Archives of Craniofacial Surgery最新文献

{"title":"The most preferred method of management of displaced pediatric mandibular fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Satnam Singh Jolly, Kamaljit Kaur, Vidya Rattan, Apoorva Singh, Tanvi Kiran","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2026.0007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are diverse treatment modalities available for managing pediatric dentate mandibular fractures, ranging from various closed reduction techniques to open reduction methods. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the most appropriate and preferred management method for pediatric dentate mandibular fractures, focusing on outcomes such as wound infection and malocclusion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was performed using the PubMed Central and Scopus databases from January 1980 to December 2022, following PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria comprised case reports with more than 10 cases, clinical trials, and prospective and retrospective clinical studies addressing the management of displaced dentate-segment mandibular fractures in patients up to 15 years old using open and/or closed reduction techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six retrospective studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary outcomes assessed were wound infection and malocclusion. The pooled estimate for wound infection significantly favored the maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) group (p= 0.0007). In contrast, although the pooled estimate for malocclusion favored surgical treatment, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.86).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk of wound infection is significantly lower with MMF in pediatric mandibular fractures, while open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using miniplates is associated with a relatively lower risk of malocclusion, although this difference is not statistically significant. The authors conclude that, based on reduced wound infection rates, MMF should be the preferred management approach, whereas ORIF should be reserved for severely displaced and comminuted fractures. Future randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed to validate and strengthen these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and influencing factors of head and neck injuries in motorcycle accidents: a retrospective analysis in Bangkok, Thailand.","authors":"Papat Sriswadpong, Supanan Janeteerawong, Put Saman, Parnnicha Saengdara, Mathavee Amnuaywattana, Nalin Srinoon, Piyabuth Kittithamvongs","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2025.0003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Road traffic incidents, particularly those involving motorcycles, pose a significant public health concern, especially in low-income countries. This study aims to investigate the incidence and patterns of head and neck injuries, as well as to analyze factors contributing to these injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was undertaken utilizing the medical records of motorcycle incident patients derived from the provincial injury surveillance data collected between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021, at a single center. The study encompasses data on age, sex, rider classification, types and quantities of alcohol ingested, helmet employment, Glasgow Coma Score, Injury Severity Score, and classifications of head and neck injuries. The incidence rate of head and neck injuries correlated with motorcycle incidents will be delineated. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was conducted to discern the factors associated with head injury severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study examined motorcycle incident trauma in 1,413 patients. The incidence of head and neck injuries was 20%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the age of more than 60 years, non-helmeted riding, and alcohol consumption as significant factors for head injuries, with odds ratios of 1.86, 1.76, and 4.17, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study emphasizes the protective role of helmets in reducing head injuries and highlights potential associations between alcohol consumption and the severity of head injuries. These findings may be utilized to advocate for improvements in road safety policies and reduce healthcare costs related to motorcycle accidents.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"59-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is chitosan-based dressing more effective than gauze pressure in achieving early hemostasis after dental extractions in patients with deranged coagulation profiles?","authors":"Satnam Singh Jolly, Vidya Rattan","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2024.0082","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2024.0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide, exerts hemostatic activity by promoting platelet adhesion and aggregation. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan-based dental dressing in achieving early local hemostasis, in comparison to gauze packs, after dental extractions in patients with deranged coagulation profiles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 102 patients (204 extraction sites), of whom 86 were on anticoagulant therapy,15 had liver cirrhosis, and one with thrombocytopenic purpura required two or more tooth extractions. These sites were randomly divided into test and control sites. Patients with deranged coagulation profiles, including an international normalized ratio of 1.5-4, altered prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and decreased platelet counts, were selected. Hemostasis was assessed at 10, 30, and 60 minutes post-extraction. Patients were evaluated on days 1, 3, and 7 for dry sockets and other adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hemostasis was achieved in 83.1% of test sites within 10 minutes, compared to only 18.8% of control sites. By 30 minutes, an additional 16.8% of test sites had achieved hemostasis versus an additional 16.7% of control sites. By 60 minutes, a further 5.9% of test sites had achieved hemostasis, compared to 63.7% of control sites. The mean postoperative hemostasis times were 15.10± 12.88 minutes for test sites and 45.20± 20.62 minutes for control sites. Dry socket incidence was slightly higher in test sites, but this tendency was not statistically significant (p>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study suggests that chitosan-based dental dressing facilitates early local hemostasis after tooth extraction in anticoagulated patients or patients with bleeding disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":"65-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"War-related maxillofacial injuries in Ukraine: a retrospective multicenter study.","authors":"Oleksandr Prysiazhniuk, Roman Palyvoda, Yurii Chepurnyi, Tetiana Pavlychuk, Denis Chernogorskyi, Igor Fedirko, Yaroslav Sazanskyi, Danylo Kalashnikov, Andrii Kopchak","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2024.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2024.0074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The invasion of Ukraine by Russian troops on February 24, 2022, had significant humanitarian consequences. This conflict provides valuable data on the types and characteristics of war-related injuries, their epidemiology under modern warfare conditions, and the effectiveness of medical support and treatment strategies applied under challenging military circumstances with limited staff and resources. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the prevalence and characteristics of war-related maxillofacial injuries during the Russian- Ukrainian war.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective multicenter study examined the demographic features, etiology, and characteristics of ballistic injuries among military personnel and civilians. Data were collected from the maxillofacial departments of six specialized military and civilian medical institutions in Kyiv and its surrounding regions. The study analyzed 415 patients with gunshot and blast injuries admitted to these hospitals from February 24, 2022, to February 24, 2024. For each patient, parameters such as age, sex, social status, trauma-associated complications, concomitant injuries to other organs and systems, New Injury Severity Scores, and Facial Injury Severity Scale scores were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 415 patients, 96.9% were male. Isolated maxillofacial injuries were observed in 75 patients (18%), while ophthalmic injuries were present in 208 patients (50.1%). Primary care for the majority of patients was provided in military hospitals near the front line or in primary, secondary and tertiary regional medical institutions. Wound debridement and closure were performed as primary interventions in 358 patients (86.3%), and more than half of the patients received primary maxillofacial care within 24 hours of injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The primary cause of war-related maxillofacial injuries was high-energy blast trauma resulting from artillery strikes, mines, drones, rocket attacks, and bombings. War-related military trauma involved soft tissue damage in 97.1% of cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 2","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12061781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144057850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of concha bullosa using deep learning models in cone-beam computed tomography images: a feasibility study.","authors":"Shishir Shetty, Auwalu Saleh Mubarak, Leena R David, Mhd Omar Al Jouhari, Wael Talaat, Sausan Al Kawas, Natheer Al-Rawi, Sunaina Shetty, Mamatha Shetty, Dilber Uzun Ozsahin","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2024.00283","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2024.00283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pneumatization of turbinates, also known as concha bullosa (CB), is associated with nasal septal deviation and sinonasal pathologies. This study aims to evaluate the performance of deep learning models in detecting CB in coronal cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Standardized coronal images were obtained from 203 CBCT scans (83 with CB and 119 without CB) from the radiology archives of a dental teaching hospital. These scans underwent preprocessing through a hybridized contrast enhancement (CE) method using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Of the 203 CBCT images, 162 were randomly assigned to the training set and 41 to the testing set. Initially, the images were enhanced using a CE technique before being input into pre-trained deep learning models, namely ResNet50, ResNet101, and MobileNet. The features extracted by each model were then flattened and input into a random forest (RF) classifier. In the subsequent phase, the CE technique was refined by incorporating DWT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CE-DWT-ResNet101-RF demonstrated the highest performance, achieving an accuracy of 91.7% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 98%. In contrast, CE-MobileNet-RF recorded the lowest accuracy at 82.46% and an AUC of 92%. The highest precision, recall, and F1 score (all 92%) were observed for CE-DWT-ResNet101-RF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deep learning models demonstrated high accuracy in detecting CB in CBCT images. However, to confirm these results, further studies involving larger sample sizes and various deep learning models are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current concepts in genioplasty: surgical techniques, indications, and future perspectives.","authors":"Seungjun Lee, Baek-Kyu Kim","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.00045","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.00045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genioplasty is a crucial procedure in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery for both aesthetic and functional chin correction. The procedure is performed using various techniques-including sliding genioplasty, advancement, setback, vertical augmentation, and narrowing genioplasty-with each approach offering specific benefits tailored to patient needs. Advances in virtual surgical planning, pre-bent absorbable plates, and three-dimensional printing technology have enhanced the precision of genioplasty, leading to improved functional and aesthetic outcomes. This review examines the historical evolution, contemporary techniques, clinical outcomes, and future directions of genioplasty, with a focus on technological advancements that increase procedural accuracy and patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coexistence of neuroendocrine carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin after kidney transplantation: a case report.","authors":"Woohyuk Yoon, Jong Im Lee, Joon Ho Lee","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.00661","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2025.00661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) is a rare aggressive tumor of the skin with a shared phenotype of both endocrine and neuronal features. Its behavior includes rapid progression, common local recurrence, frequent metastasis to local lymph nodes, and occasional systematic involvement. The risk factors for NEC are similar to those for other skin cancers and mainly include ultraviolet light exposure, older age, T-cell immunosuppression, fair skin, and male sex. NEC is seen more frequently in the immunosuppressed population, and we report a rare case of NEC combined with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a patient who underwent kidney transplantation. A 66-year-old man was referred with a brownish plaque on left cheek, and a punch biopsy result indicated SCC in situ. Wide excision was performed, and the defect was reconstructed using a bilobed flap. The final biopsy confirmed SCC combined with carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation, and positron emission tomography-computed tomography confirmed the absence of lymph node metastasis or systemic involvement. The patient showed no evidence of recurrence or other postoperative complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"38-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917403/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The diagnostic accuracy of depth prediction for lipomas by preoperative imaging with distribution according to anatomical site in Korea: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Geon Hwi Kim, Jong Hun Lee","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2024.00535","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2024.00535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lipomas are common benign connective-tissue tumors that usually present as slow-growing, painless, subcutaneous masses. Deeper variants, such as intramuscular, intermuscular, and submuscular lipomas, are larger and rarer. Accurate preoperative depth determination is crucial for planning appropriate surgical resection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 190 lipoma cases treated at a single medical center from January 2013 to August 2023. The accuracy of preoperative imaging techniques-ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-in predicting lipoma depth was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>USG, CT, and MRI showed accuracies of 72.5%, 56.5%, and 79.3%, respectively, with MRI showing the highest predictive accuracy. The trunk was the most common site for lipomas (49.5%), followed by the upper (20.5%) and lower extremities (13.2%). USG was more accurate for lipomas in the lower extremities and neck, whereas CT was less accurate for lipomas in the trunk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MRI is preferable for the preoperative depth assessment of lipomas, especially those located in the trunk. Accurate imaging is essential for guiding surgical planning and avoiding complications. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"13-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigation-guided orbital medial wall fracture reconstruction.","authors":"Jae Hyung Jeon, Hong Bae Jeon, Hyonsurk Kim, Dong Hee Kang","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2024.00542","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2024.00542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orbital medial wall fractures, which are more common than inferior wall fractures, have traditionally been difficult to diagnose with conventional radiography. As the fracture extends deep into the bony orbit, accurately visualizing internal structures becomes challenging, increasing the risk of optic nerve compression. In a previous study, the author introduced a technique for treating medial orbital wall fractures using a combined transethmoidal and transcaruncular approach. In this study, the authors hypothesized that the use of surgical navigation could enhance precision, safety, and anatomical reconstruction in this approach and employed navigation during surgery for medial orbital wall fractures and evaluated whether it improved postoperative functional and anatomical outcomes while minimizing complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From September 2021 to November 2023, 48 patients with isolated medial wall fractures underwent surgical treatment using a combined transcaruncular approach and transethmoidal packing to repair the orbital fracture. Of these patients, 23 underwent surgery with the use of intraoperative navigation, while the other 25 did not. Intraoperative navigation was employed to facilitate precise fracture reduction and reduce the risk of optic nerve injury. The outcomes were compared by dividing the patients into two groups. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included ophthalmologic evaluations, Hertel exophthalmometry, and computed tomography-based orbital volume measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The surgical approach with intraoperative navigation was successfully performed in all patients. Postoperative outcomes showed full recovery without residual symptoms or complications. Orbital volume measurements indicated a significant reduction in the preoperative orbital volume ratio from 109.03% to 104.80% postoperatively (p< 0.001). However, changes in the Hertel scale were not statistically significant (p = 0.086).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integration of intraoperative navigation in medial orbital wall fracture surgery enhances the precision of medial orbital wall restoration and minimizes postoperative complications, supporting its use in the surgical management of medial orbital fractures.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the soft tissue of the neck: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Yahia Awad Alkahtani, Mahmoud Rezk Abdelwahed Hussein, Mubarak Mohammed Al-Shraim, Shahd Saeed Dalboh Asiri, Sultan Khalid Saeed Kadasah","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2024.00500","DOIUrl":"10.7181/acfs.2024.00500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the soft tissues of the neck is a rare pathological entity. We present the case of a 32-year-old patient who had a painful, slowly enlarging mass in the neck's soft tissues. Radiological examination revealed a well-defined, dense lesion. The mass was surgically removed through local excision. Immunohistological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of IMT. After nearly 2 years of follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence or distant metastases. In conclusion, although IMT of the soft tissues of the neck is uncommon, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck tumors. Further research is necessary to understand the pathogenetic mechanisms of IMT, which could lead to the development of more effective treatments for this tumor.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"26 1","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11917411/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}