Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Laying the Groundwork for Clinical Neuropsychology in Romania: Beliefs and Practices of Psychologists Regarding Validity Testing in Clinical Assessment.","authors":"Radmila Jana Šakotić, Iulia Crişan","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf116","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aimed to explore and document Romanian psychologists' practices and beliefs regarding validity testing in clinical assessment, given the lack of neuropsychology as a practice field in this country.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We developed a questionnaire addressing several key aspects, including demographic and professional information, and beliefs and practices related to validity testing in clinical assessment. The questionnaire was distributed to all practitioners licensed in clinical psychology registered on the official website of the Romanian College of Psychologists (RCP). The final sample consisted of 344 practitioners, 312 of whom had been active in assessments during the previous year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed several cultural particularities, including the preference of 49.4% of the sample for employing the Tree Drawing Test (Koch, K. (1954). Der Baumtest - Der Baumzeichenversuch als psychodiagnostisches Hilfsmittel. Hans Huber. Romanian translation by Mocanu, S. (2002). Testul Arborelui - Diagnosticul psihologic cu ajutorul testului arborelui. Profex. Bucuresti) - a projective drawing technique - as a validity test. Only 16.7% of practitioners reported using empirically supported validity tests in clinical evaluations, and several performance validity tests were reported by 2-12.5% of the sample. Additionally, the prevalence of malingering was estimated to be 5%-20% and most respondents associated it with personality disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results indicate a need to bridge the gap between science and practice by adopting evidence-based approaches within the Romanian assessment culture. Our survey offers novel empirical insights into the current state of validity assessment in Romania, thereby contributing foundational knowledge that may support the legitimization and further development of neuropsychology within the national context.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and Cogstate Normative Data of Australian 12- and 13-Year-Olds.","authors":"Poppy L Ball, Amanda Boyes, Marcella Parker, Maddison Crethar, Shae Rendall, Daniel F Hermens, Sophie C Andrews","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Establish normative data for 12- and 13-year-olds on commonly administered tasks from two widely used computerized neuropsychological test batteries, the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and Cogstate.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred twenty 12-13-year-olds (56% female) completed CANTAB (Paired Associates Learning, Cambridge Gambling Task, and Multitasking Test) and/or Cogstate (Groton Maze Learning Task, Detection Test, Identification Test, One-Back Test, and Two-Back Test) between 2018 and 2025 as part of the Australian cohort Longitudinal Adolescent Brain Study. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to establish cognitive norms and assess relationships with sex and age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cognitive scores did not vary by sex. Thirteen-year-olds were more accurate and faster on One-Back and faster on the Identification Test than 12-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data may be used for comparison with adolescents from average-upper socioeconomic status in high-income countries. Future research should develop norms for adolescents of differing age and socioeconomic status.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"False positive low score rates on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV México and U.S. version core subtests from neurologically intact, balanced bilingual, Mexican Americans.","authors":"Gabriela Ontiveros, Philip Gerard Gasquoine","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare false positive rates on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV (WAIS-IV) core subtests from the México and U.S. versions among neurologically intact, balanced bilingual, Mexican Americans with varying cut scores (≤ 7; ≤ 6; ≤ 5 scale scores: i.e., ≥ 1.0, ≥ 1.33, and ≥ 1.67 SDs) while estimating preexisting skill level at the normative 50th percentile versus a performance-based estimate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 participants (M = 10.18 education years) administered the two WAIS-IV versions (intertest interval = 5.68 days) in a counterbalanced repeated measures design. Sample language balance was established by subtraction of the Spanish from the English Woodcock-Muñoz Language Survey-Revised Picture Vocabulary (WMLS-R PV) subtest scores for each participant (M = -0.18).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Estimating preexisting skill level at the 50th percentile of WAIS-IV norms produced false positive rates of 0.32, 0.17, and 0.06 for the México version and 0.53, 0.37, and 0.24 for the U.S. at cut scores of ≤ 7, ≤ 6, and ≤ 5, respectively. Using the WMLS-R PV to estimate preexisting skill level significantly reduced the false positive rate to between ≤ 3% and zero across both versions and all cut scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WAIS-IV false positive rates, likely influenced by racial/ethnically correlated variables of years of education, bilingualism, and qualitative aspects of education, were significantly lower for the México than the U.S. versions across all cut-scores. They were significantly reduced for both versions and all cut scores by using a performance-based estimate of preexisting skill level versus the normative 50th percentile.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and Normative Data of a Modified Autobiographical Interview for Use in Taiwanese Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Wei-Yang Chen, Ta-Cheng Chen, Pai-Yi Chiu, Wei-Han Wang, Mei-Kuei Chen, Hsin-Te Chang","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Autobiographical memory (AM) refers to the recollection of events in an individual's life. AM deficits have been associated with brain disorders, such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Researchers have developed interview protocols to assess AM deficits. We aimed to validate a modified version of the Autobiographical Interview (mAI) among Taiwanese patients with TLE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A normative reference sample of 100 healthy individuals was established to model age- and education-adjusted performance. From this group, 38 individuals were matched to TLE patients to validate discriminative ability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mAI demonstrated high interrater reliability. Retrieval of episodic AM from childhood was associated with linguistic ability. Retrieval of episodic AM from adolescence involved both arbitrary and meaningful associations. Retrieval of episodic AM from recent life was not dependent on arbitrary associations. Age was negatively associated with episodic AM retrieval, whereas educational level was positively associated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TLE patients displayed deficits in episodic AM retrieval from adolescence while AM retrieval from childhood and recent life was preserved. These results support the validity of the mAI as a tool for assessing AM deficits in TLE patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dementia risk factors, everyday functioning, and healthy aging across cognitive status.","authors":"Nicole Whiteley, Thomas J Farrer, Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reviews enumerate several modifiable risk factors that offer avenues for early intervention across midlife and older adulthood. The current study examined the relationship between risk factors and cognitive status (i.e., healthy older adults [HOA], subjective cognitive decline [SCD], and mild cognitive impairment [MCI]), and their association with everyday functioning and engagement in healthy aging behaviors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 260 community-dwelling midlife and older adults. They completed clinical interviews and self-report questionnaires assessing healthy aging activity engagement and everyday functioning cross-sectionally. Dementia risk variables were dichotomized and weighted using the relative risk value from the Lancet Commission to create a composite dementia risk score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of variance revealed significant group differences in dementia risk, F(2, 257) = 5.90, p = .003, η2 = 0.04, with significantly lower risk in HOA than both SCD and MCI. Hierarchical regressions found that the dementia risk score significantly associated with everyday functioning above and beyond global cognition and age. After controlling for cognition and age, dementia risk is also associated with engagement in healthy aging behaviors and their subtypes (i.e., biological health, social and cognitive strategies, health safeguard behaviors). Exploratory analyses of individual risk factors identified specific predictors of everyday functioning and healthy aging engagement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings establish overlapping risk profiles and vulnerabilities for both SCD and MCI groups. Findings support both biological and mental health factors associated with everyday functioning and healthy aging activities, highlighting the importance of early intervention and a proactive, individualized approach to manage dementia risk across the lifespan.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13064854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Every Four-Legged Animal is Not a Dog: Investigating Concussive Symptoms in a Non-Concussed Psychiatric Sample.","authors":"Kaynaat Abrar, Brianna M Goldstein, Jeremy B Frank, Konstantine K Zakzanis","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf108","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent somatic, cognitive, and psychological symptoms following an uncomplicated mild traumatic brain injury are often attributed to post-concussion syndrome. However, existing research demonstrates that non-concussed populations also report high base rates of such symptoms. In this study, archival data from 131 individuals with psychiatric diagnoses were analyzed using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. Participants were classified into trauma- and anxiety-related disorders, somatic symptom and related disorders, or complex psychiatric disorders. Nonparametric tests were conducted to examine group differences in RPQ total and symptom cluster scores. Significant differences were observed across diagnostic groups, with the complex psychiatric disorders group endorsing the highest total and cluster scores. Across all psychiatric groups, mean RPQ total scores exceeded those reported in multicultural healthy controls and a mTBI sample. The present study demonstrates that PCS-like symptoms are not unique to neurological trauma but are strongly endorsed across psychiatric populations, particularly among individuals with multiple psychiatric comorbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13017580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambulatory Cognitive Function and Cognitive Dispersion among Individuals with Type I Diabetes: Examining Biobehavioral and Glycemic Correlates.","authors":"Patrick J Smith, Reid Barker, Jason Hassenstab, Rhonda M Merwin","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is widely regarded as an important risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), with higher blood glucose variability (BGV) associating with greater ADRD risk. Few studies have linked BGV with ambulatory cognitive functioning or cognitive dispersion measures in T1DM.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a pilot study in which 20 individuals with type-I DM (T1DM) wore a continuous glucose monitor and actigraphy monitor for one week while completing ambulatory measures of cognition. In addition to ambulatory measures, participants completed a 45-min neuropsychological battery consisting of eight standard measures of Executive Functioning, Memory and Learning, and premorbid intellectual functioning. Demographically corrected t-scores were obtained, as well as measures of cognitive dispersion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cardiovascular risk factors and markers of metabolic function were associated with cognitive function and cognitive dispersion. Higher glucose levels, HbA1c, and body mass, as well as lower physical activity and sleep efficiency all associated with worse ambulatory cognition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ambulatory cognitive measures demonstrated robust associations with clinical neuropsychological measures and dynamic associations with ambulatory metabolic function and health behaviors. Greater levels of cognitive dispersion associated with vascular risk factors, worse metabolic function, and worse ambulatory cognitive functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145800959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-fluent agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia in a bilingual Mandarin/English speaker: a case report.","authors":"Belinda Y Zhang, Bailey L Ortiz, Shelley Peery","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag027","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-fluent agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) is a neurodegenerative condition associated with effortful speech and agrammatism in language production. The neuropsychological assessment and diagnosis of nfvPPA in bilingual patients is not well characterized. This case report describes a 66-year-old bilingual Mandarin/English speaking male patient who experienced gradual progression of aphasia in both languages with initial preferential sparing of Mandarin.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The patient was seen for a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation administered primarily in Mandarin Chinese with select subtests in English. Language functioning was assessed using the Bilingual Aphasia Screening Test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consistent with a diagnosis of nfvPPA, the patient's neuropsychological assessment revealed agrammatism, apraxia of speech, and impaired comprehension of complex commands. Preserved language abilities included single-word comprehension, object knowledge, and lexical discrimination. In other domains, verbal and visual memory were impaired, while attention, processing speed, visuospatial skills, and motor functioning were preserved.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case illustrates a comprehensive neuropsychological battery to assess for nfvPPA in bilingual patients. This case also has implications for understanding the clinical presentation and progression of symptoms for bilingual patients, highlighting the complex interaction between neurodegeneration and bicultural language representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13112198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147794971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Within-Person Score Distribution Measures as Performance Validity Indicators in Service Members and Veterans with and without History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Jeremy J Davis","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf109","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acaf109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examined within-person score distribution measures (WPSD) as a performance validity indicator using the overall test battery mean (OTBM), within-battery standard deviation (SD-B), coefficient of variation (CV), number of abnormal scores (ABN), and several other measures. The primary aim was comparison of classification accuracy of various WPSD measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study involved secondary analysis of de-identified data originally collected in the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Study 1. Participants (N = 1431) were categorized into valid and questionable performance validity groups using independent performance validity tests (PVTs). Seven WPSD measures were calculated from norm-referenced T scores on 24 cognitive tests: OTBM, CV, SD-B, kurtosis, skew, range, and ABN (scores ≤35 T). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values were compared across WPSD measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group differences were observed in OTBM, CV, and ABN. AUC comparison showed excellent classification accuracy for OTBM (AUC = 0.83) and ABN (AUC = 0.84), and acceptable accuracy for CV (AUC = 0.74). Minimum specificity (≥90%) was shown with cutoffs on OTBM (≤42 T; sensitivity = 56%), CV (≥0.265; sensitivity = 30%), and ABN (≥6; sensitivity = 55%). Slight adjustments were required to maintain specificity in racially and ethnically diverse sample subsets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OTBM and ABN demonstrated strong potential for use as embedded PVTs with excellent classification accuracy. CV displayed lower classification accuracy with group differences primarily due to changes in mean performance rather than increased dispersion. Further development and cross-validation of WPSD-based PVTs is warranted in civilian samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Prospective Memory after Stroke: a Comparison of Self-Report and Performance-Based Measures.","authors":"Virginia Ambrogi, Fabio Giovannelli, Stefania Righi, Ilaria Pellegrini, Sara Della Bella, Chiara Pedrini, Francesca Cecchi, Maria Pia Viggiano","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acag014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/arclin/acag014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Prospective memory (PM) is essential for daily functioning, allowing individuals to remember planned actions while engaged in other tasks. PM deficits can significantly affect quality of life, particularly in clinical populations, such as patients with stroke. The present study aimed to compare PM failures between patients with stroke and healthy controls using both a performance-based task and a self-report measure.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Thirty-five patients with stroke and forty healthy controls participated in the study. All participants completed the Prospective scale of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and the event-based task from the Miami Prospective Memory Test (MPMTevent).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with stroke were significantly more likely to exhibit impaired performance on the MPMTevent than healthy controls. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups in PRMQ scores. This finding indicates that, despite their lower performance on MPMTevent individuals with stroke did not subjectively perceive a higher frequency of PM failures in everyday life than healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a dissociation between objective PM performance and self-assessment in patients with stroke, highlighting the role of metacognitive awareness. A lack of such awareness could hinder the adoption of effective strategies to improve PM performance. These results emphasize the need for a comprehensive assessment of PM that integrates both performance-based and self-reports measures to fully capture deficits in patients with stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":"41 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}