{"title":"Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINN) for Low Snr Magnetic Resonance Electrical Properties Tomography (MREPT).","authors":"Adan Jafet Garcia Inda, Shao Ying Huang, Nevrez İmamoğlu, Ruian Qin, Tianyi Yang, Tiao Chen, Zilong Yuan, Wenwei Yu","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrical properties (EPs) of tissues facilitate early detection of cancerous tissues. Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) is a technique to non-invasively probe the EPs of tissues from MRI measurements. Most MREPT methods rely on numerical differentiation (ND) to solve partial differential Equations (PDEs) to reconstruct the EPs. However, they are not practical for clinical data because ND is noise sensitive and the MRI measurements for MREPT are noisy in nature. Recently, Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have been introduced to solve PDEs by substituting ND with automatic differentiation (AD). To the best of our knowledge, it has not been applied to MREPT due to the challenges in using PINN on MREPT as (i) a PINN requires part of ground-truth EPs as collocation points to optimize the network's AD, (ii) the noisy input data disrupts the optimization of PINNs despite the noise-filtering nature of NNs and additional denoising processes. In this work, we propose a PINN-MREPT model based on a canonical analytic MREPT model. A reference padding layer with known EPs was added to surround the region of interest for providing additive collocation points. Moreover, an optimizable diffusion coefficient was embedded in the analytic MREPT model used in the PINN-MREPT. The noise robustness of the proposed PINN-MREPT for single-sample reconstruction was tested by using numerical phantoms of human brain with extra tumor-like tissues at different noise levels. The results of numerical experiments show that PINN-MREPT outperforms two typical numerical MREPT methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy, sensitivity to the extra tissues, and the correlations of line profiles in the regions of interest. The advantage of the PINN-MREPT is shown by the results of an experiment on phantom measurement, too. Moreover, it is found that the diffusion term plays an important role to achieve a noise-robust PINN-MREPT. This is an important step moving forward to a clinical application of MREPT.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huan-Tang Lin, Mei-Ling Cheng, Chi-Jen Lo, Gigin Lin, Fu-Chao Liu
{"title":"Metabolomic Signature of Diabetic Kidney Disease in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.","authors":"Huan-Tang Lin, Mei-Ling Cheng, Chi-Jen Lo, Gigin Lin, Fu-Chao Liu","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the major cause of end stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The subtle metabolic changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might precede the development of DKD by years. In this longitudinal study, CSF and plasma samples were collected from 28 patients with T2DM and 25 controls, during spinal anesthesia for elective surgery in 2017. These samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in 2017, and the results were correlated with current DKD in 2017, and the development of new-onset DKD, in 2021. Comparing patients with T2DM having new-onset DKD with those without DKD, revealed significantly increased CSF tryptophan and plasma uric acid levels, whereas phosphatidylcholine 36:4 was lower. The altered metabolites in the current DKD cases were uric acid and paraxanthine in the CSF and uric acid, L-acetylcarnitine, bilirubin, and phosphatidylethanolamine 38:4 in the plasma. These metabolic alterations suggest the defective mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and purine and phospholipid metabolism in patients with DKD. A correlation analysis found CSF uric acid had an independent positive association with the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. In conclusion, these identified CSF and plasma biomarkers of DKD in diabetic patients, might be valuable for monitoring the DKD progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689120/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Min Ju Kim, Wonju Hong, Tae Jung Kim, Joungho Han, Yoon-La Choi, Joon Young Choi, Sang Min Lee, Sung Ho Hwang
{"title":"Solitary Pulmonary Capillary Hemangioma: CT and PET-CT Features with Clinicopathologic Correlation.","authors":"Min Ju Kim, Wonju Hong, Tae Jung Kim, Joungho Han, Yoon-La Choi, Joon Young Choi, Sang Min Lee, Sung Ho Hwang","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the CT and PET-CT features of solitary pulmonary capillary hemangioma (SPCH) with clinicopathologic correlations. This retrospective study included 17 patients with histologically proven SPCH from four tertiary institutions. The clinical, pathological and imaging findings of SPCH were reviewed. The CT features assessed included lesion location, size, density, contour, margin, enhancement, presence of air bronchogram, perivascular lucency and pleural retraction, and <sup>18</sup>F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET-CT. Changes in the size during the follow-up period were also evaluated. Imaging features were correlated with the clinicopathologic findings. The mean age of the patients was 47 years (range 30-60 years). All SPCHs were incidentally detected during screening CT examinations (<i>n</i> = 13, 76%) or during cancer work-up (<i>n</i> = 4, 24%). Most SPCHs appeared as part-solid nodules (<i>n</i> = 15, 88%), the remaining appeared as a pure ground-glass nodule or a pure solid nodule, respectively. Most had smooth contours (<i>n</i> = 16, 94%), while one had a lobulated contour. Nine SPCHs (53%) showed ill-defined margins. Air bronchogram was present in ten (59%) SPCHs, and perivascular lucency in two (12%). All SPCHs exhibited hypoattenuation on contrast-enhanced CT and hypometabolism on PET-CT. During the follow-up period (mean 14.8 ± 17.7 months), the lesions showed no change in size or density in ten SPCHs (59%), decreased or fluctuation in size and density in three (18%). SPCH is often incidentally detected in young and middle-aged adults, commonly as an ill-defined part-solid nodule that may accompany air bronchogram, perivascular lucency, and fluctuation in size or density on CT and hypometabolism on PET-CT.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JaeYen Song, Soyoung Im, Sung Hak Lee, Hyun-Jong Jang
{"title":"Deep Learning-Based Classification of Uterine Cervical and Endometrial Cancer Subtypes from Whole-Slide Histopathology Images.","authors":"JaeYen Song, Soyoung Im, Sung Hak Lee, Hyun-Jong Jang","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uterine cervical and endometrial cancers have different subtypes with different clinical outcomes. Therefore, cancer subtyping is essential for proper treatment decisions. Furthermore, an endometrial and endocervical origin for an adenocarcinoma should also be distinguished. Although the discrimination can be helped with various immunohistochemical markers, there is no definitive marker. Therefore, we tested the feasibility of deep learning (DL)-based classification for the subtypes of cervical and endometrial cancers and the site of origin of adenocarcinomas from whole slide images (WSIs) of tissue slides. WSIs were split into 360 × 360-pixel image patches at 20× magnification for classification. Then, the average of patch classification results was used for the final classification. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) for the cervical and endometrial cancer classifiers were 0.977 and 0.944, respectively. The classifier for the origin of an adenocarcinoma yielded an AUROC of 0.939. These results clearly demonstrated the feasibility of DL-based classifiers for the discrimination of cancers from the cervix and uterus. We expect that the performance of the classifiers will be much enhanced with an accumulation of WSI data. Then, the information from the classifiers can be integrated with other data for more precise discrimination of cervical and endometrial cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689570/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gerardo Cazzato, Carmelo Lupo, Nadia Casatta, Flavia Riefoli, Andrea Marzullo, Anna Colagrande, Eliano Cascardi, Senia Maria Rosaria Trabucco, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Biagio Moretti, Eugenio Maiorano, Vito Pesce, Leonardo Resta
{"title":"Angiomatoid Fibrous Histiocytoma (AFH) of the Right Arm: An Exceptional Case with Pulmonary Metastasis and Confirmatory EWSR1::CREB1 Translocation.","authors":"Gerardo Cazzato, Carmelo Lupo, Nadia Casatta, Flavia Riefoli, Andrea Marzullo, Anna Colagrande, Eliano Cascardi, Senia Maria Rosaria Trabucco, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Biagio Moretti, Eugenio Maiorano, Vito Pesce, Leonardo Resta","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare neoplasm described for the first time by Enzinger in 1979, and classified by World Health Organization 2020 as intermediate malignant potential neoplasm. It mostly occurs in the subcutis and is characterized by varying proportions of epithelioid, ovoid and spindle cells in a nodular and syncytial growth pattern, with some hemorrhagic pseudovascular spaces. In this paper, we report the clinical case of a 62-year-old man who presented with AFH on the right arm, and relapsed three years after first surgical excision. After a further three years, the patient presented with an intramuscular localization of AFH, and 12 months after this, a pulmonary metastasis of AFH was diagnosed. Given the rarity of the spreading of AFH, we performed Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and we detected EWSR1::CREB1 gene fusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689933/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chingis Mustafin, Sergey Vesnin, Arran Turnbull, Michael Dixon, Alexey Goltsov, Igor Goryanin
{"title":"Diagnostics of Ovarian Tumors in Postmenopausal Patients.","authors":"Chingis Mustafin, Sergey Vesnin, Arran Turnbull, Michael Dixon, Alexey Goltsov, Igor Goryanin","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer remains an urgent issue owing to the continuing trend towards increasing incidence along with only marginal improvements in mortality and 5-year survival rates. Furthermore, there is a lack of a clear formulation of the concept of pathogenesis. The diagnostic values of tumor markers, their potential advantages and disadvantages, and their combination with radiation imaging methods and transvaginal sonography are discussed. More advanced imaging techniques, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging have proven too expensive for widespread use. According to the World Health Organization, more than half of the world's population does not have access to diagnostic imaging. Consequently, there is high demand for a low-cost, reliable, and safe imaging system for detecting and monitoring cancer. Currently, there is no clear algorithm available for examining and accurately diagnosing patients with postmenopausal ovarian tumors; moreover, reliable criteria allowing dynamic observation and for determining surgical access and optimal surgical intervention measures in postmenopausal patients are lacking. Medical microwave radiometry shows promising results yielding an accuracy of 90%.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40677044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Brain Imaging in Epilepsy-Focus on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging.","authors":"Tzu-Hsin Huang, Ming-Chi Lai, Yu-Shiue Chen, Chin-Wei Huang","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder; 1% of people worldwide have epilepsy. Differentiating epileptic seizures from other acute neurological disorders in a clinical setting can be challenging. Approximately one-third of patients have drug-resistant epilepsy that is not well controlled by current antiepileptic drug therapy. Surgical treatment is potentially curative if the epileptogenic focus is accurately localized. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging technique that is sensitive to the diffusion of water molecules and provides additional information on the microstructure of tissue. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of peri-ictal, postictal, and interictal diffusion images can aid the differential diagnosis of seizures and seizure foci localization. This review focused on the fundamentals of DWI and its associated techniques, such as apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion tensor imaging, and tractography, as well as their impact on epilepsy in terms of differential diagnosis, epileptic foci determination, and prognosis prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40459594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of the New Advantages of Colonoscope Insertion with an Endoscopic Position Detection Unit.","authors":"Takashi Kawai, Yusuke Kawai, Yoshika Akimoto, Mariko Hamada, Eri Iwata, Ryota Niikura, Naoyoshi Nagata, Mitsushige Sugimoto, Kyosuke Yanagisawa, Tetsuya Yamagishi, Masakatsu Fukuzawa, Takao Itoi","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of an endoscopic position detection unit (UPD) enables better and more objective understanding of the shape and position of the colonoscope. Here, we investigated the reproducibility of the insertion of a colonoscope with UPD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Study participants were 122 patients who received a colonoscopy with UPD twice for the purpose of large bowel screening and surveillance. The mean age of participants was 69.7 ± 10.4 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 9.2:1. The colonoscope insertion technique was primarily based on the shaft-holding, shortening insertion method. The cecal intubation time was recorded; the method used for passing through the sigmoid/descending colon junction (SDJ) and the hepatic flexure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean cecal intubation time was 990 ± 511 s. The cecal intubation time and the patterns for passing through the SDJ and hepatic flexure were significantly correlated between the first and second colonoscopies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Use of a UPD revealed good reproducibility of colonoscope insertion. This is the first time we have proved that both time and pattern are inserted in much the same way for the first and second times. In patients' conducted UPD combination TCS after the second time, it was suggested that individual tailor-made insertions are possible based on the information from the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40479746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anri Patron, Leevi Annala, Olli Lainiala, Juha Paloneva, Sami Äyrämö
{"title":"An Automatic Method for Assessing Spiking of Tibial Tubercles Associated with Knee Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Anri Patron, Leevi Annala, Olli Lainiala, Juha Paloneva, Sami Äyrämö","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficient and scalable early diagnostic methods for knee osteoarthritis are desired due to the disease's prevalence. The current automatic methods for detecting osteoarthritis using plain radiographs struggle to identify the subjects with early-stage disease. Tibial spiking has been hypothesized as a feature of early knee osteoarthritis. Previous research has demonstrated an association between knee osteoarthritis and tibial spiking, but the connection to the early-stage disease has not been investigated. We study tibial spiking as a feature of early knee osteoarthritis. Additionally, we develop a deep learning based model for detecting tibial spiking from plain radiographs. We collected and graded 913 knee radiographs for tibial spiking. We conducted two experiments: experiments A and B. In experiment A, we compared the subjects with and without tibial spiking using Mann-Whitney U-test. Experiment B consisted of developing and validating an interpretative deep learning based method for predicting tibial spiking. The subjects with tibial spiking had more severe Kellgren-Lawrence grade, medial joint space narrowing, and osteophyte score in the lateral tibial compartment. The developed method achieved an accuracy of 0.869. We find tibial spiking a promising feature in knee osteoarthritis diagnosis. Furthermore, the detection can be automatized.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689703/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40459595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evangelos Maziotis, Theodoros Kalampokas, Polina Giannelou, Sokratis Grigoriadis, Anna Rapani, Marios Anifantakis, Amalia Kotsifaki, Agni Pantou, Olga Triantafyllidou, Despoina Tzanakaki, Spyridoula Neofytou, Paraskevi Vogiatzi, Panagiotis Bakas, Mara Simopoulou, Nikolaos Vlahos
{"title":"Commercially Available Molecular Approaches to Evaluate Endometrial Receptivity: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis of the Literature.","authors":"Evangelos Maziotis, Theodoros Kalampokas, Polina Giannelou, Sokratis Grigoriadis, Anna Rapani, Marios Anifantakis, Amalia Kotsifaki, Agni Pantou, Olga Triantafyllidou, Despoina Tzanakaki, Spyridoula Neofytou, Paraskevi Vogiatzi, Panagiotis Bakas, Mara Simopoulou, Nikolaos Vlahos","doi":"10.3390/diagnostics12112611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the advances in the field of reproductive medicine, implantation failure represents a challenging condition affecting 10-30% of patients subjected to in vitro fertilization (IVF). Research has focused on the identification of molecules playing crucial roles in endometrial receptivity, with the aim of designing predictive tools for efficient detection of the implantation window. To that end, novel molecular genomic and transcriptomic approaches have been introduced as promising tools to enable personalized approaches with the aim of optimizing embryo transfer dating. However, the clinical value of these approaches remains unclear. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review and critical analysis of the existing evidence regarding the employment of commercially available novel approaches to evaluate endometrial receptivity. An Embase and PubMed/Medline search was performed on 1 February 2022. From the 475 articles yielded, only 27 were included and analyzed. The considerable heterogeneity of the included articles indicates the uniqueness of the implantation window, showcasing that the optimal time for embryo transfer varies significantly between women. Moreover, this study provides information regarding the technical aspects of these advanced molecular tools, as well as an analysis of novel possible biomarkers for endometrial receptivity, providing a basis for future research in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":520604,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9689742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40479750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}