (short/ long axis ratio < 0.54 or ≥ 0.54). Recovery times were analyzed using t-tests and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (p< 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 127 patients (mean age, 35 years; 67.7% male), 66 (52.0%) recovered from ocular symptoms within 7 days, 53 (41.7%) within 30-90 days, and eight (6.3%) had diplopia that remained as a permanent sequela at the last follow-up. Diplopia recovery time was longer in IRM-bone contact (16.9± 5.5 days, n= 35) and bone-pierced IRM (29.4± 10.3 days, n= 15) groups versus no-contact (5.1± 4.2 days, n= 77; p= 0.02, t-test). Herniation and swelling showed no significant correlation (p> 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative CT-based assessment of the IRM-bone interface predicts diplopia recovery time, with bone-pierced IRM linked to prolonged recovery. Patients with bone-pierced IRM may require closer follow-up and careful consideration of timely surgical management.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12968649/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical precision and clinical outcomes of 3D preformed titanium mesh in orbital blowout fracture reconstruction: a comparative study from Thailand.","authors":"Chatchai Pruksapong, Navin Klongkitkarnkha, Akaradech Attainsee, Chairat Burusapat, Suttisun Jankajorn, Nutthapong Wanichjaroen, Nuttadon Wongprakob, Rapeepat Sapruangthong, Pantip Suwansa-Ard","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0070","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orbital floor fractures are frequently associated with head trauma, and the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the orbital cavity poses a significant challenge for accurate repair of orbital wall defects. Accordingly, this study aimed to compare preoperative titanium mesh bending using 3D-printed models with conventional intraoperative bending techniques, focusing on the accuracy of orbital geometry reconstruction and intraoperative efficiency, with the goal of determining potential advantages in optimizing surgical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study presents a comparative analysis between a prospective preoperative bending (3D pre-bent) of titanium mesh and retrospective data from conventional intraoperative bending. Clinical and radiographic evaluations of orbital geometry, along with intraoperative efficiency metrics, were assessed at both preoperative and postoperative stages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-four patients were included, with 32 in the 3D pre-bend titanium mesh group and 32 in the conventional bending group. Mean operative time was shorter in the 3D pre-bend group (81.07± 13.04 minutes) than in the conventional group (96.07± 4.46 minutes). The 3D pre-bend group achieved more accurate reconstruction, with orbital volume and height correction rates of 96.78% ± 4.91% and 100.62%± 3.77%, respectively, versus 94.88% ± 4.33% and 96.08% ± 5.44% in the conventional group. Patient and surgeon satisfaction was higher in the 3D pre-bend group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-bending titanium mesh using a 3D-printed model significantly reduces intraoperative time and improves orbital height correction. Additionally, this technique enhances both patient and surgeon satisfaction. However, long-term clinical outcomes remain comparable between groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 1","pages":"18-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12968646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147367133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland: a case report.","authors":"Maria Alabdulaal, Zainab Alshuhayb, Dinah AlNoaimi, Sarah AlQahtani, Ijaz Saud, Alaa A Salim","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0077","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary malignant melanoma of the parotid gland (PMMPG) is an exceptionally rare neoplasm, comprising less than 0.7% of all parotid malignancies and often mistaken for metastatic melanoma. This case presents a 66-year-old man with a painless, slowly enlarging right parotid mass. Imaging revealed a lesion localized to the superficial parotid lobe with FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose)-avid level II lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspiration suggested melanoma, confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The patient underwent total parotidectomy, neck dissection, adjuvant radiotherapy and immunotherapy with pembrolizumab under ongoing oncologic surveillance. Histopathology confirmed melanoma with nodal metastasis and negative margins, with no evidence of local recurrence at 6-month follow-up. Diagnosis of PMMPG demands exclusion of other primary sites and prior excision history, making immunohistochemistry essential. Treatment typically involves surgical resection and radiotherapy; however, prognosis remains poor due to high recurrence and metastasis rates. PMMPG requires a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach. Although aggressive intervention offers the best outcomes, the long-term prognosis is limited. Continued research is essential, particularly focusing on molecular differentiation from clear cell sarcoma and the identification of specific molecular markers that can guide targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 1","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12968647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Necrotizing fasciitis of the face triggered by a neglected hordeolum: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Soo Hyun Woo, Su Yong Kim, Il Young Ahn, Tae Hui Bae, Shin Hyuk Kang, Woo Ju Kim, Han Koo Kim","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0061","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressive, life-threatening soft tissue infection that rarely involves the periorbital region. We report an unusual case of periorbital NF caused by methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in a previously healthy 48-year-old woman, originating from a neglected, recurrent hordeolum-an otherwise benign eyelid condition. The infection resulted in an extensive fullthickness defect of the upper eyelid and adjacent temporal area, presenting major reconstructive challenges. Reconstruction was performed using a radial forearm free flap combined with a buccal mucosal graft to restore both anterior and posterior lamellae, achieving functional eyelid protection and improved visual acuity. This case highlights the potential for seemingly minor, recurrent eyelid infections to progress rapidly to devastating NF even in the absence of systemic symptoms or risk factors. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management were critical to preventing further morbidity. To our knowledge, MSSA has not previously been reported as a causative agent of periorbital NF, underscoring the need for clinical vigilance and timely intervention in common eyelid conditions to avoid catastrophic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 1","pages":"34-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12968645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a titanium printed resected human mandibular condyle as a potential replacement model: a hypothesis.","authors":"Zilefac Brian Ngokwe, Ntep Ntep David Bienvenue, Nokam Kamdem Stephane, Wirndzerem Blaise Fonyuy, Bengondo Messanga Charles","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0041","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our purpose is to present a novel cost-effective therapeutic option for replacing lost mandibular condyle in developing countries. Condyle replacement remains challenging, particularly in reproducing an anatomical form that fits precisely within the glenoid cavity. When rehabilitating patients who have lost their condyle due to tumor resection, idiopathic condylar resorption or ankyloses of the temporomandibular joint, the main difficulty resides in finding a form that fits into the glenoid cavity. Our idea is to use this intact functional condyle preserved and resected from a benign jaw tumor as a scanned model to replace and serve as a template to replace lost mandibular condyles.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"50-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12968650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145859311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}