Archives of Craniofacial Surgery最新文献

{"title":"Outcomes of the modified neurovascular cheek flap compared with nasolabial flap in lower lip reconstruction: a retrospective cohort analysis.","authors":"Premsak Sakarinpanichakul","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2025.0086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower lip reconstruction following cancer resection commonly employs the nasolabial flap (NLF) or modified neurovascular cheek flap (MNCF). Both techniques inadequately restore the orbicularis oris sphincter, theoretically predisposing patients to oral incompetence and drooling. However, direct comparative data on functional outcomes remain limited. To compare the incidence of postoperative drooling and wound complications between NLF and MNCF reconstruction for lower lip defects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: This retrospective cohort study included 125 patients with lower lip squamous cell carcinoma who underwent reconstruction with either NLF (n= 47) or MNCF (n= 78) between August 2012 and August 2025 at a single tertiary center. The primary outcome was drooling at the 3-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included overall wound complications within 30 days. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to adjust for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics were comparable except for defect size, which was significantly larger in the MNCF group (75.0% vs. 60.0%; p= 0.007), and flap laterality, with bilateral procedures more common in the MNCF group (56.4% vs. 12.8%; p< 0.001). The overall drooling rate was 14.4%, with no significant difference between groups in univariate analysis (MNCF 11.5% vs. NLF 19.1%; p= 0.240). However, after adjusting for confounders, including flap laterality, the MNCF demonstrated a significantly lower risk of drooling (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.82; p= 0.026). The MNCF group also showed significantly lower complication rates (1.3% vs. 14.9%, p= 0.003; adjusted OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.01-0.76; p= 0.030).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: The MNCF is associated with significantly lower rates of drooling and wound complications than the NLF, despite reconstructing larger defects. After controlling for flap laterality, the MNCF demonstrates superior functional outcomes, establishing it as the preferred technique for extensive lower lip reconstruction when surgical expertise is available.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for residual diplopia in orbital trauma: a retrospective analysis of 109 patients.","authors":"Emrah K Yasar, Canberk M Gurbuz, Ceyhun Uzun, Oguzhan Eroglu, Berkay Y Çınar, Berke Kahraman, Murat S Alagoz","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2025.0085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orbital floor fractures are among the most common maxillofacial injuries and represent the predominant type of isolated orbital fractures. Residual diplopia is a common complication in these patients, and its management is quite challenging. The present study aimed to investigate predisposing factors for late residual diplopia following surgical repair of orbital floor fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>: Patients presenting with maxillofacial trauma between 2019 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Individuals diagnosed with orbital floor fractures were included. Data regarding concomitant wall involvement, preoperative diplopia, mechanism of trauma, time interval between trauma and surgery, defect size, and postoperative enophthalmos were obtained from patient records. Patients with a follow-up period of less than 3 months were excluded from the study. These variables were statistically compared to assess their relationship with persistent postoperative diplopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 109 patients with orbital floor fractures were evaluated. Post-traumatic diplopia was observed in 15.6% of cases. The presence of residual enophthalmos was significantly associated with residual diplopia (p< 0.001): 56.3% of patients with enophthalmos exhibited diplopia compared to 8.6% without. \"Floor+rim\" fractures demonstrated a higher incidence of diplopia (20.9%) than other wall combinations (p= 0.054). The interval between trauma and surgery was not correlated with diplopia (p= 0.425), whereas increasing defect size was significantly associated (p= 0.039). Although diplopia was more frequent in assault (19.4%) and collision (28.6%) cases, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.578).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>: Persistent postoperative diplopia remains a challenging complication after orbital fracture repair. The strong association between residual enophthalmos and diplopia underscores the need for meticulous intraoperative reconstruction and close postoperative follow-up to optimize functional and aesthetic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147788934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-field reconstruction of congenital longitudinal cleft earlobes using large Z-plasty and dermofat grafting.","authors":"Youngjin Kim, Jun Park, Sang Yoon Kang, Jin Sik Burm","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2025.0114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital longitudinal cleft earlobes (CLCEs) present a ginkgo leaf-shaped malformation with combined skin and soft-tissue deficiency along the inferior margin. No previous method has addressed both deficiencies while preserving earlobe length and contour. We introduce a simple, single-field procedure that combines a large, single Z-plasty for complete skin preservation with dermofat grafting for volumetric restoration. A Z-plasty was designed on the cleft-side skin, with the central limb placed along the cleft valley and the opposing limbs aligned with the anterior and posterior ridges of both lobules. After elevating both triangular flaps and fully releasing the contracted fibrotic tissue at the cleft base, a compact, dense dermofat graft harvested from the ipsilateral mastoid area was inserted into the inferior marginal defect and anchored to prevent superior migration. The Z-plasty flaps were then transposed and closed without skin sacrifice. Postoperatively, the superior portion of the earlobe was compressed to prevent graft displacement. At 16-32 months of follow-up, all reconstructed earlobes maintained stable volume and natural contour without horizontal or vertical shortening. This combined technique provides a reliable, tissue-preserving, and cosmetically favorable option for correcting CLCEs, effectively resolving both skin and soft-tissue deficiencies within a single operative field.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"108-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synchronous presentation of cutaneous CD30-positive large T-cell lymphoma and glomangioma of the upper lip: a case report.","authors":"Jignesh Rajguru, Kunal Patankar, Ramakrishna Shenoi, Rajiv Desai, Kalyani Puntambekar, Shreeyash Khadse","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2025.0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a rare case of synchronous presentation of cutaneous CD30 (cluster of differentiation 30)-positive anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma and glomangioma involving the labial mucosa of the upper lip, highlighting its diagnostic challenges and clinical significance. A 61-yearold woman presented with a mildly tender mucosal lump measuring approximately 7× 4× 2 mm on the inner aspect of the upper lip, without ulceration, discoloration, or other distinctive clinical features. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed a high-grade lymphoproliferative lesion composed of pleomorphic large, atypical cells, consistent with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Notably, the lymphomatous lesion was located over a well-circumscribed glomangioma characterized by dilated vascular channels. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion and performing thorough histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of all excised lesions, even when clinical features suggest a benign process. The rarity of this synchronous presentation underscores the need for heightened diagnostic vigilance and contributes valuable insight to the existing literature on unusual tumor associations in the oral and maxillofacial region.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-rich fibrin in the management of mandibular fractures.","authors":"Premsak Sakarinpanichakul, Watchara Burapholkul","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2025.0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is an autologous biomaterial that promotes tissue regeneration through sustained release of growth factors. Its role in accelerating bone healing in mandibular fractures, however, remains incompletely defined. This study evaluated the effect of PRF on bone regeneration following open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of bilateral mandibular fractures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective split-mouth clinical trial was conducted at a single center between December 2023 and September 2025. Twenty patients with bilateral mandibular fractures were enrolled; each patient received PRF on one fracture side and conventional ORIF on the contralateral side. Bone density was quantified using Hounsfield units (HU) from preoperative and postoperative computed tomography scans at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months. Statistical analysis employed a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen patients completed the 3-month follow-up and were included in the final analysis. Bone density increased significantly over time in both sides (p< 0.001), with a significant side by time interaction (p< 0.001). At 3 months, PRF-treated sites demonstrated higher HU values (700.0± 152.1) than controls (567.8± 135.7), yielding a mean difference of 132.2 HU (p< 0.001, Cohen's d= 0.94). No early intergroup differences or postoperative complications were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjunctive use of PRF significantly enhanced bone density at 3 months without increasing complications. PRF appears to promote late-stage bone mineralization; however, larger multicenter studies with longer follow-up are required before recommending routine clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"55-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transnasal balloon-assisted posterior ridge restoration for inferior orbital wall fractures.","authors":"Sungyeon Kim, Hong Bae Jeon, Hyonsurk Kim, Dong Hee Kang","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2026.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of primary bone restoration with transnasal balloon-assisted support for inferior orbital wall fractures and compared it with the efficacy of conventional alloplastic reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 85 patients were included in this study. Of them, 25 underwent transconjunctival reconstruction with alloplastic implants (Group A), whereas the remaining 60 underwent primary bone reduction with transnasal balloon-assisted support (Group B). Postoperative outcomes were evaluated based on Hertel exophthalmometry, the orbital volume ratio (OVR) calculated from 6-month follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans, and a curvature analysis of the posterior orbital floor contour on sagittal CT images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant postoperative improvements in OVR (from 109.23% to 103.07% in Group A; from 111.17% to 103.27% in Group B; p< 0.001). The mean change in the Hertel scale was -0.20 mm in Group A and -0.43 mm in Group B, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p> 0.05). No significant difference was observed in the magnitude of volume reduction between Groups A (6.16%) and B (7.90%; p= 0.296). Curvature analysis demonstrated a significantly smaller absolute curvature difference between the operated and contralateral sides in Group B than in Group A (0.0136 vs. 0.0310; p< 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Transnasal balloon-assisted primary bone restoration represents a reliable surgical alternative, facilitating the reconstruction of natural orbital floor contours while minimizing complications associated with conventional alloplastic implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"80-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary extracranial meningioma of the temporal region: a case report and literature review.","authors":"Jae-A Jung, Sang Hyun Park, Young-Ha Oh, Jungwoo Chang","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2026.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meningioma arises from arachnoid cap cells and is a common intracranial neoplasm; however, primary extracranial meningioma is rare, accounting for only 1%-2% of cases and is therefore frequently misdiagnosed. We report a case of primary extracranial meningioma arising in the temporal region without intracranial or dural involvement. A 66-year-old woman presented with a slowly enlarging mass in the left temporal region for approximately 10 years, without pain or limitation of mouth opening. Computed tomography revealed a 2.1× 2.7× 4.6 cm mass between the temporalis muscle and the skull, with no intracranial extension. Fine-needle aspiration suggested a spindle-cell neoplasm, and complete excision was performed via a coronal scalp incision for diagnosis and treatment. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination confirmed a World Health Organization grade II extracranial meningioma. The patient recovered without complications. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging showed no residual tumor, and adjuvant radiotherapy was not administered. Surveillance imaging every 6 months demonstrated no recurrence over 3.5 years. This case highlights the importance of including extracranial meningioma in the differential diagnosis of temporal masses and supports complete excision as effective management. A brief literature review is included.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"88-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomic distribution and temporal trends of malignant melanoma among 960 cutaneous malignancies managed over 22 years at a tertiary plastic surgery department.","authors":"Hye Mi Lee, Eun Jung Jang, Young Cheon Na","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2025.0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Melanoma, though less common than other cutaneous malignancies, remains clinically significant. In Asia, acral and nailunit melanoma-less related to ultraviolet exposure-pose diagnostic and reconstructive challenges. Clarifying temporal and anatomic trends in melanoma within plastic surgery practice may enhance early recognition and guide standardized reconstruction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 960 surgically treated cutaneous malignancies (2000-2022) in a tertiary plastic surgery department, classifying tumors as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM), or others. For MM, we analyzed anatomic site (head/neck, trunk, non-acral extremity, acral), sex, age, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors, comparing period A (2000-2017) with period B (2018-2022). Group comparisons used the chi-square or Fisher exact test and the Mann-Whitney test. Incidence rates were calculated with Poisson confidence intervals; between-period differences were evaluated using exact binomial tests and rate ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 960 tumors, BCC, SCC, MM, and others comprised 47.4%, 44.3%, 5.8%, and 2.5%. MM site distribution was heterogeneous: head/neck 14.3%, trunk 30.4%, non-acral extremity 21.4%, acral 33.9%. Distribution shifted significantly (chi-square p= 0.043), with head/neck lesions decreasing from 28.0% to 3.2% and trunk and acral lesions each increasing to 38.7%. Annual MM incidence rose from 1.39 to 6.20 cases per year (rate ratio, 4.46; p< 0.001). Hypertension (64.5%) and diabetes (35.5%) were more frequent in period B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recent years showed a sharply increased MM caseload and redistribution toward trunk and acral sites with greater metabolic comorbidity, reflecting both epidemiologic change and evolving detection or referral patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective study of cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants.","authors":"Jinsik Burm, Young Jin Kim, Sangyoon Kang, Jun Park","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2026.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2026.0020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cervical chondrocutaneous branchial remnants (CCBRs) are rare developmental anomalies that arise during early embryogenesis. Because of their rarity, most published reports consist of small case series, and no standardized classification system has been established. The purpose of this study was to define the standardized clinical characteristics of CCBRs and to propose a comprehensive classification system based on the largest cohort reported to date.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed 55 CCBRs in 53 patients who underwent surgical excision between 2014 and 2023. Data collected included sex, age at diagnosis, age at surgery, associated anomalies, pathological findings, laterality, anatomical location, morphological shape, and intraoperative characteristics. All CCBRs were bounded superiorly by the inferior border of the thyroid cartilage, inferiorly by the upper border of the sternoclavicular junction, and laterally by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM). Location was divided into three zones: \"central\" above the trachea, \"medial\" between the trachea and SCM, and \"lateral\" over the SCM. Morphology was classified by protrusion pattern-pedunculated or sessile-and further categorized as spherical, ovoid, lobed, or nodular according to cross-sectional geometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 55 CCBRs were identified. No significant differences were observed in sex distribution (male 53%, female 47%) or laterality (right 50.9%, left 49.1%). Histopathological examination revealed elastic cartilage in all evaluated specimens. Associated congenital anomalies were minimal (7.5%), and no serious systemic anomalies were identified. Medial lesions were most common (47%), followed by lateral (38%). Sessile lesions (60%) were more frequent than pedunculated lesions (40%). Ovoid configuration was most common (36%), followed by nodular (25%) and spherical (23%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a standardized, globally applicable classification system for CCBRs, facilitating comparative research and promoting unified nomenclature for international academic communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial asymmetry correction using a surgery-only orthognathic approach with adjunctive facial contouring and revision genioplasty: a case report.","authors":"Atapol Yongvikul, Manop Khanijou, Natthamet Wongsirichat, Thongnard Kumchai","doi":"10.7181/acfs.2025.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7181/acfs.2025.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Facial asymmetry involving extensive maxillofacial skeletal discrepancy presents a complex surgical challenge. This case report presents a comprehensive surgical solution for a 35-year-old woman with pronounced facial asymmetry due to unilateral mandibular hypoplasia. The patient was treated using a surgery-only orthognathic approach combined with adjunctive facial contouring and revision genioplasty. The surgical plan included Le Fort I osteotomy and a combination of sagittal split and vertical ramus mandibular osteotomies, supplemented by reduction malarplasty, reduction mandibular anguloplasty, buccal fat pad removal, and revision genioplasty following liquid silicone extraction with genial muscle realignment. The patient's preexisting stable occlusion allowed for the omission of orthodontics, aligning with her primary aesthetic concerns. Postoperative assessments over 12 months demonstrated stable occlusion, enhanced facial symmetry, and high patient satisfaction. This case supports that, in carefully selected patients, a surgery-only orthognathic approach combined with targeted facial contouring can provide efficient, predictable, and aesthetically favorable correction of complex facial asymmetry.</p>","PeriodicalId":52238,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Craniofacial Surgery","volume":"27 2","pages":"100-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}