Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists最新文献

{"title":"Screening for Neurocognitive Deficits in Pediatrics-the Clinical Utility of the Pediatric Perceived Cognitive Functioning item bank.","authors":"Marieke de Vries, Jan Pieter Marchal, Heleen Maurice-Stam, Berdien Mulder, Martha Grootenhuis, Femke K Aarsen, Andre B Rietman, Michiel A J Luijten, Kim J Oostrom","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Efficient screening for neurocognitive dysfunction is pivotal for timely intervention in at-risk populations in pediatrics. The Pediatric Perceived Cognitive Functioning (PedsPCF) item bank was developed for this purpose. We aimed to explore the relationship between, and the discriminative value of PedsPCF scores with neurocognitive outcomes and the behavior rating inventory of executive function parent report (BRIEF) in a pediatric population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The PedsPCF parent- and self-report versions were added to neurocognitive testing batteries that were administered in clinical care or research in two Dutch academic pediatric hospitals. Most test batteries were individually tailored, resulting in a wide variety of measures. We determined Pearson correlations between the PedsPCF and neurocognitive test outcomes categorized into five neurocognitive domains as proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5, and the BRIEF-parent. Moreover, we assessed the discriminative values of PedsPCF deficit scores (M - 1 SD) for neurocognitive domain deficits (M - 1 SD) and the BRIEF-parent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PedsPCF was completed by 104 children and 106 parents. The parent-PedsPCF correlated with three neurocognitive domains and the BRIEF-parent but did not indicate deficits in any of the neurocognitive domains. The self-report PedsPCF correlated with a deficit in complex attention and the BRIEF-parent, and could indicate a deficit in complex attention only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although the PedsPCF correlated with neurocognitive test outcomes, the discriminative value of the total score was limited. The short and freely available PedsPCF appears to add a useful subjective dimension to neurocognitive testing rather than a replacement of neurocognitive assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144693044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Get Your Brain in the Game: Using Machine Learning to Predict Recovery Timelines Following Sports-Related Concussion.","authors":"Garrett A Thomas, Peter A Arnett","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This exploratory proof-of-concept study aimed to develop predictive models for return-to-play (RTP) timelines following sports-related concussion using machine learning techniques.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data available through Federal Interagency Traumatic Brain Injury Research Informatics System (FITBIR) and the Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium, the sample included 971 college athletes with available RTP data. Data were split into training, testing, and validation sets. Random forest (RF) regression modeling was used to predict number of days to RTP based on individual factors, injury data, and symptom and cognitive performance data collected 24-48 hr post-concussion. Recursive feature elimination (RFE) was used to identify the features that were most strongly associated with RTP. We also conducted RF classification modeling with recovery type (typical [≤ 28 days] vs. prolonged [> 28 days]) as the outcome of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RFE revealed optimal performance with 31 features, most of which were related to post-concussion symptomatology and cognitive performance. The RF regression model showed modest performance, accounting for 21% and 17% of the variance in testing and validation sets, respectively. The RF classification models also showed good performance across different levels of dataset balancing. The strongest classification model showed an accuracy of 89.04% with an F1 score of 0.56 on the testing set. On the validation set, the model showed 85.52% accuracy with an F1 score of 0.40. Receiver operator characteristics showed an AUC of 0.85.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, these findings support the use of machine learning models in concussion management - particularly with predicting recovery timelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144677196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking Personality Traits to Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis: A Longitudinal Analysis.","authors":"Isabele Jacot de Alcântara, Philippe Voruz, Gilles Allali, Patrice H Lalive, Julie A Péron","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Living with a chronic disease often involves facing many personal changes. In multiple sclerosis (MS), these changes can occur in both physical and psychological domains. Interestingly, psychological factors, including personality traits, have been suggested as potential contributors to disability progression in MS. However, longitudinal studies exploring these associations are scarce. The objective of this study is to highlight and understand long-term associations between personality and disability progression in MS using advanced statistical methods that provide a robust approach to analyzing repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-eight people with a confirmed diagnosis of MS (Mage = 47.5 years; 19 women) were included in this longitudinal study. Personality was assessed using the NEO-Personality Inventory-3 and disability with the Expanded Disability Status Scale at two time points (mean interval of 4.2 years). Finally, Generalized Estimating Equations were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Persons who displayed an increase in Neuroticism, notably in its Anxiety facet, as well as a decrease in Extraversion, particularly in its Warmth and Gregariousness facets, showed more disability increase.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of considering personality dynamics in the management of MS and advocate for a more individualized, person-centered approach to care and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144645158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statement of the Editors of the Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology regarding the March 2025 Minnesota Conference Guidelines.","authors":"Gregory Price Lee","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144629296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profiles of Individuals With Long COVID Reporting Persistent Cognitive Complaints.","authors":"Carmen Cabello Fernandez, Vincent Didone, Hichem Slama, Gilles Dupuis, Patrick Fery, Gaël Delrue, Alexia Lesoinne, Fabienne Collette, Sylvie Willems","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A subset of COVID-19 patients continues to experience cognitive difficulties 24 months post-infection. The factors driving these symptoms are complex, and the underlying pathophysiology is unclear. This study aimed to characterize individuals with Long COVID reporting cognitive issues.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>One hundred twenty-three patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation resulting from the baseline of an RCT study (COVCOG), along with questionnaires assessing cognitive complaints, fatigue, sleep difficulties, quality of life, psychological distress, and impact on daily activities. Latent Profile Analyses on cognitive scores were conducted to investigate the presence of different patient profiles. Robust analyses of variance and Pearson's chi-square examined the profiles' effects on demographic variables and questionnaire scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients had had predominantly mild to moderate infections (87.8%) and were assessed an average of 20.9 (±8.6) months post-infection. Neuropsychological assessment showed cognitive impairment in at least one domain in 72% of the patients, mainly in attention and executive functions. Over 80% reported sleep problems and fatigue, 97% concentration problems, and some 80% memory and word-finding problems. The self-report questionnaires also revealed significant complaints. Three profiles emerged (all ps < .001). Profiles 1 and 2 both experienced widespread cognitive issues; Profile 1 patients expressed more complaints about cognitive functioning and daily fatigue (all ps < .045). Patients in Profile 3 were more frequently men (all ps < .049) with a specific impairment of verbal long-term memory and fewer complaints.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study identifies three different profiles of individuals with Long COVID, highlighting the need for comprehensive evaluations including neuropsychological, psychological, somatic, and functional aspects to implement effective, tailored interventions. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05167266.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Gaps in Sundown Syndrome Research: a Scoping Review and Roadmap for Future Multimodal Approaches.","authors":"Qianru Xu, Feng Vankee Lin, Yang Liu, Guoying Zhao","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sundown syndrome (SS), or sundowning, is a neuropsychiatric phenomenon marked by the worsening of symptoms in the late afternoon or evening, primarily in individuals with dementia. By systematically examining previous studies, this scoping review aims to (1) bridge traditional questionnaire-based assessment methods with advanced sensor-based tools and (2) propose a multimodal framework to guide future research in enhancing risk identification, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment across key symptom categories.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive review of Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, APA PsycInfo, and IEEE Xplore to identify studies on SS. Following established scoping review guidelines, 13 review papers and 41 empirical studies were selected and analyzed based on traditional questionnaire-based observation and/or sensor-based measurement methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified key limitations in traditional assessment methods and classified SS symptoms into five domains: psychomotor symptoms, cognitive and perceptual disturbances, mood and affective symptoms, psychosis, and disruptions in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living. Building on these insights, we proposed a multimodal platform integrating sensor technologies to enhance risk identification, diagnosis, continuous monitoring, and treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study advances the understanding of SS by synthesizing prior research, refining symptom domains, and proposing a roadmap for future investigation and intervention. The integration of multimodal sensor technologies holds the potential to reduce caregiver burden, enhance patient care, and enable more effective management of SS and other behavioral disturbances in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translation and Validation of the Persian Version of the Communication and Language Assessment Questionnaire for Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (P-CLAMS).","authors":"Aghaei Fatemeh, Rahmani Shima, Azarinfar Maryam, HaresAbadi Fatemeh, Ghaemi Hamide, El-Wahsh Sarah","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) can experience communication changes, which can significantly impact their quality of life. To explore and help address these challenges, patient-reported outcome measures (P-CLAMS) can be valuable tools in both research and clinical practice. They can help track symptom progression, support patient-centered care, assess the effectiveness of service delivery, and complement clinical assessments. This study aimed to translate and validate the Persian version of the Communication and Language Assessment Questionnaire for Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (P-CLAMS).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The adaptation and translation of the questionnaire occurred in two phases: (1) translation and cultural adaptation and (2) validity and reliability. The final version of the P-CLAMS consists of 11 items with one component factor (communication/language).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences were observed in construct and criterion validity measures. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the P-CLAMS is a unidimensional measure for assessing communication difficulties in MS. The internal consistency was high (α = 0.92), and test/retest reliability was acceptable (ICC = 0.89). Additionally, the P-CLAMS effectively discriminated between people with MS (PwMS) and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The psychometric evaluation demonstrated that the Persian version of the CLAMS (P-CLAMS) has good validity and reliability. The P-CLAMS can be a valuable tool for clinicians and researchers to assess communication changes in PwMS and evaluate intervention effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Neuropsychological Service Pathway for School-Age Neonatal Follow Up: a Feasibility Pilot.","authors":"Tricia S Williams, Marin M Taylor, Rivka R Green, Rachael Lyon, Bianca C Bondi, Naddley Désiré","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuropsychological care benefits children with neonatal brain conditions by monitoring brain health and directing supports to optimize learning and psychosocial growth. Conventional assessments often are time and resource intensive; innovative, precise, and efficient assessment models are needed. This study examined 1) feasibility and acceptability of a tiered assessment protocol and 2) preliminary predictive validity of screening measures.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children aged 4-18 years and their caregivers were referred for neuropsychological evaluation. A tiered protocol was co-designed with family advisors and included 3 steps: 1) invitation to consultation, including psychoeducation; 2) screening measures of cognition, learning, and well-being; and 3) virtual 1:1 consultation with a neuropsychologist/fellow. Collaborative caregiver-clinician discussion led to a) in-person testing, b) deferred assessment, or c) discharge. A portion (22%) of cases were reviewed independently to assess inter-clinician reliability. Caregiver feedback was gathered via survey. Multiple linear regression models assessed relationships between screening measures and 1) consultation outcome, and 2) child full scale intellectual IQ scores (FSIQ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 104 families invited to participate, 98 (94%) responded: 9 (9.2%) declined services and 85 (86.7%) completed screening measures and consultation. After consultation, 50 (59%) proceeded to in-person testing, 17 (20%) deferred assessment, and 18 (21%) were discharged. Inter-clinician agreement on consultation outcome was strong (90%). Caregiver feedback reflected protocol feasibility and acceptability; comments described helpfulness of monitoring, and timeliness of process. Screening measures predicted outcomes of consultation and child FSIQ.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results illustrate importance of evaluating neuropsychological pathways with precision, efficiency and caregiver-partners in mind.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study of a Multilingual Individual with Primary Progressive Aphasia: Diagnostic Considerations and Implications for Language Representation.","authors":"Brianna E Kelly, Al Amira Safa Shehab","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study reports a case of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) in a multilingual Haitian American individual. Earlier literature has suggested that cases of PPA in multilingual individuals are relatively rare. Several factors complicate the assessment of language dysfunction and diagnosis of PPA in multilingualism, including age of language acquisition, degree of proficiency, language representation in the bilingual brain, and limited availability/validity of tests/norms for bilinguals.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This is a 69-year-old right-handed trilingual (French/English/Haitian Creole) Haitian American female with 16 years of education. Difficulties with word finding and speech production emerged two years prior to evaluation. Language was assessed with select subtests of the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE-3), Boston Naming Test (BNT), and Verbal Fluency. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging displayed large areas of hypometabolism in the left and right frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, with the left areas being more greatly impacted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neuropsychological testing showed impairments in visual and auditory naming, verbal fluencies, sentence repetition, and word reading. Reading comprehension and repetition of single words were relatively spared. There were deficits in learning/memory, visuospatial functioning, and processing speed. Speech was dysfluent with occasional agrammatism and mild dysarthria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overlapping characteristics of both logopenic and non-fluent/agrammatic variants of PPA were evident. Patient's neuroimaging findings and clinical presentation suggest an advanced PPA syndrome. Cognitive/brain reserve and a globalized language representation, theorized in bilingual individuals, could be considered as contributors to the trajectory of her deficits. This case study contributes to the growing literature on PPA in diverse populations and multilingual individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological Integration, a Sense of Relationship, and the Self as Unified Experience.","authors":"Brick Johnstone, Erin Smith, Daniel Cohen","doi":"10.1093/arclin/acaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Although the neuropsychological foundations of the self have been poorly understood to date, a neuropsychological model has recently been proposed that suggests that the self is best conceptualized as a \"unified experience\" that is created when all neuropsychological processes are integrated in the right hemisphere association area to produce a sense of relationship between them (i.e., that they are occurring to the same entity at the same time, place, and context). This model was recently validated by a factor analysis of the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale that identified empirically distinct factors for dis-integrated neurological inputs (i.e., sensations) and dis-integrated neurological outputs (i.e., affect, behavior, cognition). However, further validation and expansion of the model are needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This article reviews and reinterprets previous neuropsychological studies of the self to validate the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Review of this neuropsychological model of the self and supporting research suggest that this integrative neuropsychological process of relationship be conceptualized and assessed in terms of: (a) the specific neuropsychological processes that are integrated (i.e., affect, behavior, cognition, sensations); (b) the quantitative degree of experienced relationship (i.e., high to low); and (c) the center of experience/point of reference from which this integration occurs (i.e., body/brain; external).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It is suggested that this model be used to provide a universal framework to explain diverse neurologic, psychiatric, and delusional misidentification disorders of the self, socially based character traits (i.e., experiences of relationship to other individuals), and other selfless experiences (e.g., transcendence, flow states). Clinical and research applications are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":520564,"journal":{"name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}