Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive Profile and Relationship with Quality of Life and Psychosocial Functioning in Mood Disorders.","authors":"Robson Zazula,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Mohebbi,&nbsp;Seetal Dodd,&nbsp;Olivia M Dean,&nbsp;Michael Berk,&nbsp;Heber Odebrecht Vargas,&nbsp;Sandra Odebrecht Vargas Nunes","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Comparisons between healthy controls (HCs) and individuals with mood disorders have shown more cognitive dysfunction among the latter group, in particular in bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed to characterize the pattern of cognitive function of BD and major depressive disorder (MDD) and compare them to HC using the (CogState Research Battery) CSRB™.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Participants were tested, comprising the following domains: processing speed, attention, working memory, visual memory, executive functions, and verbal memory. Quality of life and functionality were also assessed. Multiple linear regression models were performed to examine the effect of demographic characteristics and functionality on cognitive outcomes separately for BD and MDD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety individuals participated in the study, of which 32 had BD, 30 had MDD, and 28 were HC. Differences were found between both BD and MDD and HC for the composite cognitive score, with significant differences between BD and HC (Diff = -5.5, 95% CI = [-9.5, -1.5], p = 0.005), and MDD and HC (Diff = -4.6, 95% CI = [-8.6, -0.5], p = 0.025). There were overall significant differences in five cognitive domains: processing speed (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004), attention (p = 0.002), working memory (p = 0.02), visual memory (p = 0.021), and verbal memory (p = 0.007). BD also presented worse performance than both MDD and HC, and MDD presented better performance than BD but worse than HC in quality of life and functionality. Multiple linear regression models were significative for education (p < 0.001) and age (p = 0.004) for BD and education (p < 0.001) for MDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In general, cognition is more affected in BD than MDD, which could be associated with functional and quality of life impairment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"376-389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39182450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ODor-evoked Autobiographical Memory in Alzheimer's disease?","authors":"Mohamad El Haj","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Because memory decline is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an important endeavor for both clinicians and researchers is to improve memory performances in AD. This can be pursued by olfactory stimulation of memory in patients with AD and by studying the effects of olfactory stimulation on autobiographical memory (i.e., memory for personal information). The effects of olfactory stimulation on autobiographical memory in patients with mild AD have been reported by recent research. We thus provide the first comprehensive overview of research on odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD. We also establish the basis for solid theoretical analysis concerning the memory improvement reported by research on odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We examined literature on odor-evoked autobiographical memories in AD and propose the \"OdAMA\" (Odor-evoked Autobiographical Memory in Alzheimer's disease) model.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>According to OdAMA model, odor exposure activates involuntary access to specific autobiographical memories, which promotes enhanced experience subjective of retrieval in patients with AD and improves their ability to construct not only recent and remote events but also future ones. The OdAMA model could serve as a guide for researchers and clinicians interested in odor-evoked autobiographical memory in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"513-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39392697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazilian Version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised in the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer'S Disease and Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.","authors":"Viviane Amaral-Carvalho,&nbsp;Thais Bento Lima-Silva,&nbsp;Luciano Inácio Mariano,&nbsp;Leonardo Cruz de Souza,&nbsp;Henrique Cerqueira Guimarães,&nbsp;Valéria Santoro Bahia,&nbsp;Ricardo Nitrini,&nbsp;Maira Tonidandel Barbosa,&nbsp;Mônica Sanches Yassuda,&nbsp;Paulo Caramelli","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) are frequent causes of dementia and, therefore, instruments for differential diagnosis between these two conditions are of great relevance.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) for differentiating AD from bvFTD in a Brazilian sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ACE-R was administered to 102 patients who had been diagnosed with mild dementia due to probable AD, 37 with mild bvFTD and 161 cognitively healthy controls, matched according to age and education. Additionally, all subjects were assessed using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. The performance of patients and controls was compared by using univariate analysis, and ROC curves were calculated to investigate the accuracy of ACE-R for differentiating AD from bvFTD and for differentiating AD and bvFTD from controls. The verbal fluency plus language to orientation plus name and address delayed recall memory (VLOM) ratio was also calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimum cutoff scores for ACE-R were <80 for AD, <79 for bvFTD, and <80 for dementia (AD + bvFTD), with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) (AUC) >0.85. For the differential diagnosis between AD and bvFTD, a VLOM ratio of 3.05 showed an AUC of 0.816 (Cohen's d = 1.151; p < .001), with 86.5% sensitivity, 71.4% specificity, 72.7% positive predictive value, and 85.7% negative predictive value.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Brazilian ACE-R achieved a good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating AD from bvFTD patients and for differentiating AD and bvFTD from the controls in the present sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"437-448"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39425198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower-Resolution Retrieval of Scenes in Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline.","authors":"Adriana L Ruiz-Rizzo,&nbsp;Patrick J Pruitt,&nbsp;Kathrin Finke,&nbsp;Hermann J Müller,&nbsp;Jessica S Damoiseaux","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Scenes with more perceptual detail can help detect subtle memory deficits more than scenes with less detail. Here, we investigated whether older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) show less brain activation and more memory deficits to scenes with more (vs. scenes with less) perceptual detail compared to controls (CON).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In 37 healthy older adults (SCD: 16), we measured blood oxygenation level-dependent-functional magnetic resonance imaging during encoding and behavioral performance during retrieval.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During encoding, higher activation to scenes with more (vs. less) perceptual detail in the parahippocampal place area predicted better memory performance in SCD and CON. During retrieval, superior performance for new scenes with more (vs. less) perceptual detail was significantly more pronounced in CON than inSCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, these results suggest a present, but attenuated benefit from perceptual detail for memory retrieval in SCD. Memory complaints in SCD might, thus, refer to a decreased availability of perceptual detail of previously encoded stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"408-422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a7/3c/acab061.PMC8865194.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39270080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impaired Perception of Unintentional Transgression of Social Norms after Prefrontal Cortex Damage: Relationship to Decision Making, Emotion Recognition, and Executive Functions.","authors":"Riadh Ouerchefani,&nbsp;Naoufel Ouerchefani,&nbsp;Mohamed Riadh Ben Rejeb,&nbsp;Didier Le Gall","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Patients with prefrontal cortex damage often transgress social rules and show lower accuracy in identifying and explaining inappropriate social behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the ability to perceive other unintentional transgressions of social norms and both decision making and emotion recognition as these abilities are critical for appropriate social behavior.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We examined a group of patients with focal prefrontal cortex damage (N = 28) and a group of matched control participants (N = 28) for their abilities to detect unintentional transgression of social norms using the \"Faux-Pas\" task of theory of mind, to make advantageous decisions on the Iowa gambling task, and to recognize basic emotions on the Ekman facial affect test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The group of patients with frontal lobe damage was impaired in all of these tasks compared with control participants. Moreover, all the \"Faux-Pas\", Iowa gambling, and emotion recognition tasks were significantly associated and predicted by executive measures of inhibition, flexibility, or planning. However, only measures from the Iowa gambling task were associated and predicted performance on the \"Faux-Pas\" task. These tasks were not associated with performance in recognition of basic emotions. These findings suggest that theory of mind, executive functions, and decision-making abilities act in an interdependent way for appropriate social behavior. However, theory of mind and emotion recognition seem to have distinct but additive effects upon social behavior. Results from VLSM analysis also corroborate these data by showing a partially overlapped prefrontal circuitry underlying these cognitive domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"249-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39494471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke Survivors Experience Elevated Levels of Loneliness: A Multi-Year Analysis of the National Survey for Wales.","authors":"Christopher Byrne,&nbsp;Christopher W N Saville,&nbsp;Rudi Coetzer,&nbsp;Richard Ramsey","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite clinical observation that stroke survivors frequently experience loneliness, there is no large-scale empirical evidence to support this observation. Therefore, the primary objective of this research was to provide the first large-scale and comprehensive estimate of loneliness in the stroke survivor population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>To address this issue, we completed two preregistered analyses of a nationally representative annual survey (N > 21,000). A two-phase approach was adopted combining both exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory (Study 2) phases. The benefit of such an approach is that replication is built into the design, which considerably strengthens the inferences that can be made.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across two separate cohorts, the results consistently showed that human stroke survivors report higher levels of loneliness compared with healthy individuals, and this relationship could not be accounted for by demographic factors (e.g., age, sex) or objective measures of social isolation (e.g., marital status, number of household members).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that elevated levels of loneliness poststroke are robust in that they replicate in large nationally representative samples and cannot be reduced to objective measures of social isolation. The work has clinical and societal relevance by suggesting that loneliness poststroke is unlikely to be adequately \"treated\" if only the quantity and not the quality of social experiences are considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"390-407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fd/dd/acab046.PMC8865190.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39122838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 in Differentiating Neurocognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning in a Pediatric Concussion Population.","authors":"Alphonso Smith,&nbsp;Julia Thomas,&nbsp;Claire Friedhoff,&nbsp;Esther Chin","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In concussion populations, suboptimal task engagement detected by performance validity tests (PVTs) has been associated with poorer neuropsychological scores and greater post-concussive symptoms (PCS). This study examined if Pass/Fail status on the Test of Memory Malingering-TOMM Trial 1-differentiated the neurocognitive, emotional, and behavioral profile of pediatric patients with concussion.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study utilized archival data from 93 patients (mean age = 14.56 and SD = 2.01) with a history of concussion who were assessed at ~5-6 weeks post-injury (mean days = 40.27 and SD = 35.41). Individuals were divided into \"Pass\" and \"Fail\" groups based on TOMM Trial 1 performance. The testing battery included ACT, CPT-II and III, HVLT-R, WJ-III and IV ACH, ImPACT, BASC-2, and BRIEF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall pass rate on Trial 1 was 70% (mean = 46.04 and SD = 4.55). Findings suggested that a passing score on Trial 1 may be associated with adequate performance across the remaining two trials of the TOMM. The Fail group scored significantly lower across attention, memory, and processing speed measures when compared with the Pass group. On rating scales, significantly more concerns were endorsed with the Fail group for attention and executive functioning relative to the Pass group. Parents generally endorsed significantly more concerns for executive functioning when compared with their children's self-reported symptoms. There was a trend for the Fail group to report more PCS; however, they did not significantly differ from the Pass group for depression, anxiety, or somatization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the importance of utilizing PVTs when evaluating concussion recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"322-337"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39306373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Priming Effect for Visual-Spatial Perspective Taking in Patients With Severe Acquired Brain Injury.","authors":"Alberto Costa,&nbsp;Umberto Bivona,&nbsp;Valentina Sulpizio,&nbsp;Raffaele Nappo,&nbsp;Ludovica Mastrilli,&nbsp;Rita Formisano,&nbsp;Marta Aloisi,&nbsp;Marianna Contrada,&nbsp;Carlo Caltagirone,&nbsp;Gaspare Galati","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Social cognition can be impaired after a severe acquired brain injury (sABI), but mechanisms potentially underlying these difficulties remain to be clarified. This study aimed at investigating perspective taking ability in individuals with sABI.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Twenty individuals with sABI and 20 healthy controls (HCs) have been enrolled in this case-control study. All participants were submitted to an experimental visual-spatial priming memory procedure and a self-report assessment of perspective taking (i.e., the Interpersonal Reactivity Index [IRI]). Individuals with sABI were submitted to neuropsychological tests to assess executive subcomponents, working memory, and visual attention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis on self-report scales data documents a significant between groups difference in the IRI-Fantasy subscale, with HCs showing a higher tendency to imaginatively transpose oneself into fictional situations than individuals with sABI. Analysis of performance on the experimental procedure revealed the priming effect in HCs but not in sABI individuals. Moreover, individuals with sABI performed significantly poorer than HCs on the indices of the experimental procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data preliminarily demonstrated that visual-spatial perspective taking is reduced after sABI. Findings above could give some clues for the rehabilitative intervention in sABI and suggest the possible application of the procedure here used in assessing perspective taking after sABI.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"227-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39336094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonmemory Composite Embedded Performance Validity Formulas in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.","authors":"John W Lace,&nbsp;Zachary C Merz,&nbsp;Rachel Galioto","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Research regarding performance validity tests (PVTs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is scant, with recommended batteries for neuropsychological evaluations in this population lacking suggestions to include PVTs. Moreover, limited work has examined embedded PVTs in this population. As previous investigations indicated that nonmemory-based embedded PVTs provide clinical utility in other populations, this study sought to determine if a logistic regression-derived PVT formula can be identified from selected nonmemory variables in a sample of patients with MS.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 184 patients (M age = 48.45; 76.6% female) with MS were referred for neuropsychological assessment at a large, Midwestern academic medical center. Patients were placed into \"credible\" (n = 146) or \"noncredible\" (n = 38) groups according to performance on standalone PVT. Missing data were imputed with HOTDECK.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Classification statistics for a variety of embedded PVTs were examined, with none appearing psychometrically appropriate in isolation (areas under the curve [AUCs] = .48-.64). Four exponentiated equations were created via logistic regression. Six, five, and three predictor equations yielded acceptable discriminability (AUC = .71-.74) with modest sensitivity (.34-.39) while maintaining good specificity (≥.90). The two predictor equation appeared unacceptable (AUC = .67).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results suggest that multivariate combinations of embedded PVTs may provide some clinical utility while minimizing test burden in determining performance validity in patients with MS. Nonetheless, the authors recommend routine inclusion of several PVTs and utilization of comprehensive clinical judgment to maximize signal detection of noncredible performance and avoid incorrect conclusions. Clinical implications, limitations, and avenues for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"309-321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39388879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction Time Task Performance in Concussed Athletes over a 30-Day Period: An Observational Study.","authors":"J R Wilkes,&nbsp;J T Kelly,&nbsp;A E Walter,&nbsp;S M Slobounov","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acab077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reaction time is a common deficit following concussion, making its evaluation critical during return-to-play protocol. Without proper evaluation, an athlete may return-to-play prematurely, putting them at risk of further injury. Although often assessed, we propose that current clinical testing may not be challenging enough to detect lingering deficits. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine reaction time in concussed individuals three times over a 30-day period through the use of a novel reaction time device consisting of simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tasks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-three concussed subjects completed simple, complex, and go/no-go reaction time tests at three different timepoints: within 7-, 14-, and 30-days of injury, and 21 healthy controls completed the three reaction time tasks during a single session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Independent t-tests revealed that for the simple reaction time task, concussed participants were only significantly slower at session 1 (p = .002) when compared to controls. Complex reaction time task results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower at session 1 (p = .0002), session 2 (p = .001), and session 3 (p = .002). Go/no-go results showed concussed participants to be significantly slower than controls at session 1 (p = .003), session 2 (p = .001), and session 3 (p = .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concussed individuals display prolonged reaction time deficits beyond the acute phase of injury, illustrated using increasingly complex tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":"240-248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39444237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}