Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Verbal Fluency Tasks: Influence of Age, Gender, and Education and Normative Data for the Spanish Native Adult Population.","authors":"Genny Lubrini,&nbsp;José A Periáñez,&nbsp;Garazi Laseca-Zaballa,&nbsp;Elena Bernabéu-Brotons,&nbsp;Marcos Ríos-Lago","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Phonological and semantic verbal fluency (VF) tasks are frequently used to assess language and executive functions in both clinical and research settings. F, A, and S are the most commonly used letters in phonological tasks across languages and cultures. Unfortunately, the lack of norms for the native Spanish population for these letters, and for certain semantic categories such as \"proper names,\" may lead to misinterpretation of scores due to demographic differences. The aim of the present study was to provide normative data for F, A, and S and for \"proper names,\" \"animals,\" and \"fruits and vegetables\" for the native Spanish population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>257 healthy subjects took part in the study (ages: 17-100 years, 3-20 years of education). Correlation, multiple regression, and t-tests were used to select the most appropriate variables for stratification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Education was the best predictor of performance in all tasks, followed by age. Given that t-test results showed no differences related to gender, with the only exception of the semantic category \"animals,\" this variable was not considered for stratification. Consequently, the data were stratified in two education levels (<13, ≥13 years of education) and in two age levels (<60, ≥60) within the low-educational level group. Mean, standard deviation, and percentile scores for each group are provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present norms provide a reference for clinicians assessing VF. This data may also facilitate comparisons with other normative studies in cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"365-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39255523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monthlong Intubated Patient with Life-Threatening COVID-19 and Cerebral Microbleeds Suffers Only Mild Cognitive Sequelae at 8-Month Follow-up: A Case Report.","authors":"Linda Backman,&nbsp;Marika C Möller,&nbsp;Eric P Thelin,&nbsp;Daniel Dahlgren,&nbsp;Catharina Deboussard,&nbsp;Gunilla Östlund,&nbsp;Maria Lindau","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To elaborate on possible cognitive sequelae related to COVID-19, associated cerebrovascular injuries as well as the general consequences from intensive care. COVID-19 is known to have several, serious CNS-related consequences, but neuropsychological studies of severe COVID-19 are still rare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>M., a 45-year-old man, who survived a severe COVID-19 disease course including Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), cerebral microbleeds, and 35 days of mechanical ventilation, is described. We elaborate on M's recovery and rehabilitation process from onset to the 8-month follow-up. The cognitive functions were evaluated with a comprehensive screening battery at 4 weeks after extubation and at the 8-month follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following extubation, M. was delirious, reported visual hallucinations, and had severe sleeping difficulties. At about 3 months after COVID-19 onset, M. showed mild to moderate deficits on tests measuring processing speed, working memory, and attention. At assessments at 8 months, M. performed better, with results above average on tests measuring learning, memory, word fluency, and visuospatial functions. Minor deficits were still found regarding logical reasoning, attention, executive functioning, and processing speed. There were no lingering psychiatric symptoms. While M. had returned to a part-time job, he was not able to resume previous work-tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case-study demonstrates possible cognitive deficits after severe COVID-19 and emphasizes the need of a neuropsychological follow-up, with tests sensitive to minor deficits. The main findings of this report provide some support that the long-term prognosis for cognition in severe COVID-19 may be hopeful.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"531-543"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/87/acab075.PMC8500017.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39422744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Alone or Combined with Cognitive Training on the Cognitive Performance of Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: Α Systematic Review.","authors":"Anastasia Nousia,&nbsp;Maria Martzoukou,&nbsp;Ioannis Liampas,&nbsp;Vasileios Siokas,&nbsp;Christos Bakirtzis,&nbsp;Grigorios Nasios,&nbsp;Efthimios Dardiotis","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study reviewed published evidence on the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) on the cognitive performance of patients with Traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was carried out. Randomized Controlled Studies published before March 2020 were included. Methodological evaluation was performed based on the Risk of Bias Cochrane tool. A total of 10 placebo-controlled studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were involved in the qualitative analysis, two assessing NIBS combined with cognitive training (CT) and eight evaluating NIBS alone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All but one retrieved article were appraised as of high-risk of bias (one paper was assessed as of unclear-risk owing to considerable underreporting). With the potential exception of attention, our findings were not indicative of a superior efficacy of NIBS-CT to CT alone, regarding the improvement of any of the rest assessed cognitive deficits. Executive function, processing speed, attention, working, and visuospatial memory were only occasionally found to benefit from NIBS alone compared to sham therapy (only one study reported relevant benefits per neuropsychological outcome). Verbal memory and verbal fluency (phonemic-semantic) were consistently found not to benefit from NIBS. Depression measures were the only outcomes associated with a beneficial effect of NIBS in more than one article.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings did not provide sufficient high-quality evidence to support the exclusive use of NIBS or combined NIBS-CT to improve any impaired cognitive function in TBI patients. Owing to the suboptimum methodological quality of published studies, additional research is of potential value.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"497-512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39014606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III Sensitive Enough to Detect Cognitive Dysfunctions in Patients with Focal Cerebellar Lesions?","authors":"Anna Starowicz-Filip,&nbsp;Katarzyna Prochwicz,&nbsp;Joanna Kłosowska,&nbsp;Adrian Andrzej Chrobak,&nbsp;Roger Krzyżewski,&nbsp;Aneta Myszka,&nbsp;Anna Rajtar-Zembaty,&nbsp;Barbara Bętkowska-Korpała,&nbsp;Borys Kwinta","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main aim of the study was to evaluate whether the available brief test of mental functions Addenbrooke's cognitive examination III (ACE III) detects cognitive impairment in patients with cerebellar damage. The second goal was to show the ACE III cognitive impairment profile of patients with focal cerebellar lesions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study sample consisted of 31 patients with focal cerebellar lesions, 78 patients with supratentorial brain damage, and 31 subjects after spine surgery or with spine degeneration considered as control group, free of organic brain damage. The ACE III was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with cerebellar damage obtained significantly lower results in the ACE III total score and in several subscales: attention, fluency, language, and visuospatial domains than healthy controls without brain damage. With the cut-off level of 89 points, the ACE III was characterized by the sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 72%, and accuracy of 72%. The cerebellar cognitive impairment profile was found to be \"frontal-like\" and similar to that observed in patients with anterior supratentorial brain damage, with decreased ability to retrieve previously learned material and its preserved recognition, impaired word fluency, and executive dysfunction. The results are consistent with cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ACE III can be used as a sensitive screening tool to detect cognitive impairments in patients with cerebellar damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"423-436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39237495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subgroup Analysis of Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis Showing Cognitive Resilience.","authors":"John J Randolph,&nbsp;Jennifer S Randolph,&nbsp;Heather A Wishart","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Cognitive dysfunction is known to occur in many individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is currently known about MS patients without cognitive impairment, including protective factors associated with intact cognition. The present study considered these issues in a sample of MS patients screened for intact subjective and objective cognitive functioning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two MS participant groups from a larger sample were derived: i) participants within 1 standard deviation of controls on measures of objective cognition, subjective cognition, and informant-observed subjective cognition [cognitively resilient MS group (MScr)], and ii) those classified as not cognitively resilient (MSncr). Both groups were compared with age- and gender-matched controls.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated that the MScr group was similar to the MSncr group on most disease and demographic variables, and level of fatigue. The MScr group showed higher estimated baseline intellectual ability and reported less anxiety, subclinical depressive symptoms, and pain interference. MScr participants also showed a trend toward more reported compensatory cognitive strategy use than MSncr participants. The MScr group showed comparable reading recognition and pain symptoms to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings provide preliminary information on factors associated with cognitive resilience in MS. Future research should examine resilient individuals with MS to further clarify positive outcomes in this condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"302-308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39306374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presenilin 1 Gene Mutation (M139V) in a German Family with Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Report.","authors":"Manuel Fuentes,&nbsp;Carola G Schipke,&nbsp;Silka Dawn Freiesleben,&nbsp;Arne Klostermann,&nbsp;Oliver Peters","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study describes a 44-year-old German male with early-onset Alzheimer's disease as a result of a M139V presenilin 1 mutation. The patient has at least seven affected family members, spanning at least four generations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We performed a complete demographic, genetic, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, neuroradiological, and neuropathological characterizations of this patient. The findings were compared with previous reports of patients with the same mutation. Demographic, neuropsychological, neuropsychiatric, neuroradiological, and neuropathological data from several affected members of the patient's family were also addressed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We describe similarities shared with other cases, including age at onset, rapid disease progression, severe deficits in arithmetic and visuo-constructive abilities with relative preservation of naming skills, and the presence of predominant frontal behavioral symptoms. Differences with respect to previously described cases, including the absence of positive neurological or radiological findings, psychotic symptoms, or a depressive disorder, are also identified and discussed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Heterogeneity in symptoms between affected patients from the same or from different families suggests that individual, genetic, or epigenetic factors most likely modulate the phenotype of patients carrying the M139V mutation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"521-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39338716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multivariate Interpretation of the Spanish-Language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery: The Normal Frequency of Low Scores.","authors":"Justin E Karr,&nbsp;Monica Rivera Mindt,&nbsp;Grant L Iverson","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study involved the preparation of multivariate base rates for the Spanish-language NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) based on the U.S. normative sample, quantifying the normal frequency of low scores among healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants included 250 healthy Latinx adults (M = 38.8 ± 13.7 years old, range: 19-80; 72.0% women; education: M = 11.5 ± 3.9 years) who completed the full Spanish-language NIHTB-CB, including two tests of crystallized cognition and five tests of fluid cognition. Multivariate base rates quantified the frequency at which participants obtained 1 or more fluid scores ≤25th, ≤16th, ≤9th, ≤5th, and ≤2nd percentile, per age-adjusted or demographically adjusted (age, gender, education) normed scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A substantial minority of participants had 1 or more low scores (e.g., 40.4% had 1 or more age-adjusted score ≤16th percentile). The frequencies of low scores increased with fewer years of education and lower crystallized cognitive ability. Higher frequencies of low scores were observed among participants who were born and educated abroad, versus within the USA; monolingual Spanish speakers, versus bilingual Spanish/English speakers; and from households below the national median income, versus households above the national median.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low scores were common and related to crystallized ability, education, and sociocultural variables. Although using demographically adjusted scores reduced group differences related to sociocultural variables, group differences were not eliminated, indicating that age, gender, and education score adjustments do not fully explain the associations between sociocultural variables and test performances. These stratified base rates may be useful when working with Spanish-speaking patients with diverse sociocultural characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"338-351"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865191/pdf/acab064.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regression-Based Norms and Validation of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery among Community-Living Older Adults in Singapore.","authors":"Savannah K H Siew,&nbsp;Madeline F Y Han,&nbsp;Rathi Mahendran,&nbsp;Junhong Yu","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) is widely used in research and clinical settings. However, little is known about the use of the CANTAB in the local aging context. This study aimed to develop normative data for various CANTAB measures in community-living older adults in Singapore. Normative data were built using the regression-based approach. A secondary aim was to examine the concurrent validity of CANTAB measures with their traditional neurocognitive test counterparts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 210 older adults (Mage = 67.27 years, SD = 5.45) from an existing cohort study completed standard neurocognitive tests and a CANTAB battery. A total of 160 were normal aging, 46 diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and one diagnosed with Dementia. Older adults with MCI and Dementia were not included in the calculation of norms but were included in other analyses. For the CANTAB battery, regression-based norms were generated for each CANTAB measure, with age, sex, and education included as covariates. Concurrent validity was examined by correlating the CANTAB measures with their traditional neurocognitive counterparts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As expected, performance across most CANTAB measures declined significantly with increasing age and decreasing education levels. There were no significant effects of sex on most CANTAB measures. Our study also showed that some CANTAB measures demonstrated good concurrent validity as they significantly correlated with their traditional neurocognitive test counterparts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have developed age, sex, and education-specific CANTAB norms for use in the local aging context. The advantages and challenges of using the CANTAB in the local aging context are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"457-472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39425201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Differences between Men and Women with HIV: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Anna J Dreyer,&nbsp;Adele Munsami,&nbsp;Taryn Williams,&nbsp;Lena S Andersen,&nbsp;Sam Nightingale,&nbsp;Hetta Gouse,&nbsp;John Joska,&nbsp;Kevin G F Thomas","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Although many studies report that women with HIV (WWH) are more vulnerable to cognitive impairment than men with HIV (MWH), this trend is not described consistently in the literature. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we investigated whether the weight of evidence supports the existence of a significant sex difference in cognitive functioning among people with HIV and, if so, whether specific domains are affected.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic literature search retrieved 4,062 unique articles published between January 2000 and June 2019. Eligibility criteria were that studies directly compared adult WWH and MWH using a neuropsychological test battery. After extensive screening, we included 11 studies in the systematic review (N = 3,333) and 6 in the meta-analysis (N = 2,852).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six studies included in the systematic review found WWH performed significantly more poorly on measures of cognitive performance than MWH; the other five found no sex differences. Meta-analytic results indicated that WWH performed significantly more poorly than MWH in three cognitive domains (psychomotor coordination, visuospatial learning, and memory), but magnitudes of effect sizes were small (d = -.16, -.43, and - .30, respectively). Analyses detected no sex differences in global cognitive functioning and in the other cognitive domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sex differences in cognitive performance are small, and sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics of WWH and MWH differ between studies. Cognitive differences between WWH and MWH may be explained by sex-based variation in these characteristics, the impact of which seems to outweigh that of HIV-related clinical variables (e.g., CD4 count and viral load).</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"479-496"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39330904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factor Structure of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status in Huntington's Disease.","authors":"Beth A Springate,&nbsp;Janessa O Carvalho","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status is a commonly used neuropsychological screening tool that is useful in a Huntington's disease (HD) population given its relatively brief administration time and assessment of multiple cognitive domains. Although 5 index scores are calculated, this structure has not been universally supported in clinical samples, which have often found a two- and three-factor structure to be better fitting. This study explored the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status factor structure in a large HD sample, which has not been done to date.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In total, 147 individuals with HD completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted to explore the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status factor structure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with the findings from a majority of other clinical samples investigated, our results revealed a better fitting two-factor structure (verbal and visual).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The traditional Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status index structure may not be valid in HD, which yields important clinical and research implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"473-478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39261844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}