Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy and precision of a sphero-cylindrical over-refraction app for smartphones.","authors":"Rosa Maria Salmeron-Campillo, Gines Martinez-Ros, Jose Angel Diaz-Guirado, Carmen Travel-Alarcon, Mateusz Jaskulski, Norberto Lopez-Gil","doi":"10.1111/opo.13560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy and precision of a web-based smartphone app designed to measure sphero-cylindrical over-refraction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 307 healthy young subjects (22.5 ± 3.4 years) underwent clinical subjective refraction. In addition to each subject's refractive correction, spherical and cylindrical errors from -1.50 to 0.00 D were randomly induced so that their sum did not exceed -2.50 D, thereby generating a clinical over-refraction. Seven different IOS and Android-based smartphones were used. A new app showing tripole rescaling stimuli in blue or red light was used. Each subject used one smartphone to measure their induced over-refraction subjectively, obtaining an app over-refraction finding. Differences between the app and clinical over-refraction were analysed across 675 values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean difference between the app and clinical over-refraction in terms of power vector components ± limits of agreement was 0.17 ± 0.84 D for M (p < 0.0001), 0.01 ± 0.42 D (p = 0.28) for J₀ and -0.01 ± 0.32 D (p = 0.33) for J₄₅. The corresponding values for sphere and cylinder were 0.16 ± 0.80 D (p < 0.0001) and 0.01 ± 0.85 D (p = 0.40), respectively. The sphere and cylinder measurements obtained by the app differed from the expected values by no more than 0.50 D in 85% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The accuracy and precision of the over-refraction obtained by the app was slightly lower than standard clinical subjective refraction in terms of inter-examiner repeatability and comparable to measurements obtained using objective methods. The app shows the potential to perform sphero-cylindrical over-refractions reliably.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors predicting myopia incidence in China and Europe.","authors":"Nina Tahhan, Xiangui He, Kathryn Saunders, Pelsin Demir, Rebecca Leighton, Sara McCullough, Karthikeyan Baskaran, Antonio Filipe Macedo, Xun Xu, Padmaja Sankaridurg, Thomas Naduvilath","doi":"10.1111/opo.13563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13563","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>To develop a predictive model for myopia incidence using population-based data from Chinese and European children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analysis of four longitudinal studies from the UK, Sweden and China was conducted. Data from 4405 non-myopic children aged 6 to 16.8 years with spherical equivalent (SE) refraction from -0.49 D to +10.00 D were analysed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the probability of myopia incidence by 12 and 24 months based on age, sex, parental myopia, cycloplegic SE, axial length and axial length/corneal radius of curvature (AL/CR). Hyperopic reserve was defined as the minimum level of hyperopia required to provide <10% probability of developing myopia by 24 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cumulative incidence of myopia by the 24th month was 18.8% for Chinese and 6.7% for European (p < 0.001) populations. Based on multivariate Cox regression, a greater risk of myopia incidence was seen in Chinese children, younger ages, females, children with parental myopia, less hyperopic SE and higher AL/CR. SE had the highest predictive accuracy (C statistic 0.90). The AL/CR ratio had a greater predictive accuracy (C statistic 0.75) than axial length alone (C statistic 0.63). Predictive accuracy of all variables was similar between ethnicities (p > 0.50) apart from axial length, which was higher in Chinese children (C statistic 0.65) versus European children (C statistic 0.55, p = 0.04). To avert the risk of myopia, Chinese eyes required a greater hyperopic reserve ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 D compared to European eyes ranging from 0 to 0.5 D, depending on age and other predictive factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SE is the strongest predictive factor for both ethnicities. The influence of predictive factors is similar between ethnicities/regions though Chinese children have a greater risk of developing myopia and require a higher hyperopic reserve. These data could be useful for developing a predictive tool of myopia incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging competence and practice: The role of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) in optometric education.","authors":"Sanele Buthelezi","doi":"10.1111/opo.13562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Competency-based education (CBE) has gained prominence in health profession education, emphasising the assessment of learners based on their ability to perform essential tasks in clinical practice. Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) operationalise competency assessment by translating broad competencies into specific tasks that learners must be trusted to perform independently before transitioning into professional practice. While EPAs are widely integrated into medical education, their application in optometry remains limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This narrative explores the role of EPAs in optometric education, examining their potential to enhance competency assessment and support the transition from training to independent practice.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A narrative review was conducted, focusing on EPAs in health profession education, with a particular emphasis on their application in optometry. Peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional reports and policy documents were analysed to identify trends, challenges and best practices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The review highlights a growing recognition of EPAs in optometric education, particularly in operationalising core competencies and supporting structured, workplace-based assessments. However, challenges such as limited optometry-specific EPA examples, a need for faculty development and suitable assessment tools hinder broader adoption. Lessons from other health professions suggest that structured EPA frameworks improve learner readiness and enhance patient safety.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EPAs offer a structured approach to competency assessment in optometric education, fostering clinical preparedness. Their integration requires curriculum alignment, faculty development and robust assessment strategies.</p><p><strong>Contribution: </strong>This review provides insights into the potential adoption of EPAs in optometric education, contributing to advancing competency-based training and assessment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual field defects in dementia: A scoping review.","authors":"Jack Phu, Henrietta Wang","doi":"10.1111/opo.13550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This review aimed to systematically assess the literature reporting the relationship between dementia and standard automated perimetry results, including sensitivity, global indices, patterns of visual field defect and reliability indices.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A scoping review and meta-analysis were conducted.</p><p><strong>Setting and participants: </strong>Published studies in any setting which reported on standard automated perimetry results (any of: global indices, pointwise sensitivities, reliability indices and/or patterns of visual field defects) in participants with ('cases') or without ('controls') dementia due to neurodegenerative disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four databases were searched (to July 2024) and included published studies comparing the perimetry results of cases and controls. Standardised mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated where data were available. Studies with qualitative visual field results were identified and described. The Joanna Briggs Institute checklists were used for quality assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four studies were included in the meta-analysis component of the study. Standardised mean differences between cases and controls were -1.16 (-1.47, -0.86) and -0.96 (-1.26, -0.67) for mean deviation and pattern standard deviation, respectively. The standardised mean differences for fixation loss, false positive and false negative rates were -0.30 (-0.57, -0.04), -0.33 (-0.60, -0.06) and -1.12 (-1.40, -0.83), respectively. In all instances, cases had poorer results than controls. Hemianopias were the most common visual field defect pattern, followed by quadrantonopia, with left-sided defects more common than right. Several studies illustrated visual field sensitivity and deviation maps, from which examples of inattentive defects were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cross-sectional studies, case series and case reports demonstrated worse visual function and reliability indices in patients with dementia in comparison to controls. Several knowledge gaps and opportunities for further study were identified, including potentially using patterns of poor test reliability and inattention as surrogate markers of cognitive impairment and its relationship with quantitative evaluation of cognitive function.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis of retinal vascular density in different severities of myopia assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Parva Pourbagherkhah, Saeed Shojaee, Mohammad Farjami, Hemn Baghban Jaldian","doi":"10.1111/opo.13554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the impact of myopia severity (mild, moderate or high) on retinal vascular density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were included based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria required studies reporting mean VD or FAZ for three severities of myopia. The quality assessment followed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Data were pooled using fixed- or random-effects models depending on heterogeneity. The research protocol was published in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number CRD42025638165.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve studies (2302 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. VD was assessed in both macular (foveal, parafoveal and perifoveal) and peripapillary regions, depending on the included study, and showed a decrease in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) with increasing myopia severity, while the FAZ size remained relatively stable across groups. High myopia was associated with lower VD, particularly in the foveal and parafoveal regions in both the SCP and deep capillary plexus (DCP). VD in the foveal SCP was higher in mild (24.13%) compared to high myopia (20.59%). Similarly, parafoveal VD in the SCP was 52.53% and 49.66% in mild and high myopia, respectively. FAZ size remained relatively stable across groups, ranging from 0.30 to 0.32 mm².</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis demonstrates that high myopia is associated with a lower VD, particularly in SCP, with no consistent enlargement of the FAZ. The findings highlight the progressive impact of myopia severity on retinal microvasculature.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144736666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twice-daily administration improves the effectiveness of 0.01% atropine for controlling myopia in slowing axial elongation and refractive progression.","authors":"Shengsong Xu, Mengyi Wang, Yiwen Qu, Yanbin Wang, Jinyun Jiang, Fengqi Zhou, Wenchen Zhao, Bingru Zheng, Weiyin Chen, Xingyu Lei, Zhouyue Li, Yin Hu, Xiao Yang","doi":"10.1111/opo.13558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>It remains unclear whether increasing the frequency of administration of 0.01% atropine improves its effectiveness in slowing axial elongation or refractive progression. This study compared twice-daily 0.01% atropine administration and traditional once-nightly administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hybrid design was adopted incorporating both retrospective and prospective elements, with participants observed for 1 year. The control group (received saline eye drops) and once-daily 0.01% atropine group (Atropine-1 group) were derived from two previous trials, while the twice-daily 0.01% atropine group (Atropine-2 group) was enrolled prospectively. A total of 163 participants were included in the intention-to-treat set, with 51, 70 and 42 participants in the control, Atropine-1 and Atropine-2 groups, respectively. The primary outcome was the change in axial length (AL), and the secondary outcome was the change in cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the control group (0.48 ± 0.22 mm), both Atropine-1 (0.26 ± 0.17 mm) and Atropine-2 (0.15 ± 0.18 mm) groups showed significantly reduced AL elongation (p < 0.001). Notably, Atropine-2 significantly improved slowing of AL elongation compared with Atropine-1 (p = 0.008). The result of the secondary outcome (adjusted SER change) was consistent. Atropine-2 was significantly more effective in slowing SER progression (-0.15 ± 0.37 D) than Atropine-1 (-0.41 ± 0.50 D) (p = 0.02). Based on a multivariable model, age was identified as the key covariate to perform subgroup analyses. In the younger subgroup (8-10 years), AL elongation was significantly reduced in the Atropine-2 group (0.16 ± 0.17 mm) compared with the Atropine-1 group (0.36 ± 0.22 mm; p = 0.002). In the older subgroup (10-12 years), there was no significant difference in progression. Consistent results were observed in the sensitivity analyses based on the per-protocol set.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Twice-daily administration of 0.01% atropine was more effective than once daily in slowing AL elongation and SER progression in children 8 to 10 years of age. Further investigation with extended follow-up is warranted to substantiate this finding.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The QuickSee autorefractor reliably measures the accommodative response in children compared with the Shin-Nippon autorefractor.","authors":"Jane M Fulton, Rebecca E Leighton, Tuyishime Didier Fidele Uwacu, Bruce Moore, Julie-Anne Little","doi":"10.1111/opo.13557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study evaluated the QuickSee autorefractor for measurement of the accommodative response in a cohort of children without significant ametropia, and compared the findings to those determined using the gold-standard Shin-Nippon device.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children aged 5-7 years were recruited. QuickSee and Shin-Nippon autorefractors were used to measure refractive status at distance (4 m) and near (50, 33 and 25 cm). Accommodative response was calculated as the difference between distance autorefraction and the value obtained for each accommodative demand. Individual accommodative response slopes were calculated from linear regression for response against demand and averaged to calculate mean slopes for each autorefractor. Inter-instrument agreement between the QuickSee and Shin-Nippon was assessed using the Bland-Altman method and 95% limits of agreement. Differences in measured accommodative responses between devices across accommodative demand were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-nine children with a median (IQR) spherical equivalent refraction of +0.38 (0.50 D) (range -0.63 to +1.50 D) participated. Median (IQR) accommodative responses for the 2, 3 and 4 D demands were 1.63 D (0.69), 2.50 D (0.75) and 3.13 D (0.63), respectively, for QuickSee, and 1.63 D (0.69), 2.50 D (0.56) and 3.25 D (0.63) for the Shin-Nippon. Mean ± SD slopes for accommodative response were 0.75 ± 0.22 and 0.83 ± 0.18 for QuickSee and Shin-Nippon, respectively (p = 0.09). Pearson's correlation showed no significant proportional bias for measures of accommodative response with either autorefractor (p ≥ 0.19). The mean difference in accommodative response measured by the QuickSee and Shin-Nippon did not differ significantly with accommodative demand (F = 1.70, p = 0.19).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The agreement observed here demonstrates that the QuickSee shows promise in measuring accommodative response over a range of demands (2, 3 and 4 D) in a paediatric population without significant ametropia. Further research is required to determine if these findings translate over a wider range of refractive errors, and to evaluate the value of QuickSee accommodative response measures in vision screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting patient-reported quality of vision through multifocal optics.","authors":"Pete Kollbaum, Dawn Meyer, Nitya Murthy, Javier Gantes-Nunez, Matt Jaskulski, Martin Rickert","doi":"10.1111/opo.13556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To explore the agreement between computationally modelled point-spread functions (PSFs) and multifocal soft contact lens wearers' descriptions of image quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In Phase 1, participants were fitted with a single vision soft contact lens (SCL) in the left eye, and four different multifocal (MF) SCLs in the right eye in randomised order. Aberrometry measures of the MFSCL-wearing right eye were collected while participants viewed a point source monocularly using their left eye and drew their perception of the source. The predicted right eyes' PSFs were computed from the aberrometry data using a geometrical optics PSF calculation. In Phase 2, participants completed a Likert item questionnaire designed to identify salient features in the PSFs. Consensus among the participants about these features was assessed quantitatively using Yule's Q. Participants also rated the similarity between pairs of PSFs. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) and Procrustes transformation analyses were used to derive and compare image similarity spaces for the drawn and computed PSFs, respectively. Lastly, two observers completed an image matching task, in which they selected the best-matching drawn PSF for each computed PSF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant similarities between computed and hand-drawn PSFs were demonstrated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Inter-rater agreement for image features was statistically significant (Yule's Q = 0.63; p < 0.05). Stress values for three-dimensional MDS configurations were <0.1, indicating excellent correspondence between MDS configurations and observed similarity ratings. Procrustes analysis confirmed strong concordance between hand-drawn and computed 3D configurations (congruence coefficient = 0.90). Image matches were inconsistent with random guessing (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results indicate good agreement between the PSF image quality drawn by participants and that predicted from aberrometry measures. This study has demonstrated potential for leveraging the correspondence between subjectively perceived and computationally derived representations of image quality in both clinical and contact lens research and development processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated levels of mental health issues among optometrists in the United Kingdom.","authors":"Neil Retallic, Lindsay Rountree, Sharon Bentley, Fiona Fylan, David B Elliott","doi":"10.1111/opo.13553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the mental health and well-being of optometrists in the UK and explore associated factors.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A cross-sectional online survey of UK-based optometrists was conducted over a 3-month period during 2024. The survey included validated, well-established measures to assess psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-2) and anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-2). Well-being was evaluated in relation to optimal healthy living behaviours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study includes results from 1303 qualified optometrists, of whom 37% had moderate-to-severe psychological distress scores, 24% screened positive for depression and 28% for anxiety. The three strongest predictors of higher psychological distress in a regression analysis were younger age, lower self-reported physical health and the absence of additional roles. For both depression and anxiety, the significant predictors were younger age, poorer self-reported physical health and not being an Independent Prescriber. Across all three mental health measures, female optometrists exhibited poorer scores than male optometrists. Adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours was associated with better mental health outcomes. However, neither gender nor adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviours was identified as independent predictors and was therefore not retained in the final logistic regression model.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher prevalence of mental health conditions was observed among UK-based optometrists than in the general population. Optometrists with higher qualifications and those undertaking additional roles may experience improved mental well-being, although further research is needed. The findings emphasise the need for initiatives to support mental well-being, particularly among young optometrists and those early in their optometry career.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144652076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of ChatGPT on optometry and vision science exam questions.","authors":"Nayuta Yoshioka, Vanessa Honson, Revathy Mani, Sharon Oberstein, Kathleen Watt, Vinod Maseedupally","doi":"10.1111/opo.13544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/opo.13544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLM) tools, such as ChatGPT developed by OpenAI, presents both a challenge and an opportunity for educators. While LLMs can generate convincing written responses across a wide range of academic fields, their capabilities vary noticeably across different models, fields and even sub-fields. This paper aims to evaluate the capabilities of LLMs in the field of optometry and vision science by analysing the quality of the responses generated by ChatGPT using sample long answer questions covering different sub-fields of optometry, namely binocular vision, clinical communication, dispensing and ocular pathology. It also seeks to explore the possibility of LLMs being used as virtual graders. The capabilities of ChatGPT were explored utilising various GPT models (GPT-3.5, GPT-4 and o1 models, from oldest to newest) by investigating the concordance between ChatGPT and a human grader. This was followed by benchmarking the performance of these GPT models to various sample questions in optometry and vision science. Statistical analyses include mixed-effect analysis and the Friedman test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test and thematic analysis. ChatGPT graders awarded higher marks compared to human graders, but significant only for GPT-3.5 (p < 0.05). Benchmarking on sample questions demonstrated that all GPT models can generate satisfactory responses above the 50% 'pass' score in many cases (p < 0.05), albeit with the performance varying significantly across different sub-fields (p < 0.0001) and models (p = 0.0003). Newer models significantly outperformed older models in most cases. The frequency of thematic response errors was more mixed between GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models (p < 0.05 to p > 0.99), while o1 made no thematic errors. These findings indicate ChatGPT may impact learning and teaching practices in this field. The inconsistent performances across sub-fields and additional implementation considerations, such as ethics and transparency, support a judicious adaptation of assessment practice and adoption of the technology in optometry and vision science education.</p>","PeriodicalId":520731,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}