Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)最新文献

{"title":"Real-world efficacy of plano lenses with highly aspherical lenslets in children with pre-myopia: A prospective cohort study.","authors":"Aimin Sun, Xueli Li, Pingping Zhu, Fenghua Xie, Yuan Wu","doi":"10.1111/opo.13535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the efficacy of plano lenses (PLs) with highly aspherical lenslets (HALs) in controlling axial length (AL) progression in pre-myopic children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study enrolled 103 children aged 6-12 years with a spherical equivalent refraction (SE) between -0.50 and +0.75 D. Participants were assigned to either a treatment group wearing PLs with HALs or a control group receiving no intervention. AL and SE were measured at baseline (V0), 3 months (V1), 6 months (V2) and 12 months (V3). Monthly changes in AL were calculated for V0-V1, V1-V2 and V2-V3 intervals. Repeated measures-ANOVA was performed to analyse AL changes across time intervals within and between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 95 children (8.0 ± 1.4 years) completed the study, with 46 in the treatment group and 49 in the control group. After 12 months, the treatment group showed significantly less myopic progression (0.13 ± 0.12 D) compared with the control group (0.43 ± 0.16 D; p < 0.01). AL elongation was also lower in the treatment group than in the control group (0.16 ± 0.16 mm vs. 0.30 ± 0.16 mm; p < 0.001). Monthly AL changes remained consistently lower in the treatment group across all intervals. In the treatment group, the monthly AL change was notably lower in V0-V1 than in either V1-V2 or V2-V3, whereas there were no comparable significant differences in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PL/HALs can effectively control AL growth in pre-myopic children, with the most significant impact occurring within the first 3 months of wear.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144319199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of blue-filtering lens spectacles on signs and symptoms of dry eye during exposure to a digital screen.","authors":"Akarapon Watcharapalakorn, Teera Poyomtip, Noppadol Srisurattanamethakul, Thitika Kohmarn, Chotika Poolsanam, Patarakorn Tawonkasiwattanakun","doi":"10.1111/opo.13543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Digital device tasks emit blue light, which may cause damage to the ocular surface, resulting in dry eyes. This study compared lenses with blue-blocking filters, anti-reflective-coated CR39 lenses and uncoated CR39 lenses with regard to their effect on dry eye signs and symptoms during a 120-min reading task from a digital device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomised crossover study included adults from an optometry clinic in Thailand. Twenty-six healthy participants (age, 21.7 ± 2.6 years) performed three reading tasks from a tablet for 3 days. The effects of the spectacles were explored by determining the differences in the mean values between pre- and post-task measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant changes in dry eye symptoms were observed in the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire or Ocular Surface Disease Index compared with the three lenses (p = 0.97 and 0.45, respectively). For dry eye signs, no significant differences in the mean values of tear meniscus height, non-invasive tear breakup time (keratometry mires) or fluorescence tear breakup time were found using the Friedman test (right eye: p = 0.53, 0.93 and 0.44, respectively; left eye: p = 0.53, 0.44 and 0.85, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lenses with blue-blocking filters did not alleviate dry eye signs and symptoms during a 120-min digital activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144304373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age, gender and regional/ethnic variations in emmetropic axial growth rate.","authors":"Thomas Naduvilath, Xiangui He, Kathryn Saunders, Pelsin Demir, Rebecca Leighton, Sara McCullough, Karthikeyan Baskaran, Antonio Filipe Macedo, Xun Xu, Padmaja Sankaridurg, Nina Tahhan","doi":"10.1111/opo.13545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine age-specific axial growth rate in emmetropic eyes and investigate the effect of sex and region/ethnicity using population-based data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of five population-based studies conducted in the United Kingdom, Sweden and China. A total of 16,526 datapoints from 6753 participants, aged 6-16.9 years, with spherical equivalents (SE) from -0.49 to +1 D were analysed. Axial length was modelled using a Generalised Estimating Equation with region/ethnicity and sex included as fixed factors and age, SE and corneal radius of curvature as covariates. Model-based estimates of axial length were used to derive age-specific axial growth rates, maintaining SE at 0.00 D and constant corneal radius of curvature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within this emmetropic population, axial length was weakly correlated with SE (r = -0.24) but strongly associated with corneal curvature (r = 0.76). Gender, region/ethnicity, SE, corneal curvature and inverse function of age were associated with axial length of emmetropic eyes. Axial length was longer in males than females by 0.55 mm (95% CI: 0.53-0.56 mm) in East-Asian emmetropic eyes and by 0.50 mm (95% CI: 0.49-0.52 mm) in European eyes; however, axial growth rate was marginally greater in males by 7%. Axial length of East-Asian eyes was significantly greater than Europeans by 0.14 mm (95% CI: 0.12-0.16 mm) in males and 0.12 mm (95% CI: 0.11-0.14 mm) in females, but axial growth rate was not significantly different between regions/ethnicities (p = 0.06). Axial growth rate decreased non-linearly from 0.17 to 0.03 mm/year in males and 0.16 to 0.02 mm/year in females between 6 and 16 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Emmetropic axial growth rate between 6 and 16 years is non-uniform with greater growth rate at younger ages and in males. Growth rates estimated by maintaining constant SE and corneal curvature are lower or similar to previous estimates and may be used to set goals for myopia treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144304372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and initial validation of DESCAQ: A Rasch-based computer-adaptive questionnaire for assessing digital eye strain.","authors":"Mariano González-Pérez, Ana Barrio, Rosario Susi, Carlos Pérez-Garmendia, Beatriz Antona","doi":"10.1111/opo.13540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to develop the Digital Eye Strain Computer Adaptive Questionnaire (DESCAQ), a quick, easy-to-administer test for measuring digital eye strain in 8- to 65-year-old Spanish- and English-speaking individuals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The Spanish DESCAQ was cross-culturally adapted to English using standardised methods. The English version was administered online to digital device users from the United Kingdom and the United States, and the responses were analysed using the partial credit model. In a simulation study, calibration parameters were employed for the purpose of optimising the configuration of the item bank. Test-retest repeatability was calculated by administering DESCAQ twice within weeks. The first administration's results were compared with Computer Vision Symptom Scale (CVSS)17 scores to assess convergent validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six items fitting the Rasch model were included in the final English version (38 items in the Spanish version). The reliability index was 0.95, sufficient to distinguish statistically up to eight levels of severity along the DES continuum. DESCAQ used 12.20 ± 2.15 items to complete the measure and provided the final score in 120.35 ± 69.18 s. The repeatability limit was 13.35 points and the two-way, single measure Intraclass Correlation Coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.884 (95% CI, 0.852-0.910). Spearman's correlation between DESCAQ and CVSS17 scores was 0.87 (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The DESCAQ is a quick, easy-to-interpret tool developed for researchers and clinicians. This web-based tool provides a valid, precise and reliable Digital Eye Strain score, categorised across eight severity levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence for age-related macular degeneration diagnosis in Australia: A Novel Qualitative Interview Study.","authors":"Angelica Ly, Sarita Herse, Mary-Anne Williams, Fiona Stapleton","doi":"10.1111/opo.13542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) systems for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) diagnosis abound but are not yet widely implemented. AI implementation is complex, requiring the involvement of multiple, diverse stakeholders including technology developers, clinicians, patients, health networks, public hospitals, private providers and payers. There is a pressing need to investigate how AI might be adopted to improve patient outcomes. The purpose of this first study of its kind was to use the AI translation extended version of the non-adoption, abandonment, scale-up, spread and sustainability of healthcare technologies framework to explore stakeholder experiences, attitudes, enablers, barriers and possible futures of digital diagnosis using AI for AMD and eyecare in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Semi-structured, online interviews were conducted with 37 stakeholders (12 clinicians, 10 healthcare leaders, 8 patients and 7 developers) from September 2022 to March 2023. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using directed and summative content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Technological features influencing implementation were most frequently discussed, followed by the context or wider system, value proposition, adopters, organisations, the condition and finally embedding the adaptation. Patients preferred to focus on the condition, while healthcare leaders elaborated on organisation factors. Overall, stakeholders supported a portable, device-independent clinical decision support tool that could be integrated with existing diagnostic equipment and patient management systems. Opportunities for AI to drive new models of healthcare, patient education and outreach, and the importance of maintaining equity across population groups were consistently emphasised.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first investigation to report numerous, interacting perspectives on the adoption of digital diagnosis for AMD in Australia, incorporating an intentionally diverse stakeholder group and the patient voice. It provides a series of practical considerations for the implementation of AI and digital diagnosis into existing care for people with AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of retinal findings after 8 years in the Bifocal Lenses in Nearsighted Kids (BLINK) Study.","authors":"Krystal L Schulle, Loraine T Sinnott, Danielle J Orr, Rachel L Fenton, Lisa A Jones-Jordan, David A Berntsen, Donald O Mutti, Jeffrey J Walline","doi":"10.1111/opo.13537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of the study is to report the frequency of retinal findings in myopic children and determine the association with the amount of myopia or axial length.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>The BLINK study was a myopia control, multi-centre randomised clinical trial following myopic children with multifocal soft contact lenses.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Children aged 7-11 years with myopia (sphere) from -0.75 to -5.00 D and 1.00 D cylinder or less at baseline who completed the final BLINK2 study visit (n = 235).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children had an annual dilated fundus examination. Retinal findings were classified into three main categories: vitreous, peripheral retina and other retinal findings, and further subdivided into 17 subcategories.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>Frequencies were calculated. Groups used median splits of spherical equivalent refractive error and axial length, and differences were assessed using chi-squared tests. Incidence was calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 186/235 (79.1%) participants had at least one retinal finding and 81/235 (34.5%) participants had at least one vitreous or peripheral retinal finding that could increase the risk of sight-threatening complications. One participant had a retinal detachment. The incidence of any retinal finding in those with no previous findings was 12.5/100 person-years (95% confidence interval = 10.2-15.0). Peripheral retinal finding incidence was 2.4/100 person-years (1.8-3.2), while the vitreous finding incidence was 1.7/100 person-years (1.2-2.4). At each dilated examination, at least 7.2% of participants had a newly documented finding. Sex, age, spherical equivalent refractive error and axial length were not associated with differences in findings (all p ≥ 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost 80% of children with juvenile-onset myopia had a documented retinal finding, which was not associated with the amount of myopia or axial length. Almost 35% had a vitreous or peripheral retina finding that could increase the risk for potential sight-threatening complications, which warrants routine dilation and close follow-up to monitor for retinal changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and evaluation of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with a new digital device: OPTOTAB®.","authors":"Víctor Ponce-García, María-Carmen Silva-Viguera, Marta-C García-Romera, Yael Guerra-Sancho, Noelia Heredia-Ríos, María-José Bautista-Llamas","doi":"10.1111/opo.13536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To validate a new digital device: Optotab®+ (SmarThings4Vision) for measuring visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A validation study was conducted involving 20 healthy subjects (aged: 18-29 years). Distance and near VA and CS were assessed using the Optotab®+ and compared with the ETDRS test and Sloan letters for distance VA, the ETDRS test and LEA numbers® near vision card for near VA and the Regan and CSV-1000 tests for CS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were noted between the right eye (RE) and left eye (L for distance (p > 0.99) and near VA (p = 0.32) or test-retest measurements (p > 0.05) using the Optotab®+. Distance VA differed significantly from the ETDRS (mean differences: -0.07 and -0.07 logMAR for the RE and LE, respectively, p = 0.01). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) indicated moderate reliability (RE: 0.64, LE: 0.48), while the ANOVA showed no significant differences (p = 0.75 for RE and p = 0.58 for LE). For CS, no significant differences were found between the RE and LE, except at 12 cpd (p = 0.04). ICC was highest at 18 cpd (0.90). A significant test-retest difference was observed at 6 cpd for the RE (0.10 log units, p = 0.01). Comparisons showed significant differences at 6 cpd between Optotab®+ and the CSV-1000, and at 3, 12 and 18 cpd between Optotab®+ and the Regan test. ICC indicated low to high reliability across spatial frequencies, while the ANOVA did not show significant differences or low variability. No significant inter-examiner differences were identified in VA and CS (p > 0.05), confirming strong reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrates that the Optotab®+ has moderate reliability for VA assessment and higher precision at higher spatial frequencies for CS, suggesting its clinical utility. Outcomes regarding reliability, repeatability and reproducibility support its validity as an effective tool for measuring visual parameters in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a text message intervention designed to promote safe contact lens wear.","authors":"Adam B Samuels, Lisa J Keay, Kate E Faasse, Nicole A Carnt","doi":"10.1111/opo.13538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Some contact lens wearers demonstrate poor compliance with hygiene behaviours which increase their risk of corneal infection. Text message interventions for behaviour change can provide support and education in healthcare domains. This study reports on the co-design of a text message intervention to target hygiene compliance, user satisfaction and discontinuation in contact lens wear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In phase 1, draft messages were composed using contact lens compliance advice from peak bodies, which was then optimised for persuasion using behaviour change theory. Phase 2 involved consultation with Patient Advocates (3), Health Psychology Experts (5) and Eyecare Practitioners (11), who rated messages (Likert 1-6) on readability, appropriateness, behaviour change and provided comments. Lay contact lens wearers participated in focus groups (2-4 per group) and provided feedback on relevance, comprehension and likely behaviour change. Phase 3 assessed messages and modified for readability (Flesh-Kincaid). Phase 4 created and pilot tested (n = 5 users) text message sequences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Phase 1 created 95 messages. In Phase 2, ratings (1-6) of readability (M = 5.4, SD = 0.5), appropriateness (M = 5.3 SD = 0.6) and likelihood to change behaviour (M = 5.0, SD = 0.6) combined with free text comments led to the modification of 59/95 (62%) messages, including the deletion of five messages. Focus group participants (5 groups, n = 14) suggested engagement, educational content and simplification. Most (62/90, 69%) messages were modified, four removed and two new messages proposed. In Phase 3, 88% were assessed as fairly easy or better. Post-modification, all messages were fairly easy, mean readability 82.1 (range: 73.7-91.8, SD = 5.8). Phase 4 created 17 sequences of text messages and pilot testing established the process for replies, opt-outs and modified time-zone delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Co-designing and evaluating text messages was feasible, resulting in a library of 88 optimised text messages formed into semi-personalised sequences.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal development of ocular biometric components and refractive error in children with hyperopic anisometropia.","authors":"Jingyun Wang, Reed M Jost, Brooke A Koritala, Eileen E Birch","doi":"10.1111/opo.13541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the longitudinal development of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and ocular biometric components in the more hyperopic (MoreH) and less hyperopic (LessH) eyes of children with hyperopic anisometropia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective longitudinal study included 36 children aged 4 to <13 years with hyperopic anisometropia without strabismus. Based on a best-corrected interocular visual acuity difference ≥0.20 logMAR, participants were classified as amblyopic (N = 31) or non-amblyopic (N = 5). SER was derived from cycloplegic refraction and anisometropia was defined as an interocular SER difference ≥1 D. Axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and keratometry (K1, K2) were obtained. Corneal curvature (CR) was calculated and the AL/CR ratio determined. Mean follow-up was 3.7 ± 1.4 years, with 5.8 ± 2.4 visits per child. A linear mixed-effects model estimated the rate of change for SER and the ocular components, comparing the MoreH and LessH eyes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline anisometropia was 2.66 ± 1.22 D. There were significant differences between the MoreH and LessH eyes for baseline AL, ACD and AL/CR (all p < 0.05). SER change with age was slower for the MoreH than the LessH eyes (-0.11 vs. -0.31 D/year, p < 0.001). The rates of change for AL (0.11 vs. 0.19 mm/year, p < 0.05) and AL/CR (0.01 vs. 0.02, p < 0.001) also were slower for the MoreH eyes. Anisometropia increased with age in the amblyopic subgroup (0.08 D/year) and decreased in the non-amblyopic subgroup (-0.17/D/year; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In children with hyperopic anisometropia, axial elongation was slower in the MoreH than in the LessH eyes, particularly in those with amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of patching combined with action video games in amblyopic children aged 4-10 years: A randomised clinical trial.","authors":"Laura Asensio-Jurado, Marc Argilés, Valldeflors Vinuela-Navarro, Lluïsa Quevedo-Junyent, Dennis M Levi","doi":"10.1111/opo.13534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the impact of using child-friendly action video games combined with monocular occlusion for the treatment of children with amblyopia compared with occlusion alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight children aged 4-10 years (mean age: 5.80 ± 1.54 years) with anisometropic and/or strabismic amblyopia were included. Each participant was previously prescribed an optimal refractive correction, and after 8 weeks was randomly assigned to one of the treatment groups: action video games (AVG) plus occlusion (n = 14) or passive occlusion alone (PO) (n = 14). Visual acuity (VA) and stereoacuity (ST) were measured at baseline and following 14, 28 and 42 h of treatment. Compliance was monitored using parental registry and Google Analytics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 42 h, both groups showed significant improvement in the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye, p < 0.001 and p = 0.04 for the AVG and PO groups, respectively. However, VA recovery was significantly greater (p = 0.01) and faster with monocular AVG plus occlusion (0.18 logMAR) compared with occlusion alone (0.06 logMAR) in the amblyopic eye. The small improvement (0.02 logMAR) in the non-amblyopic eye was not significant for either group. No significant differences between groups were observed for ST (p = 0.38).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that combining occlusion and action video games at home results in greater effectiveness and efficiency in improving VA in children with anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}